Lecture 2 AICT Concepts of Memory PDF

1  HAMDARD UNIVERSITY Lecture # 2 Engr. Farooq Iqbal (Asst. Professor – Deptt. Of Computing) 2  AICT Application Information & Communication Technology Table of Content Concepts of Memory...

1  HAMDARD UNIVERSITY Lecture # 2 Engr. Farooq Iqbal (Asst. Professor – Deptt. Of Computing) 2  AICT Application Information & Communication Technology Table of Content Concepts of Memory Computer Memory Primary and Secondary Memory Cache Computer Memory Computer memory refers to the physical devices used to store information on a computer. It is a critical component of any computer system, as it allows the computer to store and retrieve data quickly and efficiently. Types of Computer Memory Primary Memory Secondary Memory Cache Memory  Primary Memory Primary memory is the main memory of a computer. It is used to store data and instructions that the CPU needs to access quickly. Primary Memory ROM (Read Only Memory) It is a Non Volatile Memory that is used to store important information which is used to operate the system. As its name refers to read-only memory, we can only read the programs and data stored on it. Primary Memory ROM (Read Only Memory) For Example: Rom is also Pre-Built In, in other Electronic Devices Digital Washing Machine, Oven, Remote, etc. Primary Memory PROM (Programable Read Only Memory) EPROM (Erasable Programable Read Only Memory) EEPROM (Electrically Erasable Programable Read Only Memory). Primary Memory PROM (Programable Read Only Memory) The data stored in it are permanently stored and can not be changed or erasable. Primary Memory EPROM is a type of PROM but it can be reprogrammed. The data stored in EPROM can be erased and reprogrammed again by ultraviolet light. Reprogrammed of it is limited. Primary Memory EEPROM (Electrically Erasable Programable Read Only Memory) It can be programmed and erased electrically. The data and program of this ROM can be erased and programmed about ten thousand times. Primary Memory RAM (Random Access Memory) 1) SRAM (Static Random Access Memory) 2) DRAM (Dynamic Random Access Memory) 3) SDRAM (Synchronous Dynamic Random Access Memory) Primary Memory RAM (Random Access Memory) is the primary memory of a computer that stores data temporarily. It is a volatile memory that loses its data when the power is turned off. Primary Memory How RAM Works? RAM allows the CPU to access data quickly, as it is located on the motherboard and closer to the CPU than other storage devices. When the CPU requests data, RAM retrieves it and sends it to the CPU. This process is faster than accessing data from secondary storage devices like hard disk drives or solid state drives. Primary Memory Primary Memory SRAM (Static Random Access Memory) It stores information as long as the power is supplied. SRAM is faster compared to DRAM. These are used in Cache Memories. Consumes less power and generates less heat. Primary Memory DRAM (Dynamic Random Access Memory). These are used in Main Memory. It is used to store data that the CPU needs for its task. It requires constant refreshing data to maintain the data it holds. Primary Memory DRAM (Dynamic Random Access Memory). DRAM is not faster as compared to SRAM. Primary Memory DRAM: For Example: It’s like a leaky bucket that needs to be constantly topped up with new data. Primary Memory SDRAM: Synchronous Dynamic Random Access Memory. It synchronizes itself with the computer’s system clock. This makes it easy to manage faster, and the speed of the SDRAM measured in MHz instead of nanoseconds. Primary Memory Cache Memory: It’s a small high speed memory Located between the CPU and Ram. It’s purpose is to store frequently access data and instructions to reduce the time.  Secondary Memory (HDD) It is used to storing a large amount of data. Hard disks or hard disk drives come in different storage capacities.(like 256 GB, 500 GB, 1 TB, and 2 TB, etc.). It is created using the collection of discs known as platters. The platters are placed one below the other. They are coated with magnetic material.  Secondary Memory (SSD) It works like super fast hard drive. It’s where your computer stores its data, Like Files, Program, and the Operating System. It’s a high speed super reliable electronic storage palace for your computer. SSD use memory chips to store data AICT Refer to Text Book: Williams Sawyer, 9th Edition (McGraw HILL). A Practical Introduction to Computer & Communications”. THANKYOU 