BIOL 485, Biology of Invertebrates Lecture 1 PDF

Welcome! BIOL 485, Biology of the Invertebrates Spring 2025  Welcome! Today: Intros Course overview and logistics Biodiversity Metazoans Dr. Amy Moran Invertebrate ecological physiology, larval biology and ecology, Antarctic marine biology www.moranlab.org @ UH since 2013 Classes...

Welcome! BIOL 485, Biology of the Invertebrates Spring 2025  Welcome! Today: Intros Course overview and logistics Biodiversity Metazoans Dr. Amy Moran Invertebrate ecological physiology, larval biology and ecology, Antarctic marine biology www.moranlab.org @ UH since 2013 Classes: Invertebrate Biology, Other UH jobs: Marine Biology, Advanced Associate Director for Curriculum, Topics in MB, Biology of Marine School of Life Sciences Larvae Chair, Scientific Diving Control Board  Your fantastic TAs: Lab: Edmondson 103 Laboratory begins Th/F (1/16 and 1/17) – no lab this Tu/W For lab you will need: Graham Lobert, 001 Sophia Hanscom, 002 - lab notebook or drawing tablet - dissecting kit (by Porifera lab) - gloves & field footwear (by the first field trip) tabis strongly recommended for field trips Aaron Toh, 003 Emily Palmer, 004  Lecture No required textbook Lecture notes and other materials on Laulima Lecture grade is based on: 80% = 4 exams @ 20 % each Exams are not cumulative, except for concepts that carry over 20% = in-class activities, 5 out of 6 @ 4 % each Expect to spend up to 6 hr/week studying material  Lecture Questions in class: raise hand Questions outside of class: office hours or email (especially questions related to your grade) Sharing of photos and materials: only with permission Some lectures may be presented asynchronously **Always act respectfully towards other students and be respectful of diverse perspectives and backgrounds** Other bookkeeping Verifying your participation: complete the “Weekly Engagement” on Laulima for Week 1 Complete by 11:55 PM on Tuesday, Jan. 21 to avoid being administratively dropped from the course  Course Questions What are invertebrates? How did their incredible diversity arise? What distinguishes the major groups from each other? How have very different types of animals ‘solved’ life’s major challenges? Course Themes: -Morphological diversity -Physiology -Ecology -Evolution PP BB cover ~ ____% 99 of animals are Invertebrates ~ ________animal 32 35 _________ phyla Biodiversity most animals on Earth 84 7 anthroperely ___________(84.7%) anthropada ____________(4.8%) mollusea 4.81 ____________(4.1%) chordate 4.1 ____________(6.4%) other 6.4 phyla > 1.5 ________animal million species described Estimated true 3.530 million number _________ ____________ When did all this diversity arise? Evidence from geological record Charles Walcott, paleontologist, discovered rich fossil bed of ancient invertebrates in 1909 = ______________ Burgess Shale _________________ Formation CanadiensRocky (Canadian Rocky Mts)Mountains Estimated age 510 myer ______________  Many of the modern phyla of animals found in this one fossil bed carnitine “______________ _________” Explosion  Pikaia sp. Anomalocaris sp. Vetulicolia sp. Akadocrinus sp.  snowball earth hypothesis “_________________” Metazoans arose in the oceans after snowball the Baykonurian glaciation _______ _____, about ____________________ event 550 myer and habitats Lots of _______________________ space suddenly available for colonization – many niches for life to evolve into evolutionally Once niches were filled, _________ ________ was no longer so successful novelty How is diversity described & organized in Western Science? Carolus Linnaeus (1700s) – Systema Naturae (1735-1770) – Described over 9,000 species – Developed a hierarchical system of classification based on shared characteristics (___________) stairitarity synapomorphies  Kingdom phylum class order RP C O F G S family genus species Linnaean Levels of Classification Kingdon phylum class Kingdom phylum Class order Kingdom, Phylum, Class, family genus species Order, Family, Genus, Species Kingdom phylum class order family Order family Genus Species uniquebodytype plan bauplan phylum = high level of ___________ uniquebody classification, characterized by a plan bemplan ___________________________ uniquebody unique body plan bamplan plan bauplan Linnaean classification outdated: now, _____________________ trees phylogenetic Hierarchical system of classification based on ________________ Synapomary (__________________ shared derived _______________) characteristics  Three ‘__________’ domains of life 1977 –Bacteria (bacteria, blue-green algae) –Archaea (extremophiles) –Eukarya (protists, fungi, plants, animals) “______________” Protozoa = unicellular eukaryotes; genetically and morphologically extremely diverse Phylum (?) ___________________ Choanoflagellates choanoflagellates choanoflagellates  flageller commutate colan Yea there microsite nucleus flagella nucleus stall stalk  _______________, Eukaryotes arethingsw Milean Locomotory _______________ membrane flagellum organelles __________ posterior What are the basic things that all organisms need to do? sense environment and respond to it acquire energy reproduce develop Move Homeostasis Cellular respiration G exchang as Waste action  Homeostasis a living organism on organismal component Homeostasis _______________: maintaining a steady state a living organism or organismal component maintaining a ____________ steady state  Metazoa Cells organized into ______________, often functional types _______________ tissues (only in Eumetazoa, not Parazoa) epithelial tissue functions to regulate and separate two environments differentanimal in an  Grades of organization ____________________ single cells protists _____________– organization Tissue grade body consists of groups of ____________performing similar particular _____________ – embryological _____________ origin function ____________– Organ __________ grade are organized into _________ organs with highly specialized functions Metazoa one of the most important things that determines how an organism interacts ___________ Size with its environment is SIZE Easa sphere gets it bigger has to be more complex The ______________, bigger you are the more _______________ complicated you have to be, or the _____ sloweryou have to go.  Obtaining and distributing materials (gas, nutrients, etc.) from the environment ________ Diffusion is a _____supply slow mechanism and only works for organisms with _______________________(small!) very short diffusion radii Gas diffusion in air (oxygen): 0.176 cm sec-1 diffusion 02transport (10 M in ~ 90 minutes) gas diffusion is essential and in air much faster ubiquitous The mosteffient then in water Gas diffusion in water: 0.0000210 cm sec-1 systems minimize the distance oxygen has to travel to diffuse (10 M in 1.5 years) into tissues and cells Metazoa onlydiffuse about 0.5 Oxygen mm into supply to tissues internal think SA V No tissues O2  works owershortdistoner diffusiononly A compounding problem: i.be demand ________________scales with _____, mass while ________________scales capacity with _____________ area diffusion surface Surface area increases with the _______ of the radius, mass increases with the ________ 4182 surface area = _____ ________ SAN 3 8 413TH volume = ________ Large _____________– exchange surfaces achieved by increasing _________________ surface area to volume ratio ____________ shape flat gills lungs ____________ (areas of the body surface specialized for ____________) gasexchange Evolution of a _________________to circulator system bring O2 to ________________ internal tissues a circulatory system is a system of conduction At its it is a simplest systemof increases thepotential  stirring fordiffusion ____________ lendingpigments (=respiratory pigments) oxygen increase the oxygen-carrying capacity of solutions by up to 100 ____________ fold Ion ________-containing respiratory pigments: _____________ Hemoglobin (very widespread – vertebrates, molluscs, arthropods, plants, and others) _____________ Hemeerythrim (some worms, brachiopods, others) _____________ ehlowworin (some annelid worms) __________-containing Capper respiratory pigment: _____________ (very widespread; molluscs, arthropods) Hemocyanin Metazoa ____________ development from a ___________ blastula blastula blasto developity coel section Metazoa ___________ protein Collagen this is a snapemorphie w the along and blastuler levered the storage Metazoa Larval stage life history ______________in Adult (benthic) Larva (microscopic, planktonic) Juvenile (microscopic, benthic) Protista (Protozoa) Animalia (Metazoa) Choanoflagellata Parazoa Eumetazoa no.tw true tissues tissues symetury notexactlysynap assymetry developefrom blastula collagen protien levever cell choanocyte type