LECTURE FunMed Anatomy an introduction to the skeleton muscles and movement.pptx
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FunMed Anatomy e Skeleton, Joints, Muscles and Movemen Dr D Sunnucks Identify and name Learnin g outcom es Identify Describe Understan d Identify and name some of the bones according to size shape Identify types of joints between bones and bones and muscles Describe the movement of joint...
FunMed Anatomy e Skeleton, Joints, Muscles and Movemen Dr D Sunnucks Identify and name Learnin g outcom es Identify Describe Understan d Identify and name some of the bones according to size shape Identify types of joints between bones and bones and muscles Describe the movement of joint types Understand the role of fascia as a protective layer between compartments Demonstra Demonstrate normal movements of te the musculoskeletal system Anatomical language...... terms of movement Tens E A b x d o t u cti r e nsion Supin o n a ti o n n o i n t o i c x e n u fl r o d e i p x y m H e l u ntern F Circ Adducti al/ m e on dial r o t at i o n ti o n i s Hyperextension o p p O Elevation Extern a n l / o i l a t t a e n r o a r l rotati P Depression on Anatomical language.... name and movement Flexor digitoru m Abductor pollicis brevis Extensor digitoru m Anatomical language.... muscle shapes & bony structures Splen ius - b E p i c andag ondyl Deltoid – like delta Fossa e - pro e -shallo j ec w h d branc s u Ram epress ion ti o n n ear a c ond Serr atus Orbis circle us – hol - ser low or a rated a – spaceGr Fissure Condyl aci li e - knu t li s s d i ckle o b s m o l h e r nder eus d i Mall o b om e F Rh oramen u Mall eolu s – hamm s–s er mall P Spine - long projection ecti ham Platys - flat nate me comb Crest - border or d i o z e p a l r t i k s e ridge Trapeziu i ty s o r e Tuberosity – swelling or lump ll tub a m s cle r e b Tu Facet smooth Ter Pyramidal - pyramid flat arti es cular su rfarco e P u i n r o i n i f orm d roject p l p l e a ar-shap - sm e c n ed e Emin - openin g Anatomical language… muscle shapes Deltoid muscle Name muscles 1 and 2 1 Rhomboi 2 Trapezius Role of the Skeleton: Locomotion/support Two fundamental divisions of the skeleton • Axial skeleton • Support and protection • Appendicular skeleton • Locomotion • Joints between bones • Muscles move bones by acting on joints Are we ready Get into groups around the skeletons Skeleton Axial skeleton • • • • Skull Ribs Sternum Vertebrae Axial Skeleton: Skull Axial Skeleton: Thorax • True ribs 1-7 • False ribs 8-10 • Floating ribs 11-12 • Sternum • Manubrium • Body • Xiphoid process Axial Skeleton: Vertebral Column Which bones make up the axial skeleton ? Skeleton Appendicul ar Skeleton: Upper Limb • Pectoral girdle – clavicle, scapula • Humerus – arm • Radius and ulna – forearm • Carpals (8) – wrist • Metacarpals – hand • Phalanges – fingers Appendicul ar Skeleton: Lower Limb • • • • • • Pelvic girdle – pelvis Femur – thigh Tibia and fibula – leg Tarsals (7) – ankle Metatarsals – foot Phalanges – toes Joint Classification 1 – Functional • Functional classification (range of movement) • synarthrosis – permits little or no mobility. • amphiarthrosis – permits slight mobility. • diarthrosis – freely movable Joint Classification 2 – Structural Structural – connective tissue and presence or absence of a synovial (joint) cavity Joints Structural – Fibrous Joints Functional – most are synarthroses – immovable Structural – Cartilaginous Joints Functional – synarthroses and amphiarthroses Structural – Synovial Joints Typical Synovi al Joint Joint capsule Synovial Joints Functional – diarthroses – freely moveable Synovial Joints Acromion of scapula Synovial Joints Name another hinge joint Synovial Joints Synovial Joints Synovial Joints Synovial Joints Joint Classification 2 – Structural Joints Cartilaginous Fibrous Synchondroses (1 ) Suture Gomphosis Pivot Ball and socket Synovial Symphyses (2 ) Syndesmosis Condyloid Saddle Hinge Plane Muscles & Fascia Skeletal Muscles • Move bones *movement* • Hold bones in place *posture* • Muscles attach to bones directly or indirectly via tendons, and fascia • Can also attach to: • organs – eye • skin – face Muscles Anterior and Posterior Muscle names (Latin and Greek) are related to: • Function/movement – flexor carpi radialis and abductor digiti minimi • Bones they attached to or act on – sternocleidomastoid • Length/size – adductor longus, adductor brevis, and gluteus maximus • Shape/form – biceps, triceps and deltoid Fascia • Superficial fascia – forms part of subcutaneous tissue • Mainly loose areolar connective tissue – forms body shape • Deep fascia – surrounds and separates muscles, compartments and neurovascular bundles • Permits movement Deep Fascia • Groups of muscles with similar functions with the same nerve supply are located in fascial compartments • Attach to ridges on the bones blending with the • Superficial Deep Superfici periosteum fascia fascia al fascia • Loose connective tissue • Subcutaneous layer • Deep fascia • Tough dense fibrous membrane • Encloses muscular compartments Interosseo us membrane Deep fasci a Tibia Superfici al fascia Role of the Muscular Compartments Help stabilise joints aiding the ligaments around joints Role of the Muscular Compartments • Relatively unyielding fascia limits the outward expansion of the contracting muscles • Force of muscle contraction directed towards the skeleton • Deep veins compressed so blood is pumped upwards • Helped by valves within veins so flow is only in one direction Which type of fascia makes up the intermuscular septa? • Deep fascia – surrounds and separates muscles, compartments and neurovascular bundles Skeletal movements Movements: Flexion v Extension Movements: Abduction v Adduction; Medial v Lateral Rotation; Circumduction flexion, extension, abduction and adduction Movements: Pronation v Supination; Dorsiflexion v Plantarflexion; Inversion v Eversion Movements: Protusion v Retrusion; Elevation v Depression Quick Quiz
