Invertebrate Biology PDF

Invertbrate A,T,Ranem mohammed Example of Class Flagelata, Order Euglenodina Euglena: Is found in freshwater ponds and slow running stream. The animal is large spindle- shaped flagellates with spirally mar...

Invertbrate A,T,Ranem mohammed Example of Class Flagelata, Order Euglenodina Euglena: Is found in freshwater ponds and slow running stream. The animal is large spindle- shaped flagellates with spirally marked pellicle. Body is simple, fusiform elongated or flattened or spindle shaped, The outer covering or plasma membrane is called pellicle which has spiral striations called as myonemes. The cytoplasm below pellicle is differentiated into ectoplasm and endoplasm. The endoplasm contains a single large nucleus, star –shaped central pyrenoid (chloroplast) surrounded by small granules, known as paramylon bodiesNutrition of Euglena is normally autotrophic (holophytic), but if kept in the dark the organism makes use of saprozoic nutrition, absorbing nutrients through its body surface Invertbrate A,T,Ranem mohammed Example of Class Flagellata, Order Opalinina Opalina is oval shape with its anterior end slightly narrower than the posterior. The pellicle is uniformly covered by equal sized cilia like flagella. The ectoplasm contains contractile fibrils called myonemes which are responsible for the flexion and extension of the animal. Endoplasm contains many nuclei. Peristome, cytosome, Food materials are absorbed from the body of the host through the surface of the body. Reproduction both sexual and asexual. Opalina is found as parasite in the rectum of frogs Invertbrate A,T,Ranem mohammed Example of Class: 2-Sarcodina Amoeba The animal is of irregular shape with simple or branched pseudopodia and is measuring 250-600 microns in diameter. The body of animal is covered by a thin the cytoplasm is distinguished into outer ectoplasm and inner endoplasm. Various distinct organelles are nucleusNutrition in Amoeba is holozoic. Reproduction is by fission and encystment. Amoeba move by formation of pseudopodia. Invertbrate A,T,Ranem mohammed 3- Class Ciliata: -Complex protozoa with firm pellicle. -Locomotion by cilia. -Nuclei of 2 kinds. -Nutrition holozoic. – Asexual reproduction by binary fission. -Sexual reproduction by conjugation and autogmy. Example of Class: Ciliata Paramicium: It is a microscopic elongated animal, having slipper-shaped. The anterior Invertbrate A,T,Ranem mohammed end is bluntly rounded, while posterior end is pointed. Pellicle covers the body. It is clearCytoplasm contains ectoplasm and endoplasm ectoplasms has myonemes (contain protein filament) and trichocysts (the function of trichocysts is thought to be defensive). Endoplasm contains two nuclei: a large kidney-shaped macronucleus and a smaller micronucleus, food vacuoles, granules, anterior contractile vacuole and posterior contractile vacuole. Invertbrate A,T,Ranem mohammed