Philippine Presidents Lecture Notes PDF

PHILIPPINE PRESIDENTS 1. Emilio Aguinaldo (1899 – 1901) § Started as a member of the Magdalo chapter of the Katipunan then was elected president at the revolutionary government at the Tejeros Convention, and later, Biak-na-Bato Republic. § Youngest president at age of 28. 2...

PHILIPPINE PRESIDENTS 1. Emilio Aguinaldo (1899 – 1901) § Started as a member of the Magdalo chapter of the Katipunan then was elected president at the revolutionary government at the Tejeros Convention, and later, Biak-na-Bato Republic. § Youngest president at age of 28. 2. Manuel L. Quezon (1935 – 1944) § First Filipino president of the Commonwealth under American Rule. § Known as the “Father of the National Language”. § Initiated women’s suffrage in the Philippines. § 1st senate president elected as the president of Philippines. § Died in tuberculosis at New York. 3. Jose P. Laurel (1943 – 1945) § President of the 2nd Republic and known as the “Puppet president”. § Established Lyceum of the Philippines. § Government caretaker during World War II. 4. Sergio Osmena, Sr. (1944 – 1946) § 2nd Philippine president during the Commonwealth. § 1st Filipino National leader under the American regime who became as the speaker of the Philippine Assembly. § Vice-president during Quezon’s regime. 5. Manuel Roxas (1946-1948) § Last President of the Commonwealth and First president of the Third republic § Reconstruction and Rehabilitation  § Signed the Treaty of General Relations- based on this treaty, the United States withdrew and surrendered all rights of supervision, control or sovereignty over the Philippines § Signed the PARITY RIGHTS § Parity Rights- grant US citizens and corporations the same rights as Filipinos in the utilization and exploitation of Philippine natural resources. § Military Base Agreement- gave US free use of 23 base sites for 99 years (shortened to 25 years in 1959) renewable in the expiration of the treaty. 6. Elpidio Quirino (1948-1953) § First President from Ilocos Region (Ilocos Sur) § Two principal objectives: economic reconstruction restoration of people’s trust and confidence in the government § Minimized with the Huk problem with the help of Defense Secretary Ramon Magsaysay. § Established (LASEDECO Law Settlement and Development Corp.) for landless farmers. § Created the President’s Action Committee on Social Amelioration (PACSA) and the Agricultural Credit Cooperatives Financing Administration (ACCFA) to help farmers in marketing their crops. § Established rural banks to provide credit facilities in the barrios § Total Economic Mobilization Program- to employ natural resources, manpower, and technical knowledge for economics progress. § FATHER OF INDUSTRIALIZATION 7. Ramon Magsaysay (1953 – 1957) § Known as the Man of the Masses (Little Man) § Promised to give common tao justice. § Taruc unconditionally surrendered after four months of negotiations § First president who wore BARONG TAGALOG during his inauguration. § First president to open MALACANAÑG to the public. § Died in a fatal airplane crash at Mt. Manunggal in Cebu on March 17, 1957 § Presidency referred to as Golden Years due to lack of corruption. § Said “THOSE WHO HAVE LESS IN LIFE SHOULD HAVE MORE IN LAW” 8. Carlos P. Garcia (1957 – 1961) § Remembered for his Filipino First Policy and Austerity Program. § Famous of his “Filipino First” policy- the policy gave priority to Filipinos over foreigners in the acquisition of land and capital in the operation of business, trade and industry. § Austerity Program-involves temperate spending, less imports,  and less extravagant consumption § He was among the founders of Association for Southeast Asia, precursor of the ASEAN. § Known as the “Prince of Visayan Poets” and “Bard from Bohol.” § First president that was buried in the LIBINGAN NG MGA BAYANI. 9. Diosdado Macapagal (1961 – 1965) § “Poor boy from Lubao” § Moved the Independence Day from July 4 to June 12. § Established Land Bank of the Philippines to support the country’s agrarian reform program § THE HARRY STONEHILL SCANDAL 10. Ferdinand Marcos (1965 – 1986) § 1st and only president in the 4th Philippine Republic. § First President from Ilocos Norte § Promised to make this country Great Again, ruled for 20 years § Only president to be reelected for a second term § First president who took his oath in native language § Work for the changing of 1935 constitution and result was the constitution of 1973 providing for a parliamentary government. § Declared Martial Law in 1972, by virtue of Proclamation No. 1081 because of the deteriorating peace and order in the country. § Abolished congress upon the declaration of Martial Law. § The latter part of his regime was popularly known as dictatorship. Benigno Aquino was assassinated in 1983 which generate protest and demonstration that culminated in the EDSA Revolution were the People’s Power was manifested. This put to an end for 20 years rule of Ferdinand Marcos, Corazon Aquino, widow of Benigno Aquino assumed the presidency in February 25, 1986. 11. Corazon C. Aquino (1986 – 1992) § First woman President of the Philippines and Asia § Mother / Icon of Democracy § Restored democracy by: ü Holding elections for congress and local government ü framed and ratified constitution of 1987 ü Restored freedom of the press and speech § Released political prisoner § Worked for economic recovery § Presidential Commission on Good Government (PCGG) was  created to recover the ill- gotten wealth taken by corrupt government officials § Convened a Constitutional Commission that drafted the Philippine Constitution which was ratified by the people on Feb.2,1987. 12. Fidel V. Ramos (1992 – 1997) § Known for his Philippines 2000 which is meant to make the Philippines an economically developed county. § Restored economic growth and stability of the country. § Philippine Stock Exchange became an international favorite during his presidency § Signed peace agreement with the Rebel Moro National Liberation Front 13. Joseph E. Estrada (1998 – 2001) § Known for his “Erap Para sa Mahirap” program, which focuses on alleviating the socio- economic conditions of the poor. § Flagship: Jeep Ni Erap § He RESIGNED before he got impeached. People Power II took place when the senators voted not to open an envelope containing the evidences against him. § Was pro-poor but was overthrown in an EDSA II People Power Revolution in 2001 due to plunder. 14. Gloria Macapagal Arroyo (2001 – 2010) § 2nd female president who oversaw road and infrastructure improvements with higher economic growth than presidents before her. § In her term, peso became the best-performing currency of the year in Asia in 2007. § Implemented eVAT law. § Flagship: “Strong Republic” § A controversial leader who resisted several military coups. She assumed the presidency after the resignation of Joseph Estrada in 2000 and maintained power for 10 years. § HELLO GARCIA SCANDAL § Different corruption issues such as fertilizer scam, ZTE broadband deal, involvement in jueteng by Congressman Arroyo, among others. 15. Benigno Simeon C. Aquino III (2010 – 2016) § A fourth-generation politician and won in the 1st ever automated election. § Created the No Wang-Wang (street siren) policy. § Initiated K-12 Education. § Flagship:“Daang Matuwid” 16. Rodrigo “Rody” Roa Duterte § 1st Mindanaon to hold office and the oldest person to assume Philippine presidency. § Longest serving mayors in the country, serving 7 terms totaling 21 years in Office. § Famous on his War on Drugs. § Flagship: “Change is Coming!” § The 16th President of the Philippines, and Chairman of the Association of the South East Asian Nations for 2017. § Battle of Marawi also known as the Marawi Seige was a five-month- long armed conflict in Marawi, Lanao del Sur, that started on 23 May 2017 § He declared Martial Law by the Virtue of Proclamation #216 § RA 10963- Tax Reform for Acceleration and Inclusion 17. BongBong Marcos § 17th President of the Philippines § Flagship: UNITY § KADIWA Program: Provides inexpensive, fresh, and high-quality food commodities directly to low-income families. § Agrarian Emancipation Act: Erases debt for more than 600,000 beneficiaries. § Build Better More Program: Infrastructure development covering various sectors; aims for 194 projects. § Food Stamp Program (FSP): Provides PH₱3,000 in monthly food credits via electronic benefit cards to the million most food-poor Filipinos. § Balik-Scientist Program: Encourages Filipino scientists abroad to return and undertake research in the country. § eGov PH app: (DIGITALIZATION) Centralized mobile app for key government services. § MATATAG Agenda: Focuses on curriculum reforms, provision of education facilities and services, learner’s welfare, and support programs for teachers. § Mega-Bridge Program: Construction of 12 bridges to connect islands and areas separated by waters. § Luzon Spine Expressway Network: To reduce travel time between Ilocos and Bicol. § Maharlika Investment Fund: Pools underutilized government funds for high-impact and profitable investments, particularly in infrastructure.  CONTEMPORARY WORLD 1. Globalization as a condition is called ______. a. Globalism b. Globality c. Globalization d. Globalist 2. Which is a multi-dimensional phenomenon involving politics, economics, culture, ideology, environment, and technology that denotes the expansion and intensification of social relations and consciousness across world-time and world-space? a. Globalization b. Internationalization c. Liberalization d. Universalization 3. A foreign car manufacturing industry can add to the ECONOMIC development of a struggling country, bringing much-needed jobs. This is an example of ______. a. Economic globalization b. Political globalization c. Cultural globalization d. Technological globalization 4. The presence of Filipino fans of the Korean K-pop band BTS is an example of ____. a. Economic globalization b. Political globalization c. Ecological globalization d. Cultural globalization 5. China’s vaccine DIPLOMACY with the Philippines and Thailand illustrates ______. a. Economic globalization b. Political Globalization c. Cultural globalization d. Technological globalization 6. A TAX levied by a government on imports or occasionally exports for purposes of protection, support of the balance of payments, or the raising of revenue is called ____. a. Tariff b. Capital c. Revenue d. Interest 7. The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) is an example of ____. a. Open regionalism b. Closed regionalism  c. Mixed regionalism d. Interstate regionalism 8. The term use identify a massive increase in births following World War 2. a. Generalization Z b. Millennials c. Generation X D. Baby Boomers 9. Due to frequent changes in oil prices and exchange rates, the government stops intervening in controlling oil price management to allow market forces to be flexible and efficient. This practice illustrates _____. a. Privatization b. Deregulation c. Protectionism d. Liberalization 10. Which term refers to someone who has fled from his/her home country and sought protection in another country? a. Labor migrants b. Emigrants c. Refugee d. Immigrants