Lecture 1 PHARMACOGNOSY I PG 101/PGC 101 PDF

For First year Pharmacy Students By  College of Pharmacy CREDIT HOUR SYSTEM GPA : GRADE POINT AVERAGE PharmD-Clinical Allowed Hours PharmD Class From Hours To Hours Allowed Hours...

For First year Pharmacy Students By  College of Pharmacy CREDIT HOUR SYSTEM GPA : GRADE POINT AVERAGE PharmD-Clinical Allowed Hours PharmD Class From Hours To Hours Allowed Hours Class From Hours To Hours Allowed Hours 1 0 15 16 1 0 15 16 2 16 31 16 2 16 31 16 3 32 47 18 3 32 47 19 4 48 65 18 4 48 66 18 5 66 83 19 5 67 84 17 6 84 102 20 6 85 101 18 7 103 122 20 7 102 119 19 8 123 142 19 8 120 138 19 9 143 161 18 9 139 157 21 10 162 182 18 10 158 181 18 CGPA PharmD & PharmD-Clinical SUBJECTS 1 Cr 50 marks 2 Cr 100 marks 3 Cr 150 marks  HOW TO CALCULATE CGPA Points GPHRS POINTS X Cr HU 94 % A 4 POINTS 1 4x1= 4 IT 79% B 3 POINTS 2 3X2= 6 PA 71% C+ 2.3 POINTS 3 2.3x3= 6.9 PB 50 F 0 1 0 PG 74% B- 2.7 POINTS 3 2.7X3= 8.1 PO 83% B+ 3.3 POINTS 3 3.3x3= 9.9 PT 66% C 2 POINTS 2 2x1= 2 14 Total points= 36.90 CGPA= Total points/ CGPA Hr.= 36.90/ 14 = 2.635 approx. 2.64  GENERAL RULES ALL STUDENTS  Students with CGPA from 2- 2.49, the student will register the allowed hour based on the student academic plan and earned hour.  Students with CGPA 2.5-2.99 , can increase their registration load by a maximum 3 Cr. However, the total registration load should not exceed 21 Cr. (EX: A Student with allowed hour 19 Cr and CGPA 2.98 requests an extra 3 Cr as overload, the request will be declined, the maximum overload is 2 cr.)  Students with CGPA > 3, can increase their registration load by a maximum 4 Cr. However, the total registration load should not exceeds 24 Cr.  Graduates can increase their registration load by maximum 4 Cr. However, the total registration load should not exceed 24 Cr. (Student must have reasonable CGPA to register 24 Cr., the academic transcript must be checked by the advisor before asking for overload). (EX: Student with earned hour 166, academic plan PharmD, allowed hour 11, and CGPA 1.99 requests an overload 4 Cr for graduation (the request is declined because of CGPA).  No timetable conflict is allowed.  No prerequisite breaking is allowed even for graduation status.  STUDENT CATEGORIZATION BASED ON ACADEMIC STATUS  Student below CGPA 2 (under prohibition)  Student below CGPA 2 receives an electronic academic warning, in case of receiving 2 successful academic warning the student will be referred to college board to either give him a third chance or the student will be transferred to another college.  A student below CGPA 2 is not allowed to graduate even if he passes all the required credits for graduation, the student will re- register for courses to improve his CGPA.  Irregular students in SEM 3 are only allowed to register from SEM1&2 (IF STILL REMANINING SUBJECTS FROM THIS LEVELS) and in order to complete their registration Subjects of SEM 4 will be available for them if they pass the prerequisite.  Irregular students in SEM 4 are only allowed to register from SEM1&2&3 (IF STILL REMANINING SUBJECTS FROM THIS LEVELS) and in order to complete their registration Subjects of SEM 5 will be available for them if they pass the prerequisite, and so on. Calendar 2023/2024 o They exert effects on certain animal tissues and organs and can be used in treating, curing or preventing diseases Examples of crude drugs  Entire plants or animals: Mentha  Entire members of plants or animals: Senna, Clove, Thyroid Gland  Minerals: Chalk, Talc  Substances derived from plants or animals: Opium, Aloes, Gelatin  Fibers and fabrics: used as surgical dressing  Filteration material: Diatomite  i. Natural or Biological Origin or Sources:  The natural origin of a drug is the plant or animal yielding it, if a plant it is called a botanical origin, if an animal it is a zoological origin. Genus species  Piper album (=white) lutea 3. An aromatic plant or certain aroma:  Myristica fragrans (nice aroma).  Caryophyllus aromaticus (refers to aroma). 4.A geographical source or history of a drug:  Cannabis indica (growing in India).  Iris germanica (growing in Germany). 5.A pharmaceutical activity or an active constituent:  Brayera anthelmentica (expelling worms).  Papaver somniferum (sleep inducing)  Strychnos nuxvomica (nux=nut / vomica=causing vomiting). 6. A general meaning or a special indication  Allium sativum (=cultivated).  Triticum vulgare (=wild). The generic name may also refer to certain character of the plant:  Iris germanica (from the Greek means Goddess of rainbow due to varied colors of the flowers).  Atropa belladonna (from atropos means =poisonous).  Glyccyrhiza glabra (glyccy= from glucose=sweet, riza=root / sweet roots). Collection of drugs from wild growing plants has several disadvantages: 1. Wild plants found in sparse distribution over unlimited areas 2. Difficulty in reaching and collecting these plants 3. Deficiency due to continual collection “Ruthless collection” 4. Collection is done by ignorant unskilled people 5. Difficulty of transport 6. Insufficiency of supply to meet demands of the market Collection of crude drugs from wild growing plants has only 2 advantages: 1. They have low cost 2. They have high concentration of active constituents Cultivation of medicinal plants has the following advantages: 1. Concentration of a large number of medicinal plants in a small controlled area 2. Improvement of the drug (raise the quality) 3. Assurance of regular and constant sufficient supply 4. All the operations are carried out by trained workers 5. Proximity to the pharmaceutical firm so the drug can be taken directly from the field into the factory 6. Control of the purity of the product 7. Narcotic drugs cultivated under government control The cultivated medicinal plants have the following disadvantages: 1. Should be cultivated in large scale to be economic 2. Great loss of crop due to bad weather or insect and fungi attack 3. The environment may be unsuitable for the growth of certain medicinal plants