User Experience Design Lecture PDF

1 User Experience Design Legal, ethical and professional aspects of user experience design work Plan for the lecture 2 Introduce User Experience Present User Experience as a key aspect of ethical design What is user experience design?...

1 User Experience Design Legal, ethical and professional aspects of user experience design work Plan for the lecture 2 Introduce User Experience Present User Experience as a key aspect of ethical design What is user experience design? 3 Break it down- please respond to questions on mentimeter Encountering a new system 4 Imagine that you are given a new role and that in order to perform this role you need to learn a new software system. There will be training (at some point, probably) and you have access to the user documentation (the size of Wikipedia) So, really you are going to need to try it out without much support to begin with You sit at your computer and launch the application How are you feeling? Perhaps a little anxious- the stakes are reasonably high. Encountering a new system 5 The application launches and you can see that it is going to take a while to learn. There is a large number of icons and labels that do not mean much to you. You are proficient in your discipline and you know what you need the system to do, but you can’t see how you can get the system to do it. The system seems complex and it is not clear what you want to do so you do nothing. You feel reluctant to use a system that makes you feel uneasy so avoid it as far as possible. More formal account 6 Hopefully you can see that this is a poor user experience, but we can provide a more formal account of what is happening using : The gulf of execution and the gulf of evaluation The notion of affordances and mental models The three levels of design Gulf of execution, Gulf of evaluation 7 The gulf of execution refers to the extent to which a user understands how the interactions with a system may help them achieve their goal.  The gulf of execution may be large if a user can not figure out what they need to do to achieve their goal or thinks they can achieve their goal by carrying out a given action when in reality a different action or set of actions is required The gulf of evaluation refers to how well the system displays its state and what is possible to do using it. Users are able to see the system state and interpret it.  The gulf of evaluation may be large if it isn’t clear what the system is doing Affordances 8 Affordances are properties of a design that provide information about how they can be used Cognitive affordance Physical affordance Sensory affordance Submit Functional affordance Emotional affordance form Button adapted from pixabay: https://pixabay.com/illustrations/blue-button-button-web-blue- 1428506/ Mental models 9 Mental models are the conceptions or theories that users hold about how a system works An important part of UXD is to figure out how to help users understand how to use the interface and we often do this by making use of their prior knowledge and understanding  Consider the web (initially a diverse range of designs and approaches, latterly coalesced around conventions (navigation bar, banner, blue text for links etc) Visceral, behavioural and cognitive design 10 Design affects users on the visceral, behavioural and reflective levels  Visceral – involuntary response to something (that sense you have that you shouldn’t use a particular cash machine (perhaps it looks compromised))  Behavioural – how effective and efficient the system is for users  Reflective – how does the system or object make you feel- does it align with how you view yourself for example. Do you prefer a space-age dashboard in your car which takes a while to learn but makes you fell like a space captain? Deceptive UX patterns in context 11 We can now frame deceptive ux patterns more precisely. Design is a conscious attempt to elicit certain behaviours or results. We can say that a good design (in UX terms) makes a particular user experience more likely Design is therefore purposeful- if it succeeds it is a good design if it fails it is a bad design Deceptive UX design therefore is not simply bad design:  considered successful if users are nudged to do things that are to the advantage only of the system owner The sneak into basket pattern 12 The customer wants to buy the items they have selected and put into the basket (ONLY those items), the gulf of execution is relatively low- customer can add items as they expect (this is also consistent with their mental model of how a shopping basket works) The gulf of evaluation in this case is high because the system state is obscured or hidden from them (they would need to scrutinise their selected items closely to see the additional item) Ethical considerations 13 We have a responsibility to our users as well as our clients To the user the interface is the system. So, any reference to producing effective systems that users use must have a good user experience How do we know if we have created good user experiences? Designing and evaluating with users 14 To some extent it depends on the system you are designing but: Do comprehensive user research Ensure users participate in the design as far as possible, not as objects of the design Do not waste user time in evaluation  Conduct expert reviews (heuristic evaluations- but consider alternatives to Nielsen’s heuristic set (c.f. Mariana’s work with Ger Joyce)) Conduct representative user studies Participatory design 15 Requires a meaningful role for people in the design of systems, services and technologies that affect them: Equalising power relations Situation based actions Mutual learning Tools and techniques Alternative visions about technology Democratic practices Greenbaum & Kensing (2012). Cited in Greenbaum and Loi (2012) Importance of user experience 16 Can address issues of:  Disempowerment  Lack of understanding of technology (and perhaps agency)  Widening participation in the use of technology  Processes for ensuring systems are representative It is the dialogue between human and machine Is an important expression of Human Centred Computing Overall process 17 UX Research Prototyping Evaluation Repeat until ready Summative evaluation Release A note on where UXD fits in 18 We have also studied other design approaches  Universal design  Inclusive design User Experience design in principle should have strong components of inclusive design, so why do we need Inclusive design? You may have a sense of those users interacting with your technology using assistive technologies, but perhaps only as a legal issue Who identifies the users you are designing for? You provide the best possible user experience for your users (which market segments will be most lucrative) Accessibility in context (and beyond) 19 We treat accessibility separately from User Experience because: a) It is intrinsically important b) It is a prerequisite for a good user experience and also for a usable system c) There are specific legal and ethical issues to consider Questions or comments? 20 Please put your virtual hand up or post your question to the Q&A  21 Questions / Comments? Please put your virtual hand up or post your question to the Q&A herts.ac.uk