Law Exam Review Sheet PDF

Unit 1: Legal Foundations ========================= The functions of law: --------------------- - - - - - - - - - The difference between rules and laws ------------------------------------- - #### Rules - - - #### Laws - - - #### How are they di...

Unit 1: Legal Foundations ========================= The functions of law: --------------------- - - - - - - - - - The difference between rules and laws ------------------------------------- - #### Rules - - - #### Laws - - - #### How are they different? - - - Types of law (constitutional, administrative, criminal, torts, labour, etc. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- #### **[Public Law]** - deals with the relationship between government and individuals - #### **[Private Law]** (AKA CIVIL LAW) - deals with the interests of private individuals - #### **[Procedural law] -** Sets out the rules of legal conduct - #### **[Common Law] -** A body of law created from previous court decisions - - - - #### [Substantive Law] - - - - - #### **[Constitutional Law -]** Are the basic laws of nation states - #### Administrative Law - #### Criminal Law - - - #### Environmental Law - - #### Tax and Aboriginal Law - - #### TORT (private) - - #### Estate Law (private) - - #### Family Law (private) - #### Property Law (private) - #### Commercial Law (private) - #### Contract Law (private) - - - - #### Labor Law (private) - - - Public vs. Private law ---------------------- #### Public Law: - - #### Private Law: - - - Court system structure (levels of courts) ----------------------------------------- ***Canadian Court System Structure:*** #### Provincial Court (Level 1): - - - #### Superior Court (Level 2): - - #### Federal/Provincial court of appeal (Level 3): - - - #### Supreme court of Canada (Level 4): - - - - - - - - - History/Origins of law\*Origins of Law -------------------------------------- +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+ | Rule of | (1215 | Freedom of | Basis of US | Impacted | | Law- Magna | onward) | the church, | declaration | our charter | | Carta | | law of the | of | of rights | | | England | land, civil | independenc | and | | | | liberties, | e | freedoms | | | | limit royal | and UN's | | | | | authority, | declaration | | | | | fair trial, | of human | | | | | no | rights, | | | | | arbitrary | similar | | | | | detention | rights | | +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+ - Rule of precedent ----------------- *Precedent Law - Created England 16th century* - - - - - Unit 2: Human Rights ==================== - Canada's constitution --------------------- #### What is a Constitution? - - - #### Why is the Constitution so important? - - - - - History and development of Canada's constitution (British North- ---------------------------------------------------------------- *A Brief History of Canada's Constitution:* #### 1867: The British North American Act - - - #### 1982: Constitution Act - - - - #### 1987: Meech Lake Accord - *1985 - New negotiations began to persuade Quebec to sign the Constitution* - - #### 1992: Charlottetown Accord - - - - - Making a law/How a bill becomes a law ------------------------------------- - - [First Reading] - - - - [Second Reading] - - - - - - [Committee Stage] - [Third Reading] - - - - - [Senate] - - [Proclamation Date] - [Provincial Government] - - - - Division of powers between levels of government ----------------------------------------------- +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | Federal Government Powers | Provincial Government (Section | | (Section 91) | 92) | +===================================+===================================+ | - - - - - - - - | - - - - - - | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ - Development of human rights in Canada ------------------------------------- Development of the Canadian Charter of Right and Freedoms - - - - - - - Influences on human rights in Canada (Magna Carta, American Bill ---------------------------------------------------------------- - Charter of Rights and Freedoms ------------------------------ - - - - - - - - All Charter Clauses: [[https://docs.google.com/document/d/17SJEFszFFJX26Ad-KFvURqUkhOeOGnnzMpG4scTJmM0/edit?tab=t.0]](https://docs.google.com/document/d/17SJEFszFFJX26Ad-KFvURqUkhOeOGnnzMpG4scTJmM0/edit?tab=t.0) - Oakes Case and Test ------------------- *How to analyze a charter case:* -------------------------------- *Does the charter apply to the case?* ------------------------------------- *Is one party the government and is one party the individual (Government vs. Individual)?* ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ *Has a right or freedom in the charter been infringed upon?* ------------------------------------------------------------ *Is there a right or freedom that has been infringed upon that is in the charter?* ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- *Does Section 1 (The reasonable limits clause) justify the infringement? (Oakes test is applied here)* ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ *The Oakes case:* ----------------- - *In 1981 David Oakes was stopped by the police, and was found with 8 vials of hash oil, and was charged with possession and with trafficking because they deemed that he had so much that it could not be for personal use.* ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - *Part of the Narcotics Control Act said that if you are caught with over a certain amount of drugs you are guilty of trafficking, and it's your job to prove your innocence.* ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - *This was in disaccord with the new charter, and he took it to court* --------------------------------------------------------------------- - Ontario Human Rights Code/Commission ------------------------------------ [What is the OHRC] - - - Protect... 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Unit 3: Criminal Law ==================== - General ------- Criminal vs. Civil law - - - - - - - - - - - Definition of a crime - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Purpose of criminal law - - - - Types of criminal offences (indictable, summary, hybrid) - - - - - - - - - - Parties to offences - aiding, abetting, accessory after the fact - - - - - - - - - - Criminal Code ------------- - - - \- What the SIU does not investigate: - Sammy Yatim - - - - - - #### Murder/Homicide - - - - - - - - - - - - - - #### Assault - - - - - - - - - - #### Sexual Assault - - - - - - - - - - #### Robbery - - - - #### Kidnapping & Abduction - - - - - Criminal Procedures ------------------- - - - - Criminal Defences (self-defence, legal duty, excusable conduct, --------------------------------------------------------------- - #### Self Defence - - #### Legal Duty - - #### Excusable conduct: - - - #### Mental Disorder - - #### Automatism - - - #### Intoxication - - - #### Consent - - - #### Entrapment - - #### Double Jeopardy - - #### Battered partner syndrome - - #### Mistake of Law - - #### Mistake of Fact - - #### Provocation [Sentencing] ------------------------ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ### Goals of Sentencing - #### Protect the public - - - - #### Retribution - - - - #### Deterrence - - - - #### Rehabilitation - - - - - - - #### Restitution - - - #### Sentencing Procedures - - - - Prison system & release from prison ----------------------------------- Levels of prisons: - - - [Provincial Correctional Services] ---------------------------------------------- Are responsible for: - - - - - - [Federal Correctional Services] - ### Release from Prison [Parole: ] - [Day parole:] - - [Full Parole] - - - [Info compiled during parole review ] - - - - - [Statutory release ] **Definition = spending the final ⅓** of your sentence in the community under supervision (exception to this is life or indeterminate sentences ) - - - [Dangerous offenders] **Definition:** - - - **In order to declare someone a dangerous offender one of the following must exist:** - - - - - Youth Justice System -------------------- [Incapacity of children:] - - - - [History of youth crime acts:] - - - - - - - - [Juvenile Delinquents act (Enacted 1908, revised 1929):] - - - - - - - - - [Young Offenders Act (1984-2003):] - - - - - By 2000, Canada had one of the highest rates of youth incarceration in the world - - - - - - [Youth Criminal Justice Act (2003-present) (replaced the young offenders act in 2003)] - - - The purpose of the act is to: I. II. III. - - [The Premature Teen Brain ] - - - - [[Youth and the Law Slideshow]](https://tdsb.elearningontario.ca/d2l/le/lessons/25633170/topics/223751538) - Limitations of the Canadian legal system/Wrongfully Convicted ------------------------------------------------------------- **[Limitations of the Canadian Legal System ]** - - - - - - - - - - - - - -