Lecture 22 (Self-study) MED 308 Power Plant Engineering PDF

MED 308: Power Plant Engineering Lecture 22 (Self-study) 20 November 2024 MED 308: Power Plant Engineering Outline  Unit III: Diesel Engine and Gas Turbine Power Plants  Diesel engines and their types  Thermodynamic cycle  General layout and essential elements of the diesel...

MED 308: Power Plant Engineering Lecture 22 (Self-study) 20 November 2024 MED 308: Power Plant Engineering Outline  Unit III: Diesel Engine and Gas Turbine Power Plants  Diesel engines and their types  Thermodynamic cycle  General layout and essential elements of the diesel engine power plant  Typical applications, advantages and disadvantages  Gas turbine engines and their types  Thermodynamic cycle  Essential elements of a gas turbine power plant  Advantages and disadvantages of a gas turbine power plant MED 308: Power Plant Engineering | Lecture 22 | 20 November 2024 2 MED 308: Power Plant Engineering Unit III: Diesel & Gas Turbine Power Plants  Diesel Engines & their types  Named after Rudolf Diesel.  Also called a Compression Ignition Engine (CI Engine).  No spark plug is needed.  Types of Diesel Engine:  Four-stroke, two-stroke, horizontal, vertical, single, and multi-cylinder. Source: mechanicalbooster.com Source: mechaniclbooster.com Source: techsight.co MED 308: Power Plant Engineering | Lecture 22 | 20 November 2024 3 MED 308: Power Plant Engineering Unit III: Diesel & Gas Turbine Power Plants  Thermodynamic cycle  Air standard cycle – Diesel Cycle  Process 1-2: Isentropic Compression  Process 2-3: Constant pressure heat addition  Process 3-4: Isentropic expansion  Process 4-1: Constant volume heat rejection  Heat supplied, Q1 = Q2-3 = mcp (T3 – T2)  Heat rejected, Q2 = Q4-1 = mcv (T4 – T1)  Efficiency, η = 1 – (Q2/Q1) = 1 – [(T4 – T1) / γ(T3 – T2)] Source: mechanicalbooster.com MED 308: Power Plant Engineering | Lecture 22 | 20 November 2024 4 MED 308: Power Plant Engineering Unit III: Diesel & Gas Turbine Power Plants  Essential elements of a Diesel Engine Power Plant Source: electronicclinic.com MED 308: Power Plant Engineering | Lecture 22 | 20 November 2024 5 MED 308: Power Plant Engineering Unit III: Diesel & Gas Turbine Power Plants  Typical applications, advantages and disadvantages  Applications: Peak load plant (in combination with thermo or hydro plants), mobile load plant (large civil engineering works), standby unit, starting stations (starting a large steam power plant).  Advantages: Easy design and installation, less space, started and stopped quickly, less capital cost, easy, maintenance.  Disadvantages: High operating cost, restricted capacity (cannot be of big size), noise problem, cannot supply overload. MED 308: Power Plant Engineering | Lecture 22 | 20 November 2024 6 MED 308: Power Plant Engineering Unit III: Diesel & Gas Turbine Power Plants  Gas Turbine Engines & their types  Also called a Combustion Engine.  Converts gas or liquid fuels into mechanical energy.  Types of Gas Turbine Engine:  Open-cycle and closed-cycle Source: Thermodynamics by Cengel & Boles MED 308: Power Plant Engineering | Lecture 22 | 20 November 2024 7 MED 308: Power Plant Engineering Unit III: Diesel & Gas Turbine Power Plants  Thermodynamic cycle  Air standard cycle – Brayton Cycle or Joule Cycle  Process 1-2: Isentropic Compression  Process 2-3: Constant pressure heat addition  Process 3-4: Isentropic expansion  Process 4-1: Constant pressure heat rejection  Heat supplied, Q1 = Q2-3 = mcp (T3 – T2)  Heat rejected, Q2 = Q4-1 = mcp (T4 – T1)  Efficiency, η = 1 – (Q2/Q1) = 1 – [(T4 – T1) / (T3 – T2)] Source: wiki Source: youtube.com MED 308: Power Plant Engineering | Lecture 22 | 20 November 2024 8 MED 308: Power Plant Engineering Unit III: Diesel & Gas Turbine Power Plants  Essential elements of a Gas Turbine Power Plant Source: Power Plant Engineering by PK Nag MED 308: Power Plant Engineering | Lecture 22 | 20 November 2024 9 MED 308: Power Plant Engineering Unit III: Diesel & Gas Turbine Power Plants  Typical applications, advantages and disadvantages  Applications: Peak load plant (in combination with thermo or hydro plants), Remote power generation (gas turbine power plants are suitable for remote or isolated areas)  Advantages: Low Weight & Size: The weight of the powerplant per kW output is low. Fuel flexibility: Hydrocarbon fuel with high octane gasoline to heavy diesel can be used. Cooling Water: The requirement of cooling water is not much. The cost of installation and transmission loss is less.  Disadvantages: Highly sensitive to component efficiency, the efficiency depends on the ambient condition, work required by the compressor is large, and air & gas filters must be of very high quality. MED 308: Power Plant Engineering | Lecture 22 | 20 November 2024 10 MED 308: Power Plant Engineering Unit IV: Environmental and Economic Aspects of Power Plants  Pollutants from different power plants Fossil Fuels Diesel Power Plants Gas Turbine Nuclear Power Plant SO2 CO SO2 Radioactive release NOx HC NOx Radioactive waste CO2 SO2 CO2 Thermal Pollution Particulate Matter NOx HC Thermal Pollution CO2 Thermal Pollution Particulate matter & smoke MED 308: Power Plant Engineering | Lecture 22 | 20 November 2024 11 MED 308: Power Plant Engineering Unit IV: Environmental and Economic Aspects of Power Plants  Effects of Pollutants  Greenhouse Effect  Global Warming  Smog  Acid Rain  Damage to aquatic life Source: internetgeography.net Source: telegraphindia.com MED 308: Power Plant Engineering | Lecture 22 | 20 November 2024 12 MED 308: Power Plant Engineering Unit IV: Environmental and Economic Aspects of Power Plants  Environmental degradation due to hydro-power plant  Loss of wild lands, wetlands, and wildlife habitat.  Reduced biological activity downstream.  Anaerobic decomposition of vegetation & and production of greenhouse gases.  Water loss due to evaporation.  Blocks nutrient transport downstream.  Traps sediment, debris, and pollutants accumulate. Source: quora.com MED 308: Power Plant Engineering | Lecture 22 | 20 November 2024 13