Lecture 1 Water PDF

Field of Veterinary Medicine Veterinary Medicine Program Water in animal nutrition Animal Nutrition FCH333 Date : 13/10 /2024 Prof. Dr. Mohamed Yusuf Introduction to Animal Nutrition Mission Provide instructions in nutrition and clinical nutrition wi...

Field of Veterinary Medicine Veterinary Medicine Program Water in animal nutrition Animal Nutrition FCH333 Date : 13/10 /2024 Prof. Dr. Mohamed Yusuf Introduction to Animal Nutrition Mission Provide instructions in nutrition and clinical nutrition with basic skills required to formulate and evaluate rations for domestic animals, poultry, rabbit and fishes. Introduction to Animal Nutrition Cost Feedstuff Art of Nutrition effective diets Nutrition Evaluation WELFARE Additives Processing Suitability Feed Management  Animal Nutrition FCH333 Objectives 1- Chapter 1 “Basic nutrients and their functions” 2- Chapter2 “Nutrition and feeding of poultry” 3- Chapter 3 “Nutrition and feeding of fish” One of the objectives of the art of nutrition to provide all essential nutrients in adequate amounts and in optimum proportions.  Animal Nutrition Nutrition involves various physical, chemical reactions and physiological processes which convert feeds into body tissues and activities Animal nutritionist be able to formulate diets or supplemental feeds that are sufficiently appetizing to ensure an intake adequate for the purposes desired.  Prehension, Mastication and Swallowing Digestion: Converting complex compounds into simple absorpable compounds Absorption: Process in which simple compounds cross the cellular membranes of the GI tract Excretion of waste products  Water Water is an Indispensable Chemical of Life Requirement All species need ad-libitum supply of acceptable quality drinking water Water is the major constituent in the animal body about 60-70% Objectives 1. Sources of water in animal body. 2. Functions of water in animal body. 3. Water losses from the body. 4. Water turnover 5. Water requirements& consumption 6. Water restriction. 7. Water quality. Distribution of water in the animal body 1-Intracellular water (within the cells): About 65% of the total water in the body 2-Extracellular water: The interstitial fluids (between the cells or body parts), blood plasma, lymph , synovial and cerebrospinal fluids. The extracellular water represents about 35% of the total water Sources of water in animal body Where Animals Obtain Water? Drinking Free-water in feed(s) Metabolic water* *Metabolic water *The water produced as an end product of the oxidation of carbohydrates, fats and proteins. Metabolic water has indeed a small part of the total water in many animals compared with free drinking water and the water contained in feed  Metabolic water refers to water created inside a living organism through their metabolism, by oxidizing energy-containing substances in their food.  Animal metabolism produces about  110 grams of water per 100 grams of fat,  40 grams of water per 100 g of protein and  60 grams of water per 100 g of carbohydrate  Functions of Water in Animal Body 1- Water is essential for metabolism 2- Water is a universal solvent that facilitates cellular biochemical reactions involving digestion, absorption, and transportation of nutrients. 3- Helps in the excretion of waste products in the form of urine, feces, and sweat, from the animal body. 4- To regulate body temperature 5- Milk and egg production Functions of Water in Animal Body 6- Water and minerals work together to regulate body fluids 7- Water is a transport medium in the body Water requirements and consumption Generally, animals will consume 3-4gm of water/gm DM consumed (when they are not heat-stressed). Water losses from the body Urine Feces Lungs Skin surface Milk and egg Water turnover The rate at which body water is excreted and replaced in the tissues. In cattle, is about 3.5 days. Nonruminant species probably have a more rapid turnover because they have less water in the GI tract. Those species that tolerate greater water restriction (camel, some breeds of sheep) also have lower turnover rates than species that are less tolerant to water restriction (horse, European cattle). Water turnover is affected greatly by........ (1) Species (2) Climatic factors such as temperature and humidity, (3) Ingestion of compounds such as NaCl that increase urinary and/or fecal excretion. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lkSrdGxupMU Factors affecting water requirements I. Animal factors : II. Dietary factors : a. Age a. Type of the diet (green or dry). b. Species b. Dry matter intake. c. Breeds d. Body size c. Protein level. e. Growth rate d. Salt level. f. Pregnancy II. Environmental factors : g. Lactation h. Activity a. Temperature. b. Humidity Water restriction Severe water restriction In moderate water restriction : Loss in body weight. Increase in pulse rate and rectal Reduced feed intake. temperature& respiration rate. Reduced productivity. Haemo-concentration. Difficulty in muscular movements. Marked drop in urine and fecal Animals tends to become highly irritable and bad tempered. water excretion Prostration and death (if sever water deprivation persists). TDS water quality test pen Water quality The most common problems Water quality affects associated with poor-quality consumption, productivity, and water Salt poisoning. animal health. Refusal to drink. Substances such as salts, Diarrhoea. pathogenic organisms, algae, and Reduced production pesticides pollute water supplies and can affect palatability. THANK U ALL