Preschool Development Lecture Week 9 PDF

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EffectualUnicorn9774

Uploaded by EffectualUnicorn9774

Faculty of Nursing

Dr. Rawnaq Almahadeen, Dr. Haytham Al-Oran

Tags

preschool development child development early childhood education psychology

Summary

This lecture covers important topics on preschool development, including factors such as health promotion of preschool and families, learning objectives for health patterns during the preschool years, coping with anxieties or fears, and dealing with challenges like stress, speech problems and safety. It is suitable for educational purposes.

Full Transcript

Growth and Development 1402301 “Health Promotion of the Preschool and Family” Part-Two Dr. Rawnaq Almahadeen Prepared by Dr. Haytham Al-Oran Faculty of Nursing *On completion of this lecture, the student will be able to: § Su...

Growth and Development 1402301 “Health Promotion of the Preschool and Family” Part-Two Dr. Rawnaq Almahadeen Prepared by Dr. Haytham Al-Oran Faculty of Nursing *On completion of this lecture, the student will be able to: § Summarize anticipatory guidance to parents regarding common concerns during preschool age period § Identify optimal health patterns during preschool age period, namely: I. Nutrition II. Sleep and rest III. Dental health IV. Safety promotion and injury prevention Introduction Coping with concerns related to normal growth and development Preschool and Kindergarten Experience Fears Stress Speech Problems Preschool and Kindergarten Experience One of the issues that parents face is the child's readiness for preschool or kindergarten Some children are home-schooled, but many children attend some type of early childhood program, usually preschool or a day care center Preschool provides an excellent opportunity for expanding children's experiences with others. In preschool or daycare centers, children are exposed to opportunities for learning group cooperation; adjusting to sociocultural differences; and coping with frustration, dissatisfaction, and anger. If activities are tailored to provide mastery and achievement, children increasingly have feelings of success, self-confidence, and personal competence. Preschool and Kindergarten Experience (Cont….) Careful selection of early childhood education is fundamental to future learning and Development Licensed and regulated programs are mandated to abide by established standards, which represent minimum requirements and safeguards. Regulation is important to protect children from harm and to promote the conditions essential for a child's healthy development and learning. Areas for parents to evaluate include the facility's daily program, teacher qualifications, staff-to student ratio, discipline policy, environmental safety precautions, provision of meals, sanitary conditions, adequate indoor and outdoor space per child, and fee schedule. Parents should introduce their child to the teacher and the facility Providing the school with detailed information about the child's home environment Preschool and Kindergarten Experience (Cont…. Children need preparation for the preschool or kindergarten experience. For young children, it represents a change from their usual home environment and prolonged separation from their parents. Before children begin school, parents should present the idea as exciting and pleasurable. Talking to children about activities (such as painting, building with blocks, or enjoying swings and other outdoor equipment) allows children to fantasize about the forthcoming event in a positive manner. When the first day of school arrives, parents should behave confidently. Such behavior requires parents to have resolved their own feelings regarding the experience. Fears The greatest number and variety of real and imagined fears are present during the preschool years Prolonged or inappropriate television viewing by preschoolers may increase fears and anxieties Preschool boys are known to imitate and act out violent behavior viewed on television The preschooler who fears sitting on the toilet seat may relate to a television program wherein a toilet became a monster and swallowed a child Fears (Cont….) Usually by 5 or 6 years old, children relinquish many of their fears. The best way to help children overcome their fears is by actively involving them in finding practical methods to deal with the frightening experience This may be as simple as keeping a night-light on in the child's bedroom for assurance that no monsters lurk in the dark. Exposing children to the feared object in a safe situation also provides a type of conditioning, or desensitization. Fears (Cont….) Explaining the developmental sequence of fears and their gradual disappearance may help parents feel more secure in handling preschoolers' fears. Sometimes fears do not subside with simple measures or developmental maturation. When children experience severe fears that disrupt family life, professional help is necessary. Stress This period of life presents children with many unique stresses. Some, such as fears, are innate and stem from preschoolers' unique understanding of the world. Others are imposed, such as beginning school. Expression of frustration, fear, or anxiety is further exacerbated by inadequate expressive language To help parents deal with stress in their child's life, they must be aware of signs of stress and help to identify the source The best approach to dealing with stress is prevention Structuring children's schedules to allow rest and preparing them for change Speech Problems During this period children The most critical period for are using their rapidly speech development occurs growing vocabulary faster between 2 and 4 years of than they can produce the age words This dysfluency in speech This failure to master pattern is a normal sensorimotor integrations characteristic of language results in stuttering or development in children 2 stammering to 5 years old The best therapy for speech problems is prevention and early detection Speech Problems (Cont….) Children pressured Prevention involves Referral for further into producing discussing with evaluation and sounds ahead of parents the usual treatment may be their developmental achievement of necessary level may develop speech production dyslalia during childhood Promoting optimum health during the preschool years Nutrition Sleep and rest Dental health Safety promotion and injury prevention Nutrition In general, preschoolers consume only slightly more than toddlers, or about half an adult's portion The requirement for calories per unit of body weight continues to decrease Fluid requirements may also decrease slightly to about 100 mL/kg daily The protein requirements are 1.2 g/kg, for an average daily consumption of 24 g A diet that is moderately reduced in fat may be recommended for healthy preschool children Nutrition (Cont….) Milk and dairy The amount of fruit products are juice intake should excellent sources not exceed 6 of calcium (500 ounces per for mg) and vitamin D children ages 1 to 6 Sleep and Rest v The average preschooler sleeps about 12 hours a night and infrequently takes daytime naps v Waking during the night is common v Appropriate and consistent bedtime, nap schedule, and bedtime routine can help prevent and treat common sleep problems and night waking Dental health v Trauma to teeth during this period is common, and prompt evaluation by a dentist is warranted if oral trauma occurs v Dental care is essential to preserve these temporary teeth and to teach good dental habits v Although preschoolers' fine motor control is improved, they still require assistance and supervision v Professional care and prophylaxis, especially fluoride supplements, should be continued Safety Promotion & Injury Prevention ü Because of improved gross and fine motor skills, coordination, and balance, preschoolers are less prone to falls than are toddlers ü Listen more to parental rules, and are aware of potential dangers, such as hot objects, sharp instruments, and dangerous heights ü Putting objects in the mouth as part of exploration has all but ceased, although accidental poisoning is still a danger and playground injuries increase ü Pedestrian motor vehicle injuries increase because of activities such as playing in parking lots, driveways, or streets; riding tricycles, bicycles, and other play vehicles; running after balls; or forgetting safety regulations when crossing streets Safety Promotion & Injury Prevention (Cont….) Education for safety and potential hazards, in addition to appropriate protection Previously focused on safeguarding the immediate environment, now the protective guardrails or electrical outlet caps may be substituted with verbal explanations This period is an excellent time to start enforcing the use of safety items such as bicycle helmets to prevent head trauma 5-2-1-0 Framework

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