CSS 1210 Lecture 3: APA Style Guide PDF

Writing & Communication Skills for community & social services CSS 1210 Lecture 3  What we will talk about APA (American Psychological Association) Style Basics Discussion of Annotated Bilbiography (looking forward to the Introductory Paragraph & Annotated B...

Writing & Communication Skills for community & social services CSS 1210 Lecture 3  What we will talk about APA (American Psychological Association) Style Basics Discussion of Annotated Bilbiography (looking forward to the Introductory Paragraph & Annotated Bibliography assignment) Grammar Tune-Up: Sentences and Sentence Errors  Introduction APA Style Grammar Tune-Up: The Parts of Speech Purdue OWL APA Style Guide online: https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/research_and_ci tation/apa_style/apa_formatting_and_style_g uide/general_format.html APA Style Always use 12 pt font, double spaced. You may use Ariel font, but Times Roman font is preferred. APA style papers must have a title page You must use a running head (shortened title in caps left justified, and page number right justified, on every page including the title page) Every page must be double spaced, with.5” borders This example is from the Purdue OWL APA Style guide (ignore the blue highlighting) https://onedrive.live.com/View.a spx?resid=9E1D26621EA2350E !947&wdEmbedFS=1&authkey= !ANKxRgwSUHfwXcQ APA in-text citation guidelines Paraphrase or summary Last name of author, comma, then year of publication in round brackets People from the Mediterranean prefer an elbow-to-shoulder distance from each other (Morris, 1977, p. 8). Desmond Morris (1977) notes that people from the Mediterranean prefer an elbow-to-shoulder distance from each other (p. 8). Period AFTER round bracket APA in-text citation guidelines Note that quotations should be integrated into your own prose. Short Quotation Author last name, comma, year, comma, p. then page number in round brackets A recent report of reductions in SAD-related “depression in 87 percent of patients” (Binkley, 1990, p. 203) reverses the findings of earlier studies. Once again, period always AFTER round bracket Binkley (1990) reports reductions in SAD-related “depression in 87 percent of patients” (p. 203).  APA in-text citation guidelines Long Quotations (with APA, this means more than forty words) Jet lag, with its characteristic fatigue and irregular sleep patterns, is a common problem among those who travel great distances by jet airplane to different time zones. As Bonner (1991) points out in his landmark study, [j]et lag syndrome is the inability of the internal body, rhythm to rapidly resynchronize after sudden shifts in the timing. For a variety of reasons, the system attempts to maintain stability and resist temporal change. Consequently, complete adjustment can often be delayed for several days— sometimes for a week—after arrival at one’s destination. (p. 72) Notice that the PERIOD is after the quoted text in longer quotations, not after the round bracket. APA in-text citation guidelines Mention all authors, separated by the short version of Two Authors “and” (&). One report describes 2123 occurrences (Krell & Cooper, 1994). The results that Krait and Cooper (1994) report would not support the conclusions Davis and Sherman (1992) draw in their review of the literature. Use regular word “and” within the prose of your sentence APA in-text citation guidelines Three or More Authors Elliott et al. (1992) includes 17 authors whose work has never been anthologized. These injuries can lead to an inability to perform athletically, in addition to initiating degenerative changes at the joint level (Mandelbaum et al., 2005). A large number of authors is common in scientific publications, which often involve large lab teams to carry out experiments. The order in which the authors are listed is not alphabetical, but according to rank within the research team. APA in-text citation guidelines Works Listed by Title or by an Unknown Author Scientists group people as “larks” or “owls” on the basis of whether individuals are more efficient in the morning or at night (“Are You,” 1989). Title in quotations, unless it is a book title, which would be italicized. Comma inside last quotation. APA in-text citation guidelines More Than One Source Scientists group people as “larks” or “owls” on the basis of whether individuals are more efficient in the morning or at night (“Are You,” 1989; Classification, 1993; “Human Statistics,” 2002). Different citations are separated by a semicolon APA in-text citation guidelines Personal Communications (interviews, letters, e-mails, and other personal communications) One camper said that “the proximity of 12 other kids made me—an only child with older, quiet parents—frantic for eight weeks” (A. Weiss, personal communication, January 12, 2005). The source is not included in References list, however, cited in-text. APA in-text citation guidelines Online Sources in-text citations (Anderson, 2003, para. 14) (Migueis, 2002, Introduction, para. 1) If no page numbers provided, use the paragraph number (if available) and cite headings. APA in-text citation guidelines Indirect Sources in-text citations (Anderson, 2003, as cited in Smith, 2003, p. 102) It’s important to be transparent about where you found an original reference, as this will add context to how your reader is understanding the usage of the reference.  The References List always starts on a new page after the APA References List last page of your essay, entitled Book by One Author References (centered & bolded, at the top of the page) Trudeau, P.E. (1968). Federalism and French Canadians. Toronto: Macmillan Canada. FORMATTING: Always double- spaced,.5” borders, 12 pt Times Roman Note: The date is in round brackets after font (like the rest of the author’s name. The last name of the the essay), but with author always comes first (the each entry, the first References List is ordered alphabetically, line is left justified, or chronologically with works by the The title of a book is italicized. and the second and same author). You need to give the last The first letter of the first word of a title is all subsequent lines name and first initials for all authors of a capitalized, as well as words after of an entry are particular work, up to 20 authors. colons, dashes, or words that are proper indented.5” nouns. APA References List Book by Two Authors Scardamalia, M., & Trudeau, P.E. (1968). Federalism and the French Canadians. Toronto: Macmillan Canada. APA References List Book by Three or More Authors Bereiter, C., Scardamalia, M., & Trudeau, P.E. (1968). Federalism and the French Canadians. Toronto: Macmillan Canada. (over 20 authors…) AFTER LISTING THE FIRST TWENTY AUTHORS PUT, et. al. (1968). Federalism and the French Canadians. Toronto: Macmillan Canada. APA References List Two or More Books by the Same Author Trudeau, P.E. (1968). Federalism and the French Canadians. Toronto: Macmillan Canada. Trudeau, P.E. (1971). Those Quebecois are At It Again. Toronto: Macmillan Canada. Trudeau, P.E. (1981). Not Again! Separatism Still Here? Toronto: Macmillan Canada. List author’s name by chronological order of publication year. APA References List Book with Un-Named Author – list the title first Those Quebecois are At It Again. (1971). Toronto: Macmillan Canada. APA References List Book with Author and Editor Trudeau, P.E. (n.d.). Not Again! Separatism Still Here? (A. E. Newman, Ed.). Toronto: Toronto University Press. This book has no publication date APA References List Book with Author and Translator Trudeau, P.E. (1981). Not Again! Separatism Still Here? (S. Fischman, Trans.). Toronto: Toronto University Press. Trans. goes after the name. APA References List Work with Several Volumes or Parts Trudeau, P.E. (Ed.). (2004). Not Again! Separatism Still Here? (Vols. 1-4). Toronto: Toronto University Press. APA References List Signed Article in Weekly or Bi-Weekly Periodical Johnson, B.D. (2007, November 26). Why six Dylans are better than one. Maclean’s, pp. 43-46. Title of the journal is italicized Include the day, as well as Monthly or Bi-Monthly Periodical the month of the issue. Langewiesche, W. (2003, September). Anarchy at sea. The Atlantic, 292(2), pp. 50-80. Title of the article is normal font Notice italicized volume number APA References List Article in an Academic Journal Adler-Kassner, L., & Estrem, H. (2003). Rethinking research writing: Public literacy in the composition classroom. WPA: Writing Program Administration, 26(3), pp. 119-131. Notice that, unlike MLA style, in APA style you don’t put the name of the article in parenthesis. APA References List Lecture Moore, Dr. Don. (2015, October 19). Lecture. Basics of APA style usage presented to Students of FCSS 1210, University of Guelph-Humber, Toronto. APA References List Motion Picture Hitchcock, Alfred. (Director). (1998). Psycho. [DVD]. (Original motion picture released 1960) Or, [Motion picture] if you viewed the original film. In that case, you don’t need the last line in round brackets. APA References List Computer Software or Video Game Splinter Cell: Chaos theory. (2005). [Video game]. Montreal: Ubisoft. APA References List Online copies of Academic Journal Articles: At the end of the citation, include a Digital Object Identifier (DOI), when it is available, as opposed to the URL. Drollinger, T., Comer, L. B., & Warrington, P. T. (2006). Development and validation of the active empathetic listening scale. Psychology & Marketing, 23(2), pp. 61-180. https://doi.org/10.1002/mar.20105 Personal or Professional Site on the Web Lastname, F. M. (Year, Month Date). Title of page. Site name. URL Hesse, D. (2005, November 22). Home page. http://www.ilstu.edu/~ddhesse/  Annotated Bibliographies Same basic format as an APA style bibliography or References list, but with an extra annotation paragraph, or paragraphs, after each entry. Annotation is indented TWO TAB STOPS (so, an extra.5” past the hanging indent after the entry), and is placed immediately after the bibliographical entry. With a single paragraph annotation, the first line of the annotation is not indented an extra.5”. For annotations of two or more paragraphs, the first line of each annotation paragraph is indented an extra.5”. Annotated bibliographies usually include an introductory paragraph, which serve to cohere the rest of the annotated bibliography. For our Introductory Paragraph & Annotated Bibliography Assignment, the opening paragraph will be a draft of the introductory thesis paragraph of your final essay project. Examples Grammar tune-up Sentence Structure Clauses and Phrases Clauses A subject and verb Combination. Examples: - (Independent) He climbed. (Subordinate) who climbed. (adjective.) - (Independent) She sang. (Subordinate) what she sang. (noun) - (Independent) I know. (Subordinate) when I know. (adverb) Phrase A group of related words with no subject-verb combination. They do the work of nouns, adjectives, or adverbs. Examples: down by the river over the mountain (prepositional phrase)  Types of Phrases Prepositional phrase—preposition (how something is done) + object (noun or pronoun) e.g. “I threw the ball behind the couch.” Participle phrase—contains participle (word derived from verb) “beautifully restored” Gerund phrase—(“after brushing my teeth”) starts with verb + ing which functions as a noun. Infinitive phrase—contains infinitive form of the verb (to sing; to perform; to do his work) Absolute phrase—noun/noun substitute + adjective or participle (My exam completed, I left) Common Sentence Errors Common Error: Agreement… Agreement SUBJECTS and VERBS (number). PRONOUNS and ANTECEDENTS. Agreement Types: Subject-Verb agreement: they must match in number. Pronoun-antecedent agreement: Dave = Him (not they)