Population Growth, Causes and Effects in Pakistan PDF

POPULATION GROWTH-CAUSES WEEK 8 AND EFFECTS  CONTENTS Population Growth, Causes and its Effects Population density and its distribution map Population and population explosion Causes of overpopulation in Pakistan Effects of overpopulation in Pakistan ADMINISTRATIVE MAP...

POPULATION GROWTH-CAUSES WEEK 8 AND EFFECTS  CONTENTS Population Growth, Causes and its Effects Population density and its distribution map Population and population explosion Causes of overpopulation in Pakistan Effects of overpopulation in Pakistan ADMINISTRATIVE MAP OF PAKISTAN POPULATION What is population? The total number of persons inhabiting a country, city, any district or an area. “The average annual percentage change in population resulting from surplus of births over deaths and balance of migrants entering and leaving a country. The rate may be positive or negative. The growth rate is a factor in determining how a great burden would be imposed on a country by the changing need of its people for infrastructure (e.g. school. hospital, roads, resources (e.g. food, water, electricity) and jobs.” … Census is the process of collecting data about everyone or everything in a population. Since 1951, there have been only 6 nationwide censuses (1961, 1972, 1981, 1998 and 2017). Delays and postponements have often been due to politicization. Pakistan's last completed census took place in 2017.  What is over population? The term “Over Population” or “Population Explosion” is used to express the idea of more population for fewer resources. FACTS! Pakistan’s 2020 population is estimated at 220,892,340 people at mid year according to UN data. Pakistan population is equivalent to 2.83% of the total world population. Pakistan ranks number 5 in the list of countries by population. The population density in Pakistan is 287 per Km2 (742 people per mi2). The total land area is 770,880 Km2 (297,638 sq. miles) 35.1 % of the population is urban (77,437,729 people in 2020) The median age in Pakistan is 22.8 years. https://www.worldometers.info/world-population/pakistan-population/#:~:text=Pakistan%202020%  REASONS OF EXPLOSIVE POPULATION GROWTH IN PAKISTAN There are many reasons for the growth of Population in Pakistan. They are: High fertility rate High mortality rate for infants Lack of birth control Illiteracy and lack of awareness Migration from other countries Inadequate government policy to control growth of population Poor family planning program Early marriages of females Cultural and religious factor …. Among many reasons, high fertility rate is one of the most major and important cause which contribute to high population growth of Pakistan. High fertility of 6.7 % causes increase in birth rate. In 1980’s, there were 6-7 children per women at an average but declined to 4-5 children in 1990’s. Pakistan is in a very temperate zone which causes the people to be more fertile. Another reason of increase in Population growth is the high mortality rate. There has been a decline in death rate of people of Pakistan due to advancement in medical field. Highly advance hospitals have been opened for increasing the health of a common man. However, such facilities are not available in rural areas of Pakistan. The difference between the birth rate and death rate has been widened in past years which are a major contributor in Population growth rate. People are not taking positive steps for birth control. This is due to lack of awareness among people especially in rural areas. People are not aware of the consequences of over population in a country. Government and NGO’s should work together to make people aware of the benefits of birth control through nationwide awareness program. Although Government had a policy of two children per family but it was not practically implemented. Marketing for Medicines to avoid Pregnancy and condoms should be implemented and should be available in retail stores in rural areas. … Illiteracy is also a major contributor of population growth in Pakistan. Illiteracy rate of Pakistan is 45 % out which 33% is contributed by women. Government should promote education especially in rural areas of Pakistan. Education will make the women of rural areas to learn the negative effects of over population. They should be able to learn that repetitive pregnancy can affect their health. Family Planning program of Pakistan’s Government was not effectively managed and did not derive any results in decreasing the Population growth rate. NGO’s should go to females in rural areas of Pakistan door-to-door and make them aware of the use of condoms and birth control pills. … Migration of people from neighboring Countries also contributes to increasing population growth. Just after independence of Pakistan in 1947, thousands of Muhajirs migrated from India to newly created Pakistan and continue to come until end of 1950’s. This proved to be a burden on the economy of Pakistan. After Pakistan absorbed thousands of Muhajirs, it was faced by another problem. Soviet Union attacked Afghanistan in 1979 due to which millions of afghan refugees migrated to Pakistan by crossing borders. By the end of 1980’s, total afghan refugees in Pakistan were 3.2 million which hurt Pakistan a lot; both economically and socially. Although many refugees were sent back due to the hard work of NGO’s but still 1.4 million refugees stayed back in Pakistan. … There is a common trend in Pakistan that females get married at very early age especially in rural areas of Pakistan. The average marriage age of females in Pakistan is 16-19. However, the marriage age in rural areas is even low i.e. 13-15 years, Early marriage will cause the women to get pregnant at a very early age and give birth to a child thus increasing the birth rate which eventually increases the population. However, education level of people living in urban areas has cause the marriage age to increase to 20-22 years. Religious and Cultural beliefs also play a vital role in the growth of Population. In rural and backwards areas of Pakistan, there is still a trend of having as much children as possible because of the belief that children are the blessings of God. People in these areas don’t bother to acquire family planning services thinking of the fact that what their relatives will think, some think it is a sin. EFFECTS OF POPULATION GROWTH Population growth has many effects to the economy of Pakistan. They are as follows: Effects on GDP/GNP Natural Resources Men to land ratio PCI(Per Capita Income) Ecosystem Living standard Agricultural system Unemployment Social infrastructure Capital formation Environment Brain Drain Physiological disorder Q/ANSWERS & CONCLUSION