Body Organization and Anatomical Nomenclature Lecture 1 PDF

Course Introduction Body Organization and Anatomical Nomenclature Reference: MTT, Chapter 1 I. Course Objectives A. anatomy = structure of living organisms 1. histology – microscopic anatomy 2. gross anatom...

Course Introduction Body Organization and Anatomical Nomenclature Reference: MTT, Chapter 1 I. Course Objectives A. anatomy = structure of living organisms 1. histology – microscopic anatomy 2. gross anatomy – non-microscopic anatomy B. physiology = function of living organisms 1. chemical and physical processes necessary for life 2. approached from many levels Body Organization A. molecular E. organ B. organelle F. organ system (integumentary, skeletal, muscular, C. cellular endocrine, nervous, circulatory, digestive, reproductive) D. tissue G. organism III. Importance A. clinical practice B. natural curiosity Organ systems approach first semester: integumentary, skeletal, muscular & nervous second semester: cardiovascular, respiratory, digestive, ` urinary, endocrine & reproductive IV. Anatomical Nomenclature A. reference planes 1. sagittal – vertical plane, sectioned laterally 2. coronal (frontal) – vertical plane, ventral to dorsal 3. transverse – horizontal plane, superior to inferior Human Brain Sections Human Brain Sections transverse coronal sagittal B. anatomical position 1. superior or cranial 6. superficial or external 2. inferior or caudal 7. proximal 3. anterior or ventral 8. distal 4. posterior or dorsal 9. medial 5. internal or deep 10. lateral C. major body regions 1. cephalic – cranial & facial 2. cervical 3. trunk a. thorax b. abdomen c. pelvis 4. upper appendages 5. lower appendages D. body cavities 1. dorsal cavity a. cranial b. vertebral 2. ventral a. thoracic (1) pleural (2) pericardial b. abdominopelvic (peritoneal) (1) abdominal (2) pelvic E. body membranes 1. character b. thin layers of epithelial + connective tissue c. function to cover, separate and support viscera 2. types a. serous (1) secrete aqueous or salt solution (2) line body cavities (3) classes (a) pleura – line thorax i) visceral pleura – adheres to lung ii) parietal pleura – adheres to chest wall iii) pleural cavity iv) mediastinum – area between pleural cavities contains esophagus, heart, major vessels, thymus, etc.  (b) pericardium – surrounds heart i. visceral pericardium ii. parietal pericardium iii. pericardial cavity (c) peritoneum – lines abdomen i. visceral peritoneum ii. parietal peritoneum (d) mesentaries i) double folds of peritoneum ii) connect visceral and parietal classes b. mucous (1) secrete mucosaccharide solution to lubricate membrane (2) lines cavities that open to exterior (3) oral & nasal cavities, respiratory, digestive, reproductive and urinary tubes August 24, 2023 Announcements: 1. Please see me after class today, if you missed our first meeting 2. First I-clicker session next Tuesday 3. Complete lecture 1 a. body organization b. anatomical nomenclature i. reference planes ii. body position iii. body regions & cavities c. begin with D. Body Cavities 4. Begin Lecture 2 – Cell Membrane – Structure and Function