leadership.pdf

 interpersonal process that involves influencing others (followers) to achieve goals.  the accomplishment of tasks or goals by oneself or by directing others. Planning  Determining objectives and identifying methods that lead to achievement of objectives Organizing  Using resources (human and...

 interpersonal process that involves influencing others (followers) to achieve goals.  the accomplishment of tasks or goals by oneself or by directing others. Planning  Determining objectives and identifying methods that lead to achievement of objectives Organizing  Using resources (human and material) to achieve predetermined outcomes Directing  Guiding and motivating others to meet expected outcomes Controlling  Using performance standards as criteria for measuring success and taking corrective action Great man theory Leaders are born not made Charismatic: Based on personal beliefs and characteristics of influence Quantum  maintaining a balance between tension and order prevents an unstable environment and promotes creativity Relational  Based on collaboration and teamwork Servant  Based on a desire to serve others; Shared  Based on the belief that several individuals share the responsibility for achieving the health care agency’s goals Transactional  Based on the principles of social exchange theory using a reward and punishment system Transformational  focuses on promoting change through a shared vision Her former manager demonstrated passion for SERVING HER STAFF RATHER THAN BEING SERVED. She takes time to listen, prefers to be a teacher first before being a leader, which is characteristic of A. Transformational leader B. Transactional leader C. Servant leader D. Charismatic leader One leadership theory state that “LEADERS ARE BORN AND NOT MADE,” which refers to which of the following theories?  Trait  Charismatic  Great Man  Situational Which of the following is consider the type of leadership IN X THEORY? A. Authoritarian B. Autocratic C. Democratic Which of the following is consider the type of leadership IN Y THEORY? A. Authoritarian B. Autocratic C. Democratic Which of the following is consider the type of leadership of Human Relationship HR? A. Authoritarian B. Autocratic C. Democratic Upward Communication  Communication from LOW authority to HIGH authority. Downward Communication  Communication from HIGH level authority to LOW authority. Diagonal Communication Communication between managers and workers located in different functional divisions Lateral (Horizontal) communication  Is between department and personnel on the SAME level of hierarchy. Interpersonal communication  people communicate with same culture, goals, values and ethics Intrapersonal communication.  people communicate their own belief . culture, goals, values ethical Horn Effect  LOW evaluation Halo effect . and  High evaluation and reward Central tendency  Average evaluation Subordinate evalution Worker evaluate manager A head nurse of an intensive care unit wrote a report about the needs of her department and gave it to the nursing supervisor . Which of the following types of communication is this?  Upward  Horizontal  Diagonal  Downward The head nurse gives LOW EVALUATION to the nurse because of her late. What is the type of her evaluation effect? A. Halo effect B. Horn effect C. Central tendency D. Central effect The head nurse is too busy to give evaluation to her staff. She gave to everyone average evaluation. What is the evaluation type that the head nurse used  Halo effect  Horn effect  Central tendency Authoritarian leadership )Autocratic(  maintains strong control, makes decisions, and addresses all problems.  Dominates ‫يسيطر‬the group and commands rather than seeks suggestions Unity of command  follow orders and instructions from manger and not from anyone else Centralized organization  Organization in which making of decisions done by the top of the organization (managers of a department or unit)  In autocratic styles leader Use downward communication  Organization used autocratic style called tall organization Democratic leadership (participative management)  every group member should share in problem solving and the development of goals  obtains participation from the group and then makes the best decision for the organization,  “talk with the members”  Unity of direction  The need to put their efforts together towards the attainment of the goals of the program.  Organization used democratic style called flat or horizontal organization Laissez-faire leadership  passive, nondirective, and inactive approach  Decision making is left to the group Situational leadership  uses a combination of styles based on the current circumstances and events Transformational leadership  Motivates staff members through a shared vision and mission  Encourages and praises staff members and inspires them to improve performance levels while earning staff respect and loyalty During Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) for a 75-year-oldman in the Emergency Department, the doctor introduce himself as a leader for the CPR. What is the most appropriateleadership style for this situation?  Autocratic  Democratic  Bureaucratic  Laissez-faire A nurse manager is open minded, listens to the team, understands others, makes changes toimprove unit operations and procedures . What type of leadership style is this  Situational  Democratic  Compassionate  Transformational Nurse supervising on assistant nurses and delegate assignment to him and say “diving up patient's assignment." what type of leadership  Autocratic  laissez-faire  Situational  transformational A nurse manager includes staff in decision-making process what unit structure is used?  Divisional  Centralized  Functional  Decentralized What is the main limitation of democratic style of leadership ?  it ignores the incompetent personnel  cannot be used in emergency situations  decreases collaboration among the team  may end up in inappropriate decision making  ability to influence others and control their actions to achieve desired results. Types of Power Reward:  Ability to provide incentives Coercive:  Ability to punish Referent:  Based on attraction, loyalty, and respect Expert:  Based on having an expert knowledge foundation and skill level Legitimate:  Based on a position in society Nursing supervisor newly elected Wants to use disciplinary evaluation to nurses’ behavior " What type of power she is using?  Legitimate  Coercive  Reward  Expert Functional nursing  focuses on the delegated task rather than the total client advantage the nurse can care for greater numbers of clients a disadvantage  lack of accountability due to fragmented care. Team nursing  registered nurse (team leader) responsible for assessing clients, analyzing client data, planning, and evaluating each client’s plan of care Relationship-based practice (primary nursing)  One (primary) nurse is responsible for managing and coordinating the client’s care Client-focused care (case method)  The client may have different nurses assigned during a 24-hour period  the registered nurse assumes total responsibility for planning and delivering care to a client  vision The future the organization plans to create. Mission Describes the organization's over all purpose Practice The nurse is caring for 6 patients. Providing for them all care and activities. What is the type of nurse according to nursing care delivery system? A⁃ primary B⁃ Case management C⁃ Functional D⁃ Team Autonomy Respect for an individual’s right to making On orientation day, a nurse educator said to a new nurse" our hospital provides the highest level of specialized healthcare in an integrated educational and research setting" which of the following aspects of the hospital's strategic plan is indicated by this statement  Vision  Policy  Values  Mission He discusses the goal of the department. Which of the following statements is a goal?  Eliminate the incidence of delayed medications  Establish rapport with patients.  Reduce response time to two minutes.  Increase the patient satisfaction rate administration  one’s own decisions Nonmaleficence:  The obligation to cause no harm to another. Beneficence:  The duty to do good to others and to maintain a balance between benefits and harms of Paternalism  undesirable outcome of beneficence  health care provider decides what is best for the client and encourages the client to act against their own choices Justice  The equitable distribution of potential benefits between patients confidentiality/information security  protection of privacy of the client’s Veracity:  The obligation to tell the truth and communicate truthfully Fidelity  The duty to do what one has promised, to maintain loyalty and commitment to the client Ethical dilemma  the nurse must make a choice between two alternatives that are equally unsatisfactory Advocate  acts on the behalf of the client  protects the client’s right to make their own decisions Accountability  responsibility for one’s choices, decisions and actions. Negligence  conduct that falls below the standard of care include acts of commission ‫عموله‬and acts of omission. ‫السهو‬ Malpractice  negligence on the part of the nurse. if the nurse owed a duty to the client and did not carry out the duty and the client was injured because the nurse failed to perform the duty Assault  puts another person in fear of a harmful or offensive contact Battery  an intentional touching of another’s body without the other’s consent. False imprisonment  occurs when a client is not allowed to leave a health care facility when there is no legal justification to detain ‫حجز‬the client.  occurs when restraining devices are used without an appropriate clinical need. Defamation ‫تشهير‬  false communication that causes damage to someone’s reputation‫سمعه‬ types (libel) >>>>in writing (slander)>>>>verbally Fraud  results from a deliberate deception ‫الخداع المتعمد‬intended to produce unlawful gains. Female patient will do the breast implant surgery and she tell the nurse NOT TO TELL HER FAMILY ABOUT THE SURGERY. What is the nature of this action? A-confidentiality B-ethical dilemma C-illegal nursing practice D-medico-legal practice A 40-year-old man was admitted to a male medical department with pneumonia. A nurse in the department explained and obtained informed consent for a chest CT scan procedure with contrast.with of the following ethical principles underpinning informed consent.? A. Autonomy B. Non maleficence C. Beneficence D. Respect A patient refuses a simple procedure that you believe is in the patient's best interest. The two ethical principles that are directly in conflict in such a situation are  Fidelity and justice.  Veracity and fidelity.  Autonomy and beneficence.  Paternalism and respect for others An 80 year-old man has Alzheimer's disease and increasingly has frequent periods of dementia during which he doesn't remember family members names, and is not oriented to person, place or time. The health care provider speaks with the man's son about becoming the medical power of attorney for his father who is no longer able to do this for himself. Which two elements of informed consent does the father lack  Autonomy and fidelity  Confidentiality and justice  Competence and comprehension  Voluntariness the nurse is preparing to give injection to patient. The patient refused to get medication. Then the nurse forced him and gave the injection to him aggressively. What is the description of nurse action?  Assault  Battery  Abuse  Malpractice the patient asked nurse to check his temperature then the nurse ignore the patient and she didn't give him care?  Malpractice  Negligence  Slander  legal documents that indicate the client’s permission to perform surgery, a treatment or procedure  The client must be informed, in understandable terms, of the risks and benefits of the surgery or treatment  A consent must be signed freely by the client without threat or pressure  must be witnessed  A competent client 18 years of age or older must sign the consent.  A client may withdraw consent at any time The nurses in the Male Medical Unit took a signature on the from a patient who needs an abdominal CT with contrast. What is the best nursing practice  Consent should be taken after the procedure  Verbal consent is acceptable for this procedure  Consent should be taken from the patient's relatives  Consent should be taken according to the organization's Surgeon instructs a nurse to serve as a witness to an elderly patient’s informed consent for surgery. During the explanations to the patient, it becomes clear that the patient is confused and does not understand the procedure, but reluctantly sign the consent form. The nurse should  Sign the form as a witness, making a nation that the patient did not appear to understand  Not sign the form as a witness and notify the nurse supervisor  Not sign the form and answer the patient’s questions after the surgeon leaves the room  Clearly identify the client’s name and room number.  Date and time the entry.  Repeat the prescription to the primary health care provider (PHCP), and record the prescription.  Sign the prescription; begin with “t.o.” (telephone order), write the PHCP’s name, and sign the prescription  dynamic process that leads to an alteration in behaviour Three elements for successful change Unfreezing  first phase of the process  the problem is identified and individuals involved gather facts and evidence supporting a basis for change. moving and changing phase  change is planned and implemented. Refreezing  the last phase of the process, during which the change becomes stabilized Avoidance .  Unassertive and uncooperative Postpone dealing with problem ‫إذا اعطاني في السؤال المعلومات التاليه‬ (Can we talk about it later) Competition  Follow their own needs and goals at the expense of others )One winner ,another loser) ‫مثال‬ Compromise ,collaboration  Assertive and cooperative work creatively and openly to achieve important goals and concerns We can meet half away ‫حل وسط‬ Directing or (Accommodation) We can worry about relationship later (one side is given to the patient) As a young manager, she knows that conflict occurs in any organization. Which of the following statements regarding conflict is NOT true  Can be destructive if the level is too high  Is not beneficial; hence it should be always prevented  May result in poor performance  May create leader The head nurse notice conflict between the stuff nurses and try to solve this conflict. She told them that one side give in the patient satisfaction What type of this solution  Avoidance  Accommodation  Compromise  D. Collaboration What is the best strategy for resolving the conflict in a situation in which two staff nurses request the same vacation weeks  Accommodation  Competition  Collaboration  Avoidance  standardized communication technique that improves communication among team members when sharing information on a client.  Situation, associated Background information, Assessment data, and Recommendations for care(  begins when the client is admitted to the hospital or health care facility A nurse responsible for narcotic medication loses on ampule .morphine. She reports the problem to nurse manager. Which of the following is the first thing she should say according to the SBAR approach?  I have lost one ampule of morphine  We should ask the nurse about the morphine  I think I left the lid of narcotics box open  We should open an investigation into problem  strategy used to evaluate the severity of injury of each victim as quickly as possible and to tag the victims in about 30 to 60 seconds Emergent (Red):  Priority 1 (Highest)  This classification is assigned to clients who have life-threatening injuries and need immediate attention Urgent (Yellow):  Priority 2  clients whose injuries have complications that are not lifethreatening,  provided that they are treated within 30 minutes to 2 hours Nonurgent (Green): Priority 3  do not have immediate complications and who can wait at least 2 hours for medical treatment  these clients require evaluation every 1 to 2 hours thereafter