Introduction to Cardiovascular Physiology PDF

Introduction to the Physiology of the Heart CRICOS Provider Code: 00017B TEQSA: PRV12072 Asst Prof Jessica Stokes-Parish [email protected] ...

Introduction to the Physiology of the Heart CRICOS Provider Code: 00017B TEQSA: PRV12072 Asst Prof Jessica Stokes-Parish [email protected] CRICOS Provider Code: 00017B TEQSA: PRV12072  Acknowledgement of Country Bond University acknowledges the Kombumerri people, the traditional Owners and Custodians of the land on which the University now stands. We pay respect to Elders past, present and emerging. Copyright Warning. This material has been reproduced and communicated to you by or on behalf of Bond University in accordance with section 113P of the Copyright Act 1968 (Act). The material in this communication may be subject to copyright under the Act. Any further reproduction or communication of this material by you may be the subject of copyright protection under the Act. 21/11/2024 CRICOS Provider Code: 00017B TEQSA: PRV12072 3  Agenda 21/11/2024 CRICOS Provider Code: 00017B TEQSA: PRV12072 4  Agenda 21/11/2024 CRICOS Provider Code: 00017B TEQSA: PRV12072 5 Cardiovascular System Right side of the heart receives deoxygenated blood Left side ejects blood to the body Marieb & Hoehn 2022 Human Anatomy and Physiology TWO concurrent circulatory systems: Pulmonary circuit and systemic circuit Gas exchange occurs in capillaries of lungs and tissue beds 21/11/2024 CRICOS Provider Code: 00017B TEQSA: PRV12072 6 21/11/2024 CRICOS Provider Code: 00017B TEQSA: PRV12072 7  GAP JUNCTIONS DESMOSONES 21/11/2024 CRICOS Provider Code: 00017B TEQSA: PRV12072 8 Comparison between muscle types Skeletal Cardiac Smooth Initiation of Acetylcholine Cardiac Ligans Contraction (Ach) pacemaker Mechanical stimulus Pacemaker cells Neural control of Alpha motor Autonomic Autonomic neurons contraction neurons neurons (unconscious) (conscious) (unconscious) Function Each cell is Synchronous via Mutually contract stimulated gap junctions (smooth unit individually stimulate all cells muscle) Individual (multi unit smooth CRICOS Provider Code: 00017B TEQSA: PRV12072 Marieb & Hoehn 2022 Human Anatomy and Physiology muscle) 9 The major features and functions of cardiac muscle cells Two types of myocardial cells: Contractile Cells - Contraction is main job (blood flow) - Stable resting membrane potential Conductile Cells - Spontaneously, intrinsically depolarise - Impulses spread from cell to cell (gap junctions) - Unstable resting potential Marieb & Hoehn 2022 Human Anatomy and Physiology 21/11/2024 CRICOS Provider Code: 00017B TEQSA: PRV12072 10  REVISION POINT Cardiac muscle cells differ from smooth and skeletal muscle Cardiac contraction is driven by cardiac pacemaker cells Desmosomes and gap junctions in the intercalated discs are essential for conduction between cells 21/11/2024 CRICOS Provider Code: 00017B TEQSA: PRV12072 11  THE CARDIAC CYCLE 21/11/2024 CRICOS Provider Code: 00017B TEQSA: PRV12072 12 21/11/2024 CRICOS Provider Code: 00017B TEQSA: PRV12072 Image created by Dr Mike Todorovic 13 21/11/2024 CRICOS Provider Code: 00017B TEQSA: PRV12072 14 21/11/2024 CRICOS Provider Code: 00017B TEQSA: PRV12072 15 21/11/2024 CRICOS Provider Code: 00017B TEQSA: PRV12072 16 21/11/2024 CRICOS Provider Code: 00017B TEQSA: PRV12072 17 21/11/2024 CRICOS Provider Code: 00017B TEQSA: PRV12072 18 21/11/2024 CRICOS Provider Code: 00017B TEQSA: PRV12072 19 21/11/2024 CRICOS Provider Code: 00017B TEQSA: PRV12072 20 21/11/2024 CRICOS Provider Code: 00017B TEQSA: PRV12072 21 21/11/2024 CRICOS Provider Code: 00017B TEQSA: PRV12072 22 21/11/2024 CRICOS Provider Code: 00017B TEQSA: PRV12072 23 21/11/2024 CRICOS Provider Code: 00017B TEQSA: PRV12072 24 21/11/2024 CRICOS Provider Code: 00017B TEQSA: PRV12072 25 21/11/2024 CRICOS Provider Code: 00017B TEQSA: PRV12072 26  CARDIAC OUPUT = HEART RATE (HR) X STROKE VOLUME (SV) 21/11/2024 CRICOS Provider Code: 00017B TEQSA: PRV12072 27  Key Terms CARDIAC OUTPUT: the amount of blood pumped by each ventricle in one minute STROKE VOLUME: The amount of blood pumped out of each ventricle during a single beat 21/11/2024 CRICOS Provider Code: 00017B TEQSA: PRV12072 Created by Dr Mike Todorovic 28 21/11/2024 CRICOS Provider Code: 00017B TEQSA: PRV12072 29 References - Marieb and Hoehn 2022 Human anatomy and physiology. Elsevier publishing group - McKinley, M. P., O'Loughlin, V. D., & Bidle, T. S. (2019). Anatomy & physiology: An integrative approach (3rd ed.). McGraw Hill Education. Readings Optional Video Resources: Cardiac Output (14 mins) : https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WuGMqezV3eo Understanding an ECG (4 mins) : https://youtu.be/M_soKG-Tzh0?si=zHOl8eSVt6CLsL34 Extended reading on the ECG: Goldberger et al (2018). Goldberger’s Clinical Electrocardiography: A simplified approach 21/11/2024 CRICOS Provider Code: 00017B TEQSA: PRV12072 30