L1 Health Promotion, Health Education and Public Health (1).pdf

Lecture:1 Theoretical perspectives: health promotion, health education and public health. Updated by: Ms. Nawal Almaheyani  (P. 2)  Health Definition (P.1&2) The Oxford English Dictionary (2019) defines health as “the state of b...

Lecture:1 Theoretical perspectives: health promotion, health education and public health. Updated by: Ms. Nawal Almaheyani  (P. 2)  Health Definition (P.1&2) The Oxford English Dictionary (2019) defines health as “the state of being free from illness or injury”. The World Health Organization (WHO) (1948) defines health as “a state of complete physical, mental and social wellbeing and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity”.  Which of the following is defined as “a state of complete physical, mental and social wellbeing and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity”? A. Health. B. Wellbeing. C. Public health. D. Health education.  The difference between traditional medical model and WHO definition of health (P.2) - It recognise that health is a holistic concept: to Support the - It measures disease and illness which has a understanding of people and their behaviours and, to biological origin that can be cured with a Promotes a person-centred philosophy which can enhance physical or chemical intervention management and treatment of a condition. - It considers the person as having many interrelating Facets - It positions the doctor as having more control (aspects) which include: than the patient. - Biological - Sociological - Psychological - Emotional - Cultural - Spiritual  Wellbeing Definition Well-being is the experience of health, happiness, and prosperity. It includes having good mental health, high life satisfaction, a sense of meaning or purpose, and the ability to manage stress. 1. Emotional Well-Being. The ability to practice stress-management and relaxation techniques, be resilient, boost self-love, and generate the emotions that lead to good feelings. 2. Physical Well-Being. The ability to improve the functioning of your body through healthy living and good exercise habits. 3. Social Well-Being. The ability to communicate, develop meaningful relationships with others, and maintain a support network that helps you overcome loneliness. 4. Workplace Well-Being. The ability to pursue your interests, values, and life purpose in order to gain meaning, happiness, and enrichment professionally. 5. Societal Well-Being. The ability to actively participate in a thriving community, culture, and environment. - Health from a lay perspective is multi-dimensional. - Therefore, the concept of health and wellbeing varies from person to person. A range of factors influence this such as: 1- An individual’s previous and current experiences. 2- Profession and insights. 3- Age, gender and social class of individuals. What health meant to individuals in 1987 identified that: absence of disease, physical and psychological coping and psychosocial wellbeing were key Example of gender, stating that men in the survey cited health as being related to fitness and physical strength, whereas women related health to appearance and energy.  Health education is “Consciously constructed opportunities for learning involving some form of communication designed to improve health literacy, including improving knowledge, and developing life skills, which are conducive to individual and community health.” Or Health education is structured and takes a planned approach to providing information about health, aiming to change an individual’s behaviour. - health education was used as one strategy to improve health with a central aims to inform individuals about how to improve their health. - It focused on an individual’s responsibility over what is within their control, rather than that of wider society and government agencies, which is outside of an individual’s control. What actions could you take to ensure you provide personalised health education to a client in your care? Consider: the environment, the person, active listening skills and how you might supportively signpost the client at the end of your discussion.  Health Promotion Definition (P.5) The WHO defined the term health promotion as “the process of enabling people to increase control over, and to improve their health”. - …Giving people the information or resources they need to improve their health. As well as improving people’s skills and capabilities, it can also involve changing the social and environmental conditions and systems that affect health. (NICE, 2019) - Health promotion is a range of activities and interventions to enable people to take greater control over their health. Activities may be directed at individuals, families, communities or whole populations. (Naidoo and Wills, 2016, p. 125)  The previous two definitions identify that actions taken for health promotion focus on: - Informing - Empowering - Enabling  Health promotion activities For example, health promotion activities may include: a) Emergency response planning for disasters linked to extreme weather. b) The prevention of communicable diseases – which has become increasingly challenging with the accessibility of international travel. c) Strategies that tackle loneliness, which is an increasing social problem. d) Modern health promotion strategies may make use of social media as a tool to disseminate health information. - What does health promotion mean to you? - Consider what you have read so far and any clinical practice experience you may have had in health promotion and write down what this means to you. You may want to discuss this with a fellow nursing student and compare your thoughts. Public health defines as: “...the science and art of promoting and protecting health and wellbeing, preventing ill-health and prolonging life through the organised efforts of society”. - Many factors contribute in the understanding of problems to find solutions. - It means working with a range of professional bodies, services and infrastructures to empower a healthy community. - It is a positive global step working towards equilibrium to enhance individual, community and population wellbeing. Public health makes efforts to: Not only understand the problem, but also combat it through prevention or reduction of harm through interagency working. These include: Government agencies, local authorities, executive agencies, service leadership and charitable organisations. Consider the example of sedentary behaviour and reduced physical activity to demonstrate the points raised here. Think about political, social, behavioural and environmental influences that may lead to a reduction in physical activity within population groups. Sustainable approaches to public health are currently key, The key priorities for public health which reflect this: 1- Prevention 2- Smoking 3- Obesity and type 2 diabetes 4- Diet and alcohol 5- Antimicrobial resistance and vaccines 6- Cancer 7- Mental health 8- Air pollution 9- Children and maternity care Bennett, C., & Lillyman, S. (2020). promoting health and wellbeing for nursing and healthcare students. Banbury, UK: Lantern Publishing Ltd. Tchiki Davis (2019) What Is Well-Being? Definition, Types, and Well-Being Skills, Available at: https://www.psychologytoday.com/gb/blog/click-here-happiness/201901/what-is-well-being- definition-types-and-well-being-skills Thank you