Lecture 2 Proxemics PDF

CHAPTER 2 PROXEMICS ARCH 140 | Human Factors & the Built Environment 241 SEMESTER Ms. Wafa Alghamdi (Coordinator) - Ms Mariola Fernandez ARCH 140 | Human Factors & the Built Environment CHAPTER 2 PROXEMICS CHAPTER 1: Definition and Pioneer Distance Zones Privacy...

CHAPTER 2 PROXEMICS ARCH 140 | Human Factors & the Built Environment 241 SEMESTER Ms. Wafa Alghamdi (Coordinator) - Ms Mariola Fernandez ARCH 140 | Human Factors & the Built Environment CHAPTER 2 PROXEMICS CHAPTER 1: Definition and Pioneer Distance Zones Privacy Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Spaces 1 ARCH 140 | Human Factors & the Built Environment CHAPTER 2 PROXEMICS Definition of Proxemics Proxemics is the study of the relationship between humans in a particular culture and their use and perceptions of space. Designers examine the way people interact in order to better understand the social, physical, and psychological aspects of space. 2 ARCH 140 | Human Factors & the Built Environment CHAPTER 2 PROXEMICS Pioneer in Proxemics Edward T. Hall He is the founder of Proxemics, Edward T. Hall, Jr. was an American anthropologist and cross-cultural researcher. He is remembered for developing the concept of proxemics and exploring cultural and social cohesion and describing how people behave and react in different types of culturally defined personal space. See the Video 2 ARCH 140 | Human Factors & the Built Environment CHAPTER 2 PROXEMICS FIG. 3. Touch code. Published in 1963 A System for the Notation of Proxemic Behavior1 E. Hall 2 ARCH 140 | Human Factors & the Built Environment CHAPTER 2 PROXEMICS Pioneer in Proxemics It was helpful in proxemic research to THREE CATEGORIES OF SPACE be able to refer to the degree to which cultures treat. Proxemic features as fixed, semi-fixed, or dynamic (Hall 1963a, 1966). In general, walls and territorial boundaries are treated as fixed features. However, territory may be a seasonal affair, as it is with the migrating Bedouin of Syria, and therefore, territory is sometimes classified as semi-fixed or dynamic. Furniture can be either fixed or semi-fixed. 2 Table II. Interplay of Distant. Vol. 9. No. 2-3. April-June 1968 Current Anthropology E. Hall ARCH 140 | Human Factors & the Built Environment CHAPTER 2 PROXEMICS Pioneer in Proxemics E d wa r d T. Ha l l Thanks to his work, it was possible to record the discomfort of close talkers, quiet talkers, people with bad breath, personal space invaders, and every other personal interaction. 2 Kinesthesia is the awareness of the position and movement of the parts of the body by sensory organs in the muscles and joints. Thermal receptors are specialized nerve cells that are able to detect differences in temperature. Olfaction is the action or capacity of smelling; the sense of smell. Vision is the faculty or state of being able to see. Oral refers to speaking while Aural refers to hearing. Table I. Interplay of Distant. Vol. 9. No. 2-3. April-June 1968 Current Anthropology E. Hall ARCH 140 | Human Factors & the Built Environment CHAPTER 2 PROXEMICS Distance Zones The four spatial or social distance zones are: Intimate Personal Social Public 3 ARCH 140 | Human Factors & the Built Environment CHAPTER 2 PROXEMICS 4 ARCH 140 | Human Factors & the Built Environment CHAPTER 2 PROXEMICS Intimate Zone. 5 ARCH 140 | Human Factors & the Built Environment CHAPTER 2 PROXEMICS Personal Zone. 6 ARCH 140 | Human Factors & the Built Environment CHAPTER 2 PROXEMICS Social Zone. Informal 7 ARCH 140 | Human Factors & the Built Environment CHAPTER 2 PROXEMICS Social Zone Formal. 8 ARCH 140 | Human Factors & the Built Environment CHAPTER 2 PROXEMICS Public Zone Formal. 9 ARCH 140 | Human Factors & the Built Environment CHAPTER 2 PROXEMICS Space Needs Related to Gender Two male friends generally sit “a seat apart” and, particularly, if one or both are large, a seat separation allows more space between. Often the distance between two men is four to five feet. (1.2 -1.5 M) Two females almost never sit a seat apart. In fact, if a woman’s female friend does not sit next to her, she may think the friend is angry with her. 11 ARCH 140 | Human Factors & the Built Environment CHAPTER 2 PROXEMICS Space Needs Related to Age Children are less affected when adults or other children penetrate their intimate and personal space. For example, babies have a close, intimate relationship with the caregiver. Family or friends of the family may also provide assistance, and babies allow them into their intimate space. 12 ARCH 140 | Human Factors & the Built Environment CHAPTER 2 PROXEMICS Space Needs Related to Age As children grow older, they gradually disconnect and allow only those with whom they are most comfortable into their intimate or even personal spaces. In other words, they emulate the distance zones of their parents—often related to their culture. 13 ARCH 140 | Human Factors & the Built Environment CHAPTER 2 PROXEMICS Space Needs Related to : Cultural and/or Interpersonal Influences. Personality Types. See the Video 14 ARCH 140 | Human Factors & the Built Environment CHAPTER 2 PROXEMICS The Concept of Privacy Privacy relates to all personal spaces i.e. intimate to public. It is the means to controlling the access to oneself or a group, It can be divided in to 2 areas: Separation from others; solitude, anonymity, reserve and isolation. Being alone with selected individuals; intimacy with family, friends or others… 15 The Concept of Territoriality Territoriality is a type of privacy used to communicate one person’s control over an area. These territories are created through either visible or invisible boundaries. Can be categorized into 4 types: Public A public space temporarily used by a person or group (park bench, bus seat … ). Home The area in which human beings normally belong as part of it. Interractional Places where people congregate informally. Personal Everyone has personal territory, or space, that a person is comfortable in. 16 ARCH 140 | Human Factors & the Built Environment CHAPTER 2 PROXEMICS The Concept of Crowding Crowding is a mass or a large number of people gathered together. It can generate psychological feelings of insecurity and confinement; it can also provide a sense of security and stability. When animals are crowded into small spaces, they exhibit stress, abnormal behaviours, illness, and sometimes even death. However, in dimensionally crowded situations, humans generally do not exhibit such behaviours. Dominance and Avoidance are some other ways people interacting. 17 ARCH 140 | Human Factors & the Built Environment CHAPTER 2 PROXEMICS Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs 19 ARCH 140 | Human Factors & the Built Environment CHAPTER 2 PROXEMICS Ways to Arrange Spaces There are three ways to organize activities within a space: 1.Fixed Feature Space 2.Semi-Fixed Feature Space 3.Informal (non-fixed Feature) Space 20 ARCH 140 | Human Factors & the Built Environment CHAPTER 2 PROXEMICS Spaces | Fixed Feature Space Fixed - Feature spaces are the spaces created by the fixed (immovable) material elements such as the building, permanent walls of the building, and fixed furnishings or equipment. The fixed feature space provides the basis for organizing activities and allows people to engage in groups or to be isolated. 21 ARCH 140 | Human Factors & the Built Environment CHAPTER 2 PROXEMICS Spaces | Semi-Fixed Feature Space Semi-Fixed-feature space pertains to movable furniture or objects, furniture arrangement, and the ability to move furniture or objects from place to place. The way furniture is arranged affects the interactions of humans. 23 Sociofugal and Sociopetal ARCH 140 | Human Factors & the Built Environment CHAPTER 2 PROXEMICS Spaces | Semi-Fixed Feature Space Sociofugal and Sociopetal To keep people separated, furniture is arranged in rows or far apart—this is called Sociofugal space. On the other hand, to bring people together, pieces of furniture are arranged perpendicular to each other, which encourages interaction—this is called a Sociopetal space. 24 ARCH 140 | Human Factors & the Built Environment CHAPTER 2 PROXEMICS Spaces | Informal or Non-Fixed Feature Space Informal or non-fixed spaces relate people to people—that is, interaction between individuals with the spatial experience occurs with or without the aid of fixed or semi fixed features. Just the distances and the sizes of furniture should be according to human scale. 28 Reference Textbooks: Human Factors in the Built Human Dimension and Environment Interior Space Linda L. Nussbaumer Julius Panero and Martin Zelnik 30