Lecture 4 Applied Personality 2023-24 Student Copy PDF

Lecture 4 Personality and Applied Contexts DR SALLY QUINN INDEPENDENT READING: HAMPSON, S. E., GOLDBERG, L. R., VOGT, T. M., & DUBANOSKI, J. P. (2006). FORTY YEARS ON: TEACHERS' ASSESSMENTS OF CHILDREN'S PERSONALITY TRAITS PRED...

Lecture 4 Personality and Applied Contexts DR SALLY QUINN INDEPENDENT READING: HAMPSON, S. E., GOLDBERG, L. R., VOGT, T. M., & DUBANOSKI, J. P. (2006). FORTY YEARS ON: TEACHERS' ASSESSMENTS OF CHILDREN'S PERSONALITY TRAITS PREDICT SELF-REPORTED HEALTH BEHAVIORS AND OUTCOMES AT MIDLIFE. HEALTH PSYCHOLOGY, 25(1), 57. Learning Objectives To understand the role of Locus of Control and Self-efficacy in health related behaviours and outcomes To understand the role of trait and state anxiety in sports performance To understand the influence of Emotional Intelligence on the performance of individual sports people, teams and coaching staff Personality and Health Behaviours LOCUS OF CONTROL SELF-EFFICACY Health Psychology and Personality: HBM Health Psychology and Personality: TPB Theory of Planned Behaviour Recap on Locus of Control Rotter’s Locus of Control (learning theory approach) Internal – outcomes are under one’s control External– outcomes are under the control of external factors (e.g. luck) Multidimensional Locus of Control Internal – outcomes are under one’s control Powerful others – outcomes are under the control of powerful others (e.g. government) Chance – outcomes happen by chance (e.g. luck) Multidimensional Health LoC Scale (Wallston & Wallston, 1978) Three subscales to represent the three LoC factors 1. Internal Health Locus of Control “The main thing which affects my health is what I do myself” 2. Powerful Others Health Locus of Control “Regarding my health, I can only do what my doctor tells me to do” [“The type of help I receive from other people determines how soon my condition improves” – 4 factor scale] 3. Chance Health Locus of Control “No matter what I do, if I am going to get sick, I will get sick”  HLoC and Adherence to Diabetes Regime Morowatisharifabad et al (2009) N=120 Diabetic patients (Iranian) HLoC scale developed specifically relating to diabetes (Ferraro et al., 1987) I: “If I take the right actions, I can keep my diabetes under control” PO: “Having regular contact with my doctor is the best way for me to keep my diabetes under control” C: “ If it’s meant to be, my diabetes will stay under control” Adherence to Diabetes regime: Diabetes self-care activities scale How many in the past 7 days have you adhered to… e.g. healthy diet/insulin injections Results showed that only Internal HLoC was positively related to sticking to the diabetes regime. Chance and Powerful others - NS Meta-analysis: HLoC and Health Outcomes and Behaviours, (Cheung et al 2016) Internal HLoC associated with: Powerful others HLoC associated with: Lower levels of alcohol consumption Greater degree of exercise and healthy diet Higher levels of physical quality of life Higher levels of depression and Higher levels of mental and anxiety physical quality of life Chance HLoC associated with: Lower levels of depression and Poor diet anxiety Smoking Lower mental and physical quality of life Higher levels of depression and anxiety Associations between other factors and HLoC later on in life (Jacobs-Lawson et al., 2011) N=259 (115m, 139f, 5 not reported), Mage 65.77 yrs (SD 6.72) Collected data via questionnaires on: Demographic info (e.g. marital status) HLoC Number of ailments or diseases Medication use Comparative self-rated health (state of health compared to others) Future time perspective (e.g. following advice for future gains) Health self-efficacy (confidence in managing own health) Health risk-aversion (aversion to taking risks that affect health)  Associations between other factors and HLoC (Jacobs-Lawson et al., 2011): RESULTS Internal β Powerful others β Chance β Age.08.15*.13 Sex -.04 -.01.01 Education -.16* -.17*.04 Marital Status (married/single) -.04.15*.01 Comparative self-rated health.32* -.05 -.07 N of ailments.08.16* -.24* N of medications -.16.06 -.01 Future time perspective -.08.01 -.43* Health self-efficacy.14* -.02 -.01 Health Risk -.06 -.25*.15* * p