Lecture 8 Study Guide 2023 - Periodontal Histoanatomy PDF

Study Guide for PDL and Alveolar Bone Histo Anatomy Lecture 1. Using a histologic image, identify and name the following periodontal and dental tissues: alveolar bone, periodontal ligament, cementum, dentin. 2. What developmental tissue is the PDL derived from? Dental Follicle Fib...

Study Guide for PDL and Alveolar Bone Histo Anatomy Lecture 1. Using a histologic image, identify and name the following periodontal and dental tissues: alveolar bone, periodontal ligament, cementum, dentin. 2. What developmental tissue is the PDL derived from? Dental Follicle Fibroblasts -> PDL Fibers 3. Of the 5 Periodontal Ligament (PDL) fiber groups, which PDL fiber group primarily absorbs occlusal forces? Alveolar Crest Horizontal Oblique ○ Absorb occlusal forces Interradicular Apical  4. Periodontal Ligament (PDL): Describe what Sharpey’s Fibers do and identify them on a histologic image or diagram. What is the function of Epithelial Rest Cells of Malassez? Sharpey’s fibers are found in alveolar bone and cementum ○ They are the ends of the PDL fibers that are embedded in the alveolar bone and the cementum ○ Provide strong attachment ○  ○ Epithelial Rest Cells of Malassez are found in the PDL near the cementum ○ Constantly release Epithelial Growth Factor (EGF) Stimulate osteoclasia on the periodontal bone surface, promoting maintenance of periodontal space  ○ ○ 5. What extracellular matrix component of the PDL provides the PDL with viscoelastic properties?  Collagen fibers, primarily type I and type III collagen. 6. Identify bundle bone on a histologic image. ○ 7. Developmentally, name the cartilage that ossifies through intramembraneous ossification, to help form the mandible ○ Meckel's cartilage serves as a template in the early formation of the mandible. However, the mandible itself primarily forms through intramembranous ossification directly in the surrounding mesenchyme, rather than by ossification of Meckel's cartilage. 8. Describe the sequence of the formation of alveolar bone: when does alveolar bone formation occur in relation to tooth, root, and PDL development? ○ Tooth and alveolar bone form at the same time ○ Alveolar bone starts forming with the formation of the tooth, grows with the root, connects with the PDL, and keeps adapting after the tooth erupts. 9. Histologically, identify more dense cortical bone and identify less dense trabecular bone ○ ○ 10. What important cells line the inner layer of the periosteum that are in contact with the alveolar bone? ○ Inner Periosteum: Osteoblasts ○ Outer Periosteum: Neuro-vascular tissue and Fibroblasts 11. What happens to the alveolar bone of the maxilla and mandible in a patient who has lost all their teeth, even if they are wearing a denture or partial denture, but do not have dental implants placed in their jaws? ○ In a patient who has lost all their teeth and is wearing a denture or partial denture without dental implants, the alveolar bone in the maxilla and mandible gradually resorbs over time. This bone loss  happens because, without natural teeth or implants to provide stimulation through chewing forces, the bone lacks the signals necessary to maintain its density and volume. Study Guide for Gingiva Histoanatomy Lecture 1. During tooth eruption, how is the Junctional Epithelium formed? ○ Formed during tooth eruption by the fusion of the oral epithelium (OE) and the reduced enamel epithelium (REE). 2. According to the literature, what is the average width of the Junctional Epithelium attachment, and what is the average width of the Gingival Connective Tissue Attachment. ○ Width of JE attachment: 1mm ○ Width of Gingival Connective Tissue Attachment: 1mm ○ 2mm space total ○ 3. Is the located Gingival Connective Tissue Attachment located coronal to or apical to the junctional epithelium attachment? ○ Gingival connective tissue attachment is APICAL to JE 4. Identify the location of the sulcular and junctional epithelium on a histologic image and/or diagram. Is the sulcular epithelium located coronal to or apical to the junctional epithelium? ○ Sulcular epithelium is located CORONAL to JE  ○ 5. What structure attaches the Junctional Epithelium to tooth enamel? Does this structure also attach the Gingival Epithelium to the underlying connective tissue? ○ JE is attached to the enamel via the internal basal lamina and hemidesmosomes ○ Yes, gingival epithelium is also attached to the underlying connective tissue via hemidesmosomes i. But this is attached by the EXTERNAL basal lamina 6. Describe the unique feature of the Junctional Epithelium’s attachment apparatus. ○ JE is SSNK epithelium ○ It is a critical periodontal attachment apparatus ○ UNIQUE INTERNAL & EXTERNAL BASAL Lamina i. Internal basal lamina attaches enamel to JE ii. External basal lamina attached JE to underlying connective tissue 7. Recession is a loss of attached gingiva and an exposure of the root surface - what other periodontal structure is lost, as a result of recession? ○ Recession is reduced or lack of keratinized attached gingiva ○ Recession can lead to alveolar bone loss over time. When the gingiva recedes, the loss of the protective gingival tissue and Junctional Epithelium attachment often results in the gradual loss of the underlying alveolar bone. 8. Name the principle cell type in gingival epithelium. ○ Gingival epithelium develops from ectoderm ○ The principle cell type is Keratinocytes i. Forms keratinized stratified squamous epithelium ○ 9. Which blood vessel provides the main blood supply to the gingiva? ○ Supraperiosteal Artery i. Provides MAIN Blood supply to the GINGIVA