Landforms: Types, Formation, and Erosion PDF

**Landforms types:** - Ocean: Large water body - Sea: Smaller and less deeper water body - Lagoon: Lake with sea water. - Bay: water area covered by land from three sides. - Peninsula: Land area covered by water from three sides. - Valley: - Rift valley: middle portion subme...

**Landforms types:** - Ocean: Large water body - Sea: Smaller and less deeper water body - Lagoon: Lake with sea water. - Bay: water area covered by land from three sides. - Peninsula: Land area covered by water from three sides. - Valley: - Rift valley: middle portion submerge - Ramp valley: middle portion ramp type. - V shaped: - U shaped: - Passes: connects two places through valleys and mountains. - Strait: separates two land bodies and connects two water bodies. - Mountains: - Folded: formed by convergence of plates. E.g. Himalaya, Rockies, Andes, Atlas, Alps, Great Diving range - Residual: (or old folded mountains) formed by erosion from external factors e.g. Rain e.g. Aravali, Nilgiri, Apletian (Canada) - Block mountains: formed due to cracks in plates due to divergence forces, due to which some part of plate submerges down (called rift valley) and some part remains as it is (uplifted) e.g. Satpuda, Black forest (Germany) - Volcanic: formed by volcano after becoming cold. Kilimanjaro (Tanzania, Africa) Landforms: Formed as per Hardness and softness of rocks: +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ | | River | Glacier | Wind | +=================+=================+=================+=================+ | Erosional | V Shaped valley | U shaped valley | Inselberg | | | | | | | On Upper parts | George Canyon | Hanging valley | Mushroom rock | | | | | | | | | | Demoisells | +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ | | Waterfall | Circue | Zeuzen | | | | | | | | Cataract | Arete | Yardong | | | | | | | | Rapids | | | +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ | On Middle part | Meanders | Nunatak | Dreikanter | | | | | | | | Ox bow lake | Rock montanee | | | | | | | | | | Crag & tail | | +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ | Depositional | Alluvial fans | Morain | Sand dunes | | | | | | | | Delta | Drumlin | Barkhans | | | | | | | | | Eskers | Loess | +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ - Canyon: Rock cycle transformation and stone formation process labeled outline diagram. Geological scheme with heat, pressure, weathering and lithification force vector illustration. Educational explanation. **Rock Transformation:** +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | **Igneous** | **Metamorphic** | **Sedimentary** | +=======================+=======================+=======================+ | No layer, No fossil | Slate | Shale | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | Non porous | Marble | Limestone/ chalk | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | | Quartz | Sandstone | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | Granite | Gneisses | | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | Basalt | Amphibolite | | | | | | | | Schist | | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | | | Coal | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+