Law Exam Review PDF

​ 1.​ Citizen’s duty – Helping a police officer with an arrest. ​ 2.​ Quebec Civil Code – Quebec’s laws are like France’s. ​ 3.​ Hammurabi’s Code – Old, strict laws. ​ 4.​ Fundamental freedoms – Basic rights. ​ 5.​ Centre vs. perimeter – Centre = crime scene, perimeter =...

​ 1.​ Citizen’s duty – Helping a police officer with an arrest. ​ 2.​ Quebec Civil Code – Quebec’s laws are like France’s. ​ 3.​ Hammurabi’s Code – Old, strict laws. ​ 4.​ Fundamental freedoms – Basic rights. ​ 5.​ Centre vs. perimeter – Centre = crime scene, perimeter = area around it. ​ 6.​ Levels of government – Federal, provincial, municipal. ​ 7.​ Constitution Act – Defines government powers. ​ 8.​ Automatism – Acting without knowing (e.g., sleepwalking). ​ 9.​ Charter legal rights – Rights under the Charter. ​ 10.​ Intoxication defense – Can’t always use being drunk as a defense. ​ 11.​ No mens rea in automatism – No guilty mind in automatism. ​ 12.​ Two years less a day – Under 2 years = provincial, over 2 years = federal. ​ 13.​ Direct discrimination – Clear, direct unfair treatment. ​ 14.​ Habeas Corpus – Right to go to court if jailed. ​ 15.​ Mistake of fact vs. law – Fact = wrong info, law = misunderstanding a rule. ​ 16.​ Direct evidence – Witness sees the crime. ​ 17.​ Quasi-criminal offense – Minor crime, like speeding. ​ 1.​ Citizen’s arrest – Can only be made for serious (indictable) crimes. ​ 2.​ Aiding & Abetting – Helping or encouraging someone to commit a crime. ​ 3.​ Provincial police force – Each province has its own police service. ​ 4.​ Strict liability offence – You can defend yourself by proving you weren’t negligent. ​ 5.​ Juries in Ontario – Only used for serious cases. ​ 6.​ Summary vs. hybrid vs. indictable offences – Different levels of crime severity. ​ 7.​ Complainant vs. respondent – Complainant is the accuser; respondent is the accused. ​ 8.​ Types of law – Domestic (local), international (between countries), public (government-related), private (between people). ​ 9.​ Testifying – Giving evidence in court. ​ 10.​ Charter & human rights – Protects the most important legal rights. ​ 11.​ Prohibited discrimination – Certain types of discrimination are illegal in Ontario. ​ 12.​ YCJA (Youth Criminal Justice Act) – Applies to ages 12-17. ​ 13.​ Judge vs. jury trials – Judge-only trials are often quicker. ​ 14.​ Appearance notice – A document telling you when to appear in court. ​ 15.​ Defensive necessity – A legal defense for breaking the law in emergencies. ​ 16.​ Private law – Deals with family and personal matters. ​ 17.​ Interveners – Third parties who get involved in a case. ​ 18.​ Jury system origin – Came from Britain. ​ 19.​ Mental disorder in criminal law – Can affect criminal responsibility. ​ 20.​ Provocation – Not a defense for murder. ​ 21.​ Pre-sentence report – A report made by a probation officer before sentencing. ​ 22.​ Double jeopardy – You can’t be charged twice for the same crime. ​ 23.​ Dangerous offender – A person who can be jailed indefinitely. ​ 24.​ Parties to an offence – More than one person can commit a crime together. ​ 25.​ Recidivism – When someone reoffends after being released from jail. ​ 26.​ Maximum sentence in Canada – 25 years. ​ 27.​ Insanity defense – Now called “mental disorder.” ​ 28.​ Mens rea – The mental intent to commit a crime. ​ 29.​ Infanticide – Killing an infant. ​ 30.​ Scenario – A specific situation or example. ​ 1.​ Public Law – Laws about government and police actions. ​ 2.​ Parole Board Considerations – They do not consider personal opinions or media influence. ​ 3.​ Not a Charter Right – Example: The right to property is not in the Charter. ​ 4.​ Another Name for Duress – Compulsion (being forced to commit a crime). ​ 5.​ Purpose of Sentencing – To deter (stop) others from committing crimes. ​ 6.​ Prohibited Grounds of Discrimination – The Ontario Human Rights Code bans discrimination based on race, gender, religion, etc. (some things are not included). ​ 7.​ Purpose of a Preliminary Hearing – To see if there’s enough evidence for a trial. ​ 8.​ Magna Carta – Says everyone is equal under the law. ​ 9.​ Mitigating & Aggravating Factors – Things that make a crime less or more serious in sentencing. ​ 10.​ Great Laws of Manu – Ancient Indian laws. ​ 11.​ S. 33 (Notwithstanding Clause) – Lets the government pass laws even if they go against the Charter (for 5 years). ​ 12.​ Intra Vires vs. Ultra Vires Intra vires = within government power, Ultra vires = beyond government power (illegal).