Lecture 1.1a - CVS Anatomy PDF
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Aston University
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Summary
This document provides an overview of the functions of the pericardium, clinical implications of pericardial effusion, the innervation of the pericardium, and pericardial sinuses. It discusses related concepts, such as cardiac tamponade, and pain sensations from the pericardium.
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Functions of the pericardium: ◦Fixes the heart in the mediastinum and limits its motion (heart sits on the diaphragm) ◦Prevents overfilling of the heart (implications in pericardial effusion) ‣ Normal amount of pericardial fluid is 20-50ml ‣ If pericardial fluid reach...
Functions of the pericardium: ◦Fixes the heart in the mediastinum and limits its motion (heart sits on the diaphragm) ◦Prevents overfilling of the heart (implications in pericardial effusion) ‣ Normal amount of pericardial fluid is 20-50ml ‣ If pericardial fluid reaches 100ml, overfilling can take place ◦Lubrication ◦Protection from infection Pericardium: clinical implications: ◦Pericardial effusion: ‣ Acute or chronic accumulation of fluid within pericardial space ‣ Reasons: Infection, inflammatory conditions, cancer/cancer treatments, trauma, idiopathic ‣ Can lead to cardiac tamponade: compression of ventricles leading to reduced cardiac output and shock Innervation of pericardium: ◦Phrenic nerve (C3-C5) provides sensory supply to the fibrous and parietal pericardium ◦Pain sensations conveyed by these nerves are commonly referred to the skin (C3-C5 dermatomes) ◦Common source of referred pain in pericarditis Pericardial sinuses: ◦Sinuses are cavities that are present in the heart ‣ Transverse pericardial sinus - primordial arterial and venous ends of the developing heart are brought together ‣ Pericardial oblique reflection - veins expand and pericardial reflection is carried out around them
