Lecture 7 - Effective Communication PDF

Summary

This lecture covers effective communication, including communication across cultures, virtual team work, and the use of technology in communication.

Full Transcript

COMMUNICATION Dr. Aruba Sharif LEARNING OUTCOMES FOR TODAY: Understand what communication is Consider the issues with communicating across cultures Analyse communication issues of virtual (team)work Develop effective communication skills COMMUNICATION The transfer and unde...

COMMUNICATION Dr. Aruba Sharif LEARNING OUTCOMES FOR TODAY: Understand what communication is Consider the issues with communicating across cultures Analyse communication issues of virtual (team)work Develop effective communication skills COMMUNICATION The transfer and understanding of meaning through verbal and nonverbal messages COMMUNICATION Serves four major functions within a group or organization: Emotional Informatio Control Motivation Expression n COMMUNICATION PROCESS Formal Channels Established by an organization to transmit messages related to the professional activities of members Informal channels Created spontaneously and that emerge as responses to individual choices COMMUNICATION PROCESS: CHANNELS OF COMMUNICATION [Symbolic] Road signs [Written] E-mail [Oral] Telephone [NVC] Face to face COMMUNICATION PROCESS Sender Receiver Message Encodin Message Message Channel received decodin to be g sent Messag g e Noise Noise Feedback COMMUNICATION PROCESS: A CLOSER LOOK AT NOISE Origina Receiv l ed Noise messa messa ge ge Physical Psychological Social/cultural Background Semantics Mistranslatio noise Attention n Bad Perception Cultural connection differences Communication Process: A closer look at Noise I need volunteers please ☺ Chinese whispers 55-38-7 RATIO (MEHRABIAN, 1971) 55%: body language 38%: voice tone 7%: words TECHNOLOGY AND COMMUNICATION Use of technology to communicate  Efficiency  Distance The method you use is a part of your message Efficiency versus richness EFFICIENCY VS. RICHNESS Social presence theory (Rice, 1992)  To what extent can the sender be ‘felt’ in communication  Non-verbal cues lost  Words = 7% of meaning of message  Emoticons compensate for some of the loss of non-verbal meaning:☺ ☹ Media richness theory (Daft and Lengel, 1986)  Need for ‘presence’ contingent on message  Rich and lean communication  Choice depends on uncertainty and equivocality  E-mail vs. telephone; which is ‘richer’? EMOTICONS: WHAT DO THEY MEAN? TECHNOLOGY AND COMMUNICATION Discussion question: Text messaging is a common type of communication today. Do you believe that they really give the correct message or do they open the door for misinterpretation? GEOGRAPHICAL REACH Boundaryless working  “placeless organisations” ‘Closeness’ defined as the extent to which people are linked together through a network (Latour, 1997) Development of internet Technological advancements have contributed to globalisation WHAT ARE VIRTUAL TEAMS? Virtual teams (VTs) are defined as.... ‘...groups whose members have unique skills, who are situated in distant locations and who must collaborate using technology across time and space to accomplish their tasks’ Lipnack & Stamps (2000) Topic of your infographic poster: WE WILL COVER THIS IN TUTORIAL THIS WEEK!! A THEORY OF TEAM ‘VIRTUALITY’ 3 core dimensions:  VTs make more use of virtual tools  VTs make less use of synchronous communication (communication occurs asynchronously, picking up each other’s emails at different times)  VTs require less informational richness in their communication 3 input factors determine the level of team virtuality:  Higher number of boundaries to be crossed ( e.g. organizational, geographic, time zones)  Lower proportion of co-located members  Greater team size Kirkman & Mathieu (2005) WHY GO VIRTUAL? Rapid developments and information and communication technology (ICT) Enables organisations to become agile, flexible and compete in the global marketplace Enables work across geographical, cultural, contextual and temporal boundaries Allows organisations to take advantage of the pool of global talent GLOBAL IMPLICATIONS Cultural barriers Barriers caused by semantics Barriers caused by word connotations Barriers caused by tone differences Barriers caused by differences among perceptions Cultural context High context vs. low context cultures GLOBAL IMPLICATIONS: AN ILLUSTRATION Can you think of any others, what about specifically in Qatar? https://www.rw-3.com/blog/global-interpretations- of-body-language-an-infographic GLOBAL IMPLICATIONS: SO WHAT CAN WE DO? Assume differences until similarity is proven Empathise description rather than interpretation or evaluation Practice empathy Treat your interpretations as a working hypothesis

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