LED55_UNIT_ONE.pdf

UNIT ONE: LANGUAGE  OBJECTIVES: At the end of the session you are expected to: A. determine the definition, nature, characteristics, and functions of language; B. examine the major and minor languages of the Philippines as multilingual nation; C. identify the current l...

UNIT ONE: LANGUAGE  OBJECTIVES: At the end of the session you are expected to: A. determine the definition, nature, characteristics, and functions of language; B. examine the major and minor languages of the Philippines as multilingual nation; C. identify the current linguistic situation of the Philippines; and D. recognize the challenges and opportunities of having multilanguages and multidialects in the Philippines TOPIC 1: NATURE, CHARACTERISTICS, AND FUNCTIONS LANGUAGE ▪ A system of conventional spoken, manual (signed), or written symbols by means of which human beings, as members of a social group express themselves. LANGUAGE ▪ According to Henry Sweet, “Language is the expression of ideas by means of speech sounds combined into words. Words are combined into sentences, this combination answering to that ideas into thoughts”. LANGUAGE ▪ According to Bernard Bloch and George L. Trager, “Language is a system of arbitrary vocal symbols by means of which a social group cooperates”. LANGUAGE ▪ Is a purely human and non-instinctive method of communicating ideas, emotions, and desires, by means of voluntarily produced symbols (Sapir). LANGUAGE ▪ A system of communication consisting of sounds, words, grammar, or the system of communication used by the people of a particular country or profession. TOPIC 2: LANGUAGE: NATURE, CHARACTERISTICS, AND FUNCTIONS NATURE ▪ Language is a combination of sounds ▪ Words have meaning ▪ Language follows a grammatical structure ▪ Language is based on aural and oral system ▪ Language can die and be extinct ▪ Language can be diverse CHARACTERISTICS ▪ Language is dynamic ▪ Language has levels ▪ Language is creative and unique ▪ Language is a means of communication ▪ Language identifies our culture ▪ Language is arbitrary FUNCTIONS In the history of linguistics we find many renowned personalities who worked on language functions but some of the prominent are: ▪ Roman Jakobson ▪ Bronislaw Malinowski ▪ Micheal Halliday ▪ Geoffery Finch FUNCTIONS There are two aspects of language functions (Finch): ▪Macro functions ▪Micro functions MICRO FUNCTIONS 1. Physiological 2. Phatic 3. Recording 4. Identifying 5. Reasoning 6. Communicating 7. Pleasure PHYSIOLOGICAL FUNCTION 1. ▪ Releasing physical and nervous energy ▪ E.g. Curse words are used to serve this purpose. PHATIC FUNCTION 2. ▪ For sociability ▪ E. g. In writing, Dear/Sir/Madame and ending Sincerely also serve that purpose. RECORDING FUNCTION 3. ▪ It denotes using language to make a durable record of things that ought to be remembered. IDENTIFYING FUNCTION 4. ▪ Language is used also to identify the objects and events in the world we live in. ▪ We use names to classify different things. REASONING FUNCTION 5. ▪ Instrument of thoughts ▪ Before we say something, we think. And to do that we necessarily use language. COMMUNICATING FUNCTION 6. ▪ Requesting, apologizing, informing, ordering, as well as promising and refusing are all reasons for communicating our ideas. PLEASURE FUNCTION 7. ▪ Language often gives pleasure both to the speakers and listeners is not only supported by the frequent use of assonance, alliteration, and onomatopoeia in poetry. ▪ Depending on the sound of languages. MACRO FUNCTIONS 1. Ideational 2. Interpersonal 3. Poetic 4. Textual IDEATIONAL 1. ▪ It refers to the conceptualizing process involved in our mental activities INTERPERSONAL 2. ▪ Emphasizes that language is mainly a social phenomenon, but apart from enabling communication with other people it enables to project the speaker in the desired way and to represent the speaker. POETIC FUNCTION 3. ▪ The ability to manipulate language in a creative way ▪ With the use of jokes and metaphors we can play with words and meanings simply for joy  4. TEXTUAL FUNCTION ▪ Textual competence refers to our ability to create long utterances or pieces of writing are both cohesive and coherent. TOPIC 3: PHILIPPINES: MULTILINGUAL NATION CONSIDER ▪ The Republic of the Philippines is an archipelago made up of 7, 107 islands ▪ The local languages across the country are numerous and serve the purpose of daily living and interaction with others. PHILIPPINES: MULTILINGUAL NATION ▪ Ethnolgue (2005) reports that there are 171 living languages spoken by the different ethno-linguistic groups of the Philippines. PHILIPPINES: MULTILINGUAL NATION ▪ Belves (2002) reports that eight (8) of these are considered major languages in the country. These are Bikol, Cebuano, Hiligaynon, Ilokano or Iloko, Kapampangan, Pangasinan or Pangasinense, Tagalog, and Waray or Samarnon. DIVISION OF THE PHILIPPINE LANGUAGES 1. Northern Philippine Languages 2. Meso Philippine Languages 3. Southern Philippine Languages NORTHERN PHILIPPINE LANGUAGES 1. Such as Ilokano, Kapampangan, Pangasinense, and Sambal languages are concentrated in northern and central Luzon. NORTHERN PHILIPPINE LANGUAGES 1. Some languages in Mindoro such as Iraya and Tadyawan are included in this group. NORTHERN PHILIPPINE LANGUAGES 1. The Yami language (also known as Tao of Orchid Island in Taiwan) is also a member of this group. MESO PHILIPPINE LANGUAGES 2. ▪ It covers Central Luzon, Visayas, and many parts of Mindanao. ▪ Certain languages spoken in Palawan and Mindoro such as Tagbanwa, Palawano, and Hanunoo constitute their own respective subgroups. MESO PHILIPPINE LANGUAGES 2. ▪ The largest subgroup are the Central Philippine languages which are composed of Tagalog, Bicol language; Visayan languages such as Cebuano, Hiligaynon, and Waray-Waray; and Mansakan languages. SOUTHERN PHILIPPINE LANGUAGES 3. ▪ Maranao, Maguindanao, Manobo languages, and Subanon languages are concentrated in Mindanao. CONSIDER The other three groups are thought to be more distantly related to the previous three languages: 1. Southern Mindanao languages 2. Sama-Bajau languages 3. Sulawesi languages  1. SOUTHERN MINDANAO LANGUAGES ▪ These are languages such a T’boli and Blaan which are spoken in Southern Mindanao. SAMA-BAJAU LANGUAGES 2. ▪ Are mainly centered in the Sulu Archipelago as well as parts of Borneo. ▪ One language, Abaknon is spoken on Capul island near Samar from other Sama languages. ▪ Other languages in this group are Yaken and Sama. SULAWESI LANGUAGES 3. ▪ Have two representatives in the Philippines, the Sangil and the Sangir languages. TOPIC 3.1: EVOLUTION OF NATIONAL LANGUAGE IN THE PHILIPPINES NATIONAL LANGUAGE ▪ Former President Manuel L. Quezon took the initiative and leadership in bringing about a national policy decision. ▪ He issued EO 134 in 1937 proclaiming the adoption, development and use of a National Language. EO 134 IN 1937 ▪ The National Assembly recommended that Tagalog be the basis of national language. ▪ August 13, 1959, the use of “Pilipino” as the official language was declared then by Secretary Jose E. Romero through Department of Education Order No. 7. ▪ In the 1987 Constitution of the Republic of the Philippines, the law mandates the national language of the Philippines is “Filipino”. ▪ Arabic is not widely spoken in the Philippines but there is a small percentage from the ARMM. ▪ But with the institutionalization of the Madaris schools by the DepEd, Arabic is now learned in other areas where it is necessary. TOPIC 4: CURRENT LINGUISTIC SITUATION IN THE PHILIPPINES According to Mandane (2015) ▪Throughout the history, people have been mistaking the two essential words “dialect” and “language”. ▪Languages have their own branches of dialects which are almost similar or intelligible with their mother language (origin). TOPIC 5: CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES CONSIDER : Is English in the Philippine Education: Solution or Problem? English: A Language of Power and Progress ▪ In the Philippines, it is an affordable item, a skill that can be used to increase one’s position, respectability, and marketability. ▪ In most cases, the better one’s ability to understand and use English, the better one’s chances of career of advancement. CONSIDER : Filipinos are not Americans. Why do we continue to dream their dreams and speak their language? Language is the Key to Understanding Others ▪ What many Filipinos miss is that English can also be used as a key to understand ourselves. English, after all, does not belong to America. If we accept it with grace and use it with wisdom, it can belong to the rest of the world. REFERENCES: English in the Philippines by Doray Espinosa (Language Institute in Japan). Retrieved from: ttps://gilseg.org.26Phil.htm Finch G. 1998. How to study linguistics. Houndmills. Palgrave Macmillan. The Philippines and the English language. Retrieved from: https://www.economist.com/node/13794772