Legal, Ethical, and Societal Issues in Media and Information PDF

The LEGAL, ETHICAL and SOCIETAL ISSUES in Media and Information  DEFAMATION ▪A statement that injuries a third party’s reputation a. Libel–written statements b. Slander-spoken statements To win a defamation case, a plaintiff must show four things: ▪1. A declaration that a false statement is a...

The LEGAL, ETHICAL and SOCIETAL ISSUES in Media and Information  DEFAMATION ▪A statement that injuries a third party’s reputation a. Libel–written statements b. Slander-spoken statements To win a defamation case, a plaintiff must show four things: ▪1. A declaration that a false statement is a fact; ▪2. Publication or communication of that statement to a third person; ▪3. Fault; ▪4. Damages to the subject (person, institution, etc.) of the statement  BULLYING “Refers to any severe, or repeated abuse by one or more students of a written, verbal or electronic expression, or a physical act or gesture or any combination thereof, directed at another student that has the effect of actually causing or placing the latter in reasonable fear of physical or emotional harm or damage to his property; creating a hostile environment at school for the other students; infringing on the rights of another students at school.”  BULLYING 1. Any unwanted physical contact between the bully and the victim like punching, pushing, shoving, kicking, slapping, tickling, headlocks, inflicting school pranks, teasing, fighting and the use of available objects as weapons; 2. Any act that causes damage to a victim’s psyche and /or emotional well-being; 3. Any slanderous statement or accusation that causes the victim undue emotional distress like directing foul language or profanity at the target, name -calling, tormenting and commenting negatively on victim’s looks, clothes and body.”  BULLYING ▪R.A. 10627 Anti-Bullying Act  CYBERBULLYING ▪A type bullying done online with the use of technology like computers, laptops, and cellphone that can destroy the physical and emotional aspect of the victim (called as bullied) by the one who does the act (refers as bully). ▪The different forms of cyberbullying are posting shameful pictures or videos in social media, sending threatening or hurtful messages through chatting or text messages.  PRIVACY ▪Freedom from unauthorized intrusion ▪One’s personal information is protected from scrutiny  PRIVACY (at risk) ▪Oversharing details of our lives online: Stalking, harassment PROTECTION OF PRIVACY ▪Privacy functions ▪Blocking and reporting ▪Self-discretion OBSCENITY AND PORNOGRAPHY ▪Although related, these terms are not the same.  PORNOGRAPHY ▪Refers to any material that uses the elements of nudity to cause sexual arousal.  OBSCENITY ▪Refers to any material that causes disgust and offensive to the audience  COPYRIGHT ▪Means the right to copy ▪Protection for original works of authorship COPYRIGHT ▪Reproduce ▪Distribute ▪Perform ▪License ▪Prepare derivative works  COPYRIGHT ▪Images (graphic designs, photos, drawings) ▪Written Works (books, manuscripts, publications) ▪Audio content (music and any other sound recordings) ▪Performance arts (play, movies, shows, etc.)  COPYRIGHT ▪Violation of copyright = PLAGIARISM  ▪PLAGIARISM ▪Someone else’s work is used by a different person and claimed it as his/her own  FAIR USE ▪Limits the exclusive rights of the copyright owner  FAIR USE ▪works are subject to criticism, comment, reporting, teaching, research NETIQUETTE NETIQUETTE is a set of rules for behaving properly online - Virginia Shea, 1997 1. Remember the Human Putting oneself in other’s shoes. Remember that the receiver on the other side of the computer/phone is another human being.  2. Adhere to the same standards of behaviour that one follows in real life Good netiquette is derived from the same standards set in real life. 3. Know where you are in the cyberspace Acceptable behaviour varies on the domain you are on 4. Respect other people’s time and bandwith Ensure that time is not wasted by delivering nonsense or unsolicited information 5. Make oneself good online Being decent, smart and well- mannered individual  6. Share expert knowledge Experts contributing valuable information and making them available to many is a positive effect of the media and information age.  7. Help keep flame wars under control The right to speech and expression does not give anyone the right to crucify others with a different view.  8. Respect other people’s privacy No one should access social media profiles of others without their consent.  9. Don’t abuse one’s own power If one has been given some authority over online networks, he or she must not use it out of the context of one’s own job.  10. Be forgiving of other people’s mistakes. Correct someone politely. Do not shame others by broadcasting it publicly.