درس 3 علم التشريح للعام الأول - د. محمد الغيلاني - العربية PDF

 Peripheral Nervous System The peripheral nervous system consists of the cranial and spinal nerves and their associated ganglia. On dissection, the cranial and spinal nerves are seen as grayish white cords. They are made up of bundles of nerve fibers (axons) supported by delicate areolar tissue....

 Peripheral Nervous System The peripheral nervous system consists of the cranial and spinal nerves and their associated ganglia. On dissection, the cranial and spinal nerves are seen as grayish white cords. They are made up of bundles of nerve fibers (axons) supported by delicate areolar tissue.  Cranial Nerves There are 12 pairs of cranial nerves that leave the brain and pass through foramina in the skull. All the nerves are distributed in the head and neck except the Xth (vagus), which also supplies structures in the thorax and abdomen. The cranial nerves are named as follows: I. Olfactorynerve – sensory for smell II. Opticnerve – sensory for vision III. Oculomotornerve – motor fibers to eye muscles IV. Trochlearnerve – motor fibers to eye muscles V. Trigeminalnerve – sensory for the face; motor fibers to chewing muscles VI. Abducentnerve – motor fibers to eye muscles VII. Facialnerve – sensory for taste; motor fibers to the face VIII. Vestibulocochlearnerve – sensory for balance and hearing IX. Glossopharyngealnerve – sensory for taste; motor fibers to the pharynx X. Vagusnerve – sensory and motor fibers for pharynx, larynx, and viscera XI. Accessorynerve – motor fibers to neck and upper back XII. Hypoglossalnerve – motor fibers to tongue The olfactory, optic, and vestibulocochlear nerves are entirely sensory; the oculomotor, trochlear, abducent,accessory, and hypoglossal nerves are entirely motor;andthe remaining nerves are mixed. Note: each cranial nerve (CN) has its specific number (No.) e.g. CN I is Olfactory nerve. 5  Peripheral Nervous System The peripheral nervous system consists of the cranial and spinal nerves and their associated ganglia. ‫اﻟﺠﻬﺎز اﻟﻌﺼﺒﻲ اﻟﻤﺤﯿﻄﻲ ﯾﺘﻜﻮن اﻟﺠﻬﺎز اﻟﻌﺼﺒﻲ اﻟﻤﺤﯿﻄﻲ ﻣﻦ اﻷﻋﺼﺎب اﻟﻘﺤﻔﯿﺔ واﻟﺸﻮﻛﯿﺔ واﻟﻌﻘﺪ‬.‫اﻟﻤﺮﺗﺒﻄﺔ ﺑﻬﺎ‬ On dissection, the cranial and spinal nerves are seen as grayish white cords..‫ ُﺗﺮى اﻷﻋﺼﺎب اﻟﻘﺤﻔﯿﺔ واﻟﻌﻤﻮد اﻟﻔﻘﺮي ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺣﺒﺎل ﺑﯿﻀﺎء رﻣﺎدﯾﺔ‬،‫ﻋﻨﺪ اﻟﺘﺸﺮﯾﺢ‬ They are made up of bundles of nerve fibers (axons) supported by delicate areolar tissue..‫وﻫﻲ ﻣﻜﻮﻧﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺣﺰم ﻣﻦ اﻷﻟﯿﺎف اﻟﻌﺼﺒﯿﺔ )ﻣﺤﺎور ﻋﺼﺒﯿﺔ( ﻣﺪﻋﻮﻣﺔ ﺑﺄﻧﺴﺠﺔ ﻫﺎﻟﺔ ﺣﺴﺎﺳﺔ‬ Cranial Nerves There are 12 pairs of cranial nerves that leave the brain and pass through foramina in the skull. ‫زوﺟﺎ ﻣﻦ اﻷﻋﺼﺎب اﻟﻘﺤﻔﯿﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺨﺮج ﻣﻦ اﻟﺪﻣﺎغ وﺗﻤﺮ ﻋﺒﺮ اﻟﺜﻘﺒﺔ‬ ً 12 ‫اﻷﻋﺼﺎب اﻟﻘﺤﻔﯿﺔ ﻫﻨﺎك‬.‫ﻓﻲ اﻟﺠﻤﺠﻤﺔ‬ All the nerves are distributed in the head and neck except the Xth (vagus), which also supplies structures in the thorax and abdomen. ً ‫ اﻟﺬي ﯾﻐﺬي‬،(‫ﺗﺘﻮزع ﺟﻤﯿﻊ اﻷﻋﺼﺎب ﻓﻲ اﻟﺮأس واﻟﺮﻗﺒﺔ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺜﻨﺎء اﻟﻌﺼﺐ اﻟﻌﺎﺷﺮ )اﻟﻤﺒﻬﻢ‬ ‫أﯾﻀﺎ‬.‫اﻟﻬﯿﺎﻛﻞ اﻟﻤﻮﺟﻮدة ﻓﻲ اﻟﺼﺪر واﻟﺒﻄﻦ‬ The cranial nerves are named as follows: I. Olfactorynerve – sensory for smell X. Vagusnerve – sensory and motor fibers for pharynx, larynx, and viscera XI. ‫ اﻟﻌﺼﺐ‬.X ‫ اﻟﻌﺼﺐ اﻟﺸﻤﻲ – اﻟﺤﺴﻲ ﻟﻠﺮاﺋﺤﺔ‬.I :‫ﺗﺘﻢ ﺗﺴﻤﯿﺔ اﻷﻋﺼﺎب اﻟﻘﺤﻔﯿﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻨﺤﻮ اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ‬.XI ‫اﻟﻤﺒﻬﻢ – اﻷﻟﯿﺎف اﻟﺤﺴﯿﺔ واﻟﺤﺮﻛﯿﺔ ﻟﻠﺒﻠﻌﻮم واﻟﺤﻨﺠﺮة واﻷﺣﺸﺎء‬ Accessorynerve – motor fibers to neck and upper back XII..‫اﻟﻌﺼﺐ اﻟﺘﺒﻌﻲ – اﻷﻟﯿﺎف اﻟﺤﺮﻛﯿﺔ ﻟﻠﺮﻗﺒﺔ وأﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻈﻬﺮ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ ﻋﺸﺮ‬ Hypoglossalnerve – motor fibers to VII..‫ﻗﺼﻮر اﻟﻠﺴﺎن – اﻷﻟﯿﺎف اﻟﺤﺮﻛﯿﺔ إﻟﻰ اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻊ‬ @xFxBot ‫( | ﺗُﺮﺟﻤﺖ ﺑﻮاﺳﻄﺔ‬5) ‫ﺻﻔﺤﺔ‬ Facialnerve – sensory for taste; motor fibers to the face VIII..‫ اﻷﻟﯿﺎف اﻟﺤﺮﻛﯿﺔ ﻟﻠﻮﺟﻪ اﻟﺜﺎﻣﻦ‬.‫اﻟﻌﺼﺐ اﻟﻮﺟﻬﻲ – ﺣﺴﻲ ﻟﻠﺬوق‬ Vestibulocochlearnerve – sensory for balance and hearing IX..‫اﻟﻌﺼﺐ اﻟﺪﻫﻠﯿﺰي اﻟﻘﻮﻗﻌﻲ – اﻟﺤﺴﻲ ﻟﻠﺘﻮازن واﻟﺴﻤﻊ اﻟﺘﺎﺳﻊ‬ Glossopharyngealnerve – sensory for taste; motor fibers to the pharynx ‫ اﻷﻟﯿﺎف اﻟﺤﺮﻛﯿﺔ إﻟﻰ اﻟﺒﻠﻌﻮم‬.‫اﻟﻌﺼﺐ اﻟﻠﺴﺎﻧﻲ اﻟﺒﻠﻌﻮﻣﻲ – ﺣﺴﻲ ﻟﻠﺬوق‬ II..‫ﺛﺎﻧﯿﺎ‬ Opticnerve – sensory for vision III..III ‫اﻟﻌﺼﺐ اﻟﺒﺼﺮي – ﺣﺴﻲ ﻟﻠﺮؤﯾﺔ‬ Oculomotornerve – motor fibers to eye muscles IV..IV ‫اﻟﻌﺼﺐ اﻟﻤﺤﺮك ﻟﻠﻌﯿﻦ – اﻷﻟﯿﺎف اﻟﺤﺮﻛﯿﺔ ﻟﻌﻀﻼت اﻟﻌﯿﻦ‬ Trochlearnerve – motor fibers to eye muscles V. Trigeminalnerve – sensory for the face; motor fibers to chewing muscles VI..‫ اﻟﻌﺼﺐ اﻟﺜﻼﺛﻲ اﻟﺘﻮاﺋﻢ – اﻟﺤﺴﻲ ﻟﻠﻮﺟﻪ‬.V ‫اﻟﻌﺼﺐ اﻟﺒﻜﺮي – اﻷﻟﯿﺎف اﻟﺤﺮﻛﯿﺔ ﻟﻌﻀﻼت اﻟﻌﯿﻦ‬.‫اﻷﻟﯿﺎف اﻟﺤﺮﻛﯿﺔ ﻟﻌﻀﻼت اﻟﻤﻀﻎ ﺳﺎدﺳﺎ‬ Abducentnerve – motor fibers to eye muscles tongue The olfactory, optic, and vestibulocochlear nerves are entirely sensory; the oculomotor, trochlear, abducent,accessory, and hypoglossal nerves are entirely motor;andthe remaining nerves are mixed. ‫ اﻷﻋﺼﺎب اﻟﺸﻤﯿﺔ واﻟﺒﺼﺮﯾﺔ واﻟﺪﻫﻠﯿﺰﯾﺔ‬.‫ اﻷﻟﯿﺎف اﻟﺤﺮﻛﯿﺔ ﻟﻌﻀﻼت اﻟﻌﯿﻦ واﻟﻠﺴﺎن‬- ‫اﻟﻌﺼﺐ اﻟﻤﺒﻌﺪ‬ ،‫ واﻟﻤﻠﺤﻘﺎت‬،‫ واﻟﻤﺒﻌﺪة‬،‫ واﻷﻋﺼﺎب اﻟﺒﻜﺮﯾﺔ‬،‫اﻟﻘﻮﻗﻌﯿﺔ ﺣﺴﯿﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻜﺎﻣﻞ؛ إن اﻷﻋﺼﺎب اﻟﻤﺤﺮﻛﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﯿﻦ‬.‫ أﻣﺎ اﻷﻋﺼﺎب اﻟﻤﺘﺒﻘﯿﺔ ﻓﻬﻲ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻄﺔ‬،‫وﺗﺤﺖ اﻟﻠﺴﺎن ﻫﻲ أﻋﺼﺎب ﺣﺮﻛﯿﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻜﺎﻣﻞ‬ Note: each cranial nerve (CN) has its specific number (No.) (‫( ﻟﻪ رﻗﻤﻪ اﻟﻤﺤﺪد )رﻗﻢ‬CN) ‫ ﻛﻞ ﻋﺼﺐ ﻗﺤﻔﻲ‬:‫ﻣﻠﺤﻮﻇﺔ‬ @xFxBot ‫( | ﺗُﺮﺟﻤﺖ ﺑﻮاﺳﻄﺔ‬5) ‫ﺻﻔﺤﺔ‬ ‫‪e.g.‬‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﺒﯿﻞ اﻟﻤﺜﺎل‬ ‫‪CN I is Olfactory nerve.‬‬ ‫‪ CN I‬ﻫﻮ اﻟﻌﺼﺐ اﻟﺸﻤﻲ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺻﻔﺤﺔ )‪ | (5‬ﺗُﺮﺟﻤﺖ ﺑﻮاﺳﻄﺔ ‪@xFxBot‬‬