KitapBolumu-صور-1.tr.ar.pdf

‫ﻣﺘﺮﺟﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ‪www.onlinedoctranslator.com -‬‬ ‫ﺣﻠﻘﻪ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻣﻜﻮﻧﺎﺕﻧﻤﻮﺫﺝ ﻭﻳﻨﺪﻭﺯ‬ ‫ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻖﻧﻤﺎﺫﺝ ‪ Windows‬ﻫﻮ ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻖ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﺸﻐﻴﻠﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺟﻬﺰﺓ ﺍﻟﻜﻤﺒﻴﻮﺗﺮ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺘﺒﻴﺔ‪.‬ﺗﺴﻤﻴﺎﺕ ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻖ ﻧﻤﺎﺫﺝ ‪Windows‬‬ ‫)‪(،‬‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺑﻌﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﺺ )‪(،‬‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺑﻌﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺉﻤﺔ )(‬ ‫ﺇﻟﺦ‪.‬ﺳﻴﻜﻮﻥ ﻟﺪﻳﻬﺎ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﻮﻧﺎﺕ‪.‬ﺗﺘﻢ ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﻫﺬﻩ‬...

‫ﻣﺘﺮﺟﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ‪www.onlinedoctranslator.com -‬‬ ‫ﺣﻠﻘﻪ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻣﻜﻮﻧﺎﺕﻧﻤﻮﺫﺝ ﻭﻳﻨﺪﻭﺯ‬ ‫ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻖﻧﻤﺎﺫﺝ ‪ Windows‬ﻫﻮ ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻖ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﺸﻐﻴﻠﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺟﻬﺰﺓ ﺍﻟﻜﻤﺒﻴﻮﺗﺮ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺘﺒﻴﺔ‪.‬ﺗﺴﻤﻴﺎﺕ ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻖ ﻧﻤﺎﺫﺝ ‪Windows‬‬ ‫)‪(،‬‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺑﻌﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﺺ )‪(،‬‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺑﻌﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺉﻤﺔ )(‬ ‫ﺇﻟﺦ‪.‬ﺳﻴﻜﻮﻥ ﻟﺪﻳﻬﺎ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﻮﻧﺎﺕ‪.‬ﺗﺘﻢ ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻜﻮﻧﺎﺕﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻮﺫﺝ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﻣﺤﺮﺭ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﺎﺫﺝ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﻫﻮ ﻣﻮﺿﺢ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ ﺃﺩﻧﺎﻩ‪.‬ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘﺔ ‪ 1‬ﻫﻲ ﻣﺮﺑﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺩﻭﺍﺕ‪،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘﺔ ‪ 2‬ﻫﻲ ﻧﻤﻮﺫﺝ ﻳﺤﺘﻮﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﻮﻧﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘﺔ ‪ 3‬ﻫﻲ ‪ Solution Explorer‬ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﺤﺘﻮﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﻠﻔﺎﺕﺍﻟﻤﺸﺮﻭﻉ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘﺔ ‪ 4‬ﻫﻲ ﻧﺎﻓﺬﺓ ﺍﻟﺨﺼﺎﺉﺺ ﺣﻴﺚ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﺧﺼﺎﺉﺺ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻮﺫﺝ ﺃﻭ ﻣﻜﻮﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻮﺫﺝ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻓﻲﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻘﺴﻢ ﻣﻦ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﻨﺎ‪ ،‬ﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﺃﺣﻴﺎﻧﺎً ‪ş‬‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺷﺎﺭﺓﺇﻟﻰ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻟﺘﺠﻨﺐ ﺍﻻﺭﺗﺒﺎﻙ ﺍﻟﻤﻔﺎﻫﻴﻤﻲ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺣﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻷﺣﻴﺎﻥ ﺃﻳﻀﺎ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻢ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺒﻴﺮ‪.‬ﻭﻧﺮﻯ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﻔﻴﺪ‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪186‬‬ ‫ﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔﻣﻜﻮﻥ )ﻋﻨﺼﺮ ﺗﺤﻜﻢ( ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻮﺫﺝ‪ ،‬ﻣﺎ ﻋﻠﻴﻚ ﺳﻮﻯ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﺮ ﻧﻘﺮﺍً ﻣﺰﺩﻭﺟﺎً ﻓﻮﻕ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﻮﻥ ﺫﻱ ﺍﻟﺼﻠﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺮﺑﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺩﻭﺍﺕﺍﻟﻤﻮﺿﺢ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ ﺃﻋﻼﻩ )ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺤﻘﻞ ﺭﻗﻢ ‪ (1‬ﺃﻭ ﺳﺤﺒﻪ ﻭﺇﻓﻼﺗﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻮﺫﺝ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺹ ﺑﻚ‪.‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻄﺮﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻮﺫﺝ‬ ‫ﻳﻤﻜﻨﻚ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺮﻙ ﻭﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﺤﺠﻢ ﻭ""‬ ‫ﺃﺩﻧﺎﻩﻣﺜﺎﻻ ًﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻮﺫﺝ‪.‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻮﺫﺝ ﻫﻨﺎ‬ ‫‪Ö‬ﻳﻤﻜﻨﻚ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺧﺼﺎﺉﺺ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﻓﺬﺓ‪.‬ﻳﻮﺿﺢ ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬ ‫‪,‬‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﺿﻮﺍﺑﻂ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﺻﻔﺤﺘﺎﻥ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺘﺎﻥ ﻟﻠﺒﺮﻣﺠﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺉﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺉﺔ‪ :‬ﺻﻔﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﻭﺻﻔﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﺮﻣﺠﻴﺔ‪.‬ﻳﻤﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺪﻳﻞﺧﺼﺎﺉﺺ ﻣﻜﻮﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻮﺫﺝ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﻣﺼﻤﻢ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﺎﺫﺝ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﻣﺤﺮﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﺮﻣﺠﻴﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫‪.11.1‬ﺍﻟﺴﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺘﺮﻛﺔ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺮﺩﺍﻟﺠﺪﻭﻝ ﺃﺩﻧﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺉﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻬﺎﻣﺔ ﻟﻤﻜﻮﻧﺎﺕ ﻧﻤﻮﺫﺝ ‪ Windows‬ﻭﺗﻔﺴﻴﺮﺍﺗﻬﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺰﺓ‬ ‫(‬ ‫)‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻭﺻﺎﻑ‬ ‫ﻳﻤﺜﻞﺍﺳﻤﺎً ﻓﺮﻳﺪﺍً ﻟﻠﻤﻜﻮﻥ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻢﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﻪ ﻟﺘﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﻄﻮﻝ‪ ،‬ﺃﻱ ﺍﻻﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺮﺽ‪ ،‬ﻟﻠﻤﻜﻮﻥ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻳﺴﻤﺢﺑﺎﻟﺘﺤﺠﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﺘﻠﻘﺎﺉﻲ ﻟﻤﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻮﺫﺝ‪.‬ﻟﺘﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﺣﺠﻢ ﺃﺣﺪ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﻮﻧﺎﺕ ﻳﺪﻭﻳﺎً‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻢﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪﻩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﺤﻮ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻢﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﻪ ﻟﺘﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻮﻙ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺿﻌﻲ ﻟﻠﻤﻜﻮﻥ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺣﺠﻢ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻮﺫﺝ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻢﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﻪ ﻟﻮﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﻮﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﻮﺍﻑ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻮﺫﺝ ﺃﻭ ﻋﻨﺼﺮ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﺄﻛﺪﻣﻦ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻳﻐﻄﻲ ﻛﺎﻣﻠﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻢﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﻪ ﻟﺘﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻮﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﻮﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻮﺫﺝ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻢﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﻪ ﻟﺘﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﺤﺪ ﺍﻷﻗﺼﻰ ﻟﻠﻌﺮﺽ ﻭﺍﻻﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﻟﻠﻤﻜﻮﻥ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻢﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﻪ ﻟﺘﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﺤﺪ ﺍﻷﺩﻧﻰ ﻟﻠﻌﺮﺽ ﻭﺍﻻﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﻟﻠﻤﻜﻮﻥ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻢﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﻪ ﻹﺻﻼﺡ ﻣﻮﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻮﺫﺝ‪.‬‬ ‫‪187‬‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻢﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﻪ ﻟﺘﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﺳﻠﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻮﻝ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻓﺉﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻮﺫﺝ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻳﺤﺪﺩﻣﺎ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺳﻴﺘﻢ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﻣﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻮﺫﺝ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻧﺸﻂ‪.‬ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺰﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻜﻮﻧﺎﺕﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻮﺫﺝ ﻳﺤﺪﺩ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻘﻞ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﺰﺭ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻳﺤﺪﺩﻣﺎ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﻮﻥ ﺳﻴﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﺮﺉﻴﺎً ﺃﻡ ﻣﺨﻔﻴﺎً‪.‬ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺰﺓ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻧﺖﺍﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻻﻓﺘﺮﺍﺿﻴﺔ ﻫﻲ'‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮﻥ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻳﺄﺧﺬ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻳﺄﺧﺬ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻢ‪.‬ﺇﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻣﻊ ﻣﺼﻤﻢ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻮﺫﺝ‪ ،‬ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻟﻜﻞ ﻋﻨﺼﺮ ﺗﺤﻜﻢ ﻳﻀﺎﻑ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻣﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻮﺫﺝ ﺍﺳﻢ ﻓﺮﻳﺪ‪.‬ﻳﻤﻜﻨﻨﺎ ﺃﻥ ﻧﻔﻜﺮ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭﻩﺭﻗﻢ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﻮﻥ‪.‬ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻹﺳﻢ )(‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪﻩ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﻣﻴﺰﺗﻪ‪.‬ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺗﺤﺎﻭﻝ ﺇﻋﻄﺎء ﻧﻔﺲ ﺍﻻﺳﻢ ﻟﻤﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﻗﻤﺖﺑﺈﺿﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻮﺫﺝ ﻛﻤﻜﻮﻥ ﻗﻤﺖ ﺑﺈﺿﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻟﻦ ﻳﺴﻤﺢ ﺑﻬﺬﺍ‪.‬ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻮﻝ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﻮﻧﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲﺃﺿﻔﻨﺎﻫﺎ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻮﺫﺝ ﺃﻭ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻋﻨﺼﺮ ﺗﺤﻜﻢ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻮﺫﺝ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺤﺮﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﺮﻣﺠﻴﺔ (‬ ‫ﺣﺪﺩﻧﺎﻩﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺰﺓ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻟﺘﺤﺪﻳﺪﻣﻮﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﻮﻥ ﺃﺿﻔﻨﺎ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻮﺫﺝ‬ ‫)ﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﺍﻻﺳﻢ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻢ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺰﺓ‪.‬ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﻮﺳﻴﻊ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺰﺓ ﻣﻦ ﻧﺎﻓﺬﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﺼﺎﺉﺺ‪،‬ﺗﻈﻬﺮ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻫﻮ ﻣﻮﺿﺢ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ ﺃﺩﻧﺎﻩ‪.‬ﻭ ﻟﺪﻳﻬﺎ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﻓﺮﻋﻴﺔ‪.‬ﻫﻨﺎ ﺍﻟﻮﺿﻊ ﺍﻷﻓﻘﻲ ﻟﻠﻤﻜﻮﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻮﺫﺝ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻳﻤﺜﻞﻣﻮﻗﻌﻪ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻮﺩﻱ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺰﺓ ﻫﻲ ﺃﺣﺪ ﻣﻜﻮﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻮﺫﺝ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﻓﻴﻪ )(‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻢ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﻪ ﻟﻠﺘﺄﻛﺪ ﻣﻦ ﻭﺿﻊ ﻋﻨﺼﺮ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﺤﻮﺍﻑ ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﻳﻐﻄﻲﺍﻟﻨﻤﻮﺫﺝ ﺑﺄﻛﻤﻠﻪ‪.‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﻫﻮ ﻭﺍﺿﺢ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﺃﺩﻧﺎﻩ‪ ،‬ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺰﺓ‬ ‫‪,‬‬ ‫‪ℎ,‬‬ ‫‪,‬‬ ‫‪,‬‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻢ ﻣﺘﻮﻓﺮﺓ‪.‬ﻫﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﺧﻴﺎﺭﻟﻨﻘﻞ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﻮﻥ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﻴﺴﺮﻯ‪ ℎ ،‬ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﻴﻤﻨﻰ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﺨﻴﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮﻳﺔ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﺨﻴﺎﺭ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺗﺜﺒﻴﺘﻪﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻔﻠﻴﺔ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﺨﻴﺎﺭ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻳﻐﻄﻲ ﺍﻟﺨﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻮﺫﺝ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﻜﺎﻣﻞ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻢ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺻﻴﺔ ﻟﺘﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻮﻙ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺿﻌﻲ ﻟﻠﻤﻜﻮﻥ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺣﺠﻢ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻮﺫﺝ‪.‬ﻭﺗﻈﻬﺮ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺰﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﺃﺩﻧﺎﻩ‪ℎ.‬‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫‪ ،‬ﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﻴﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻣﺘﺎﺣﺔ‪.‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﺒﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﻤﺜﺎﻝ ﻟﻤﻜﻮﻥ ‪ ℎ‬ﻣﻴﺰﺓ‬ ‫ﻭ ‪ ℎ‬ﻗﻴﻢ‬ ‫‪188‬‬ ‫ﻓﻲﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻳﺘﻐﻴﺮ ﻋﺮﺽ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻮﺫﺝ‪ ،‬ﻳﺘﻐﻴﺮ ﻋﺮﺽ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﻮﻥ ﻭﻓﻘﺎً ﻟﺬﻟﻚ‪.‬ﻛﻤﺜﺎﻝ ﺁﺧﺮ؛ ﻭ ‪ ℎ‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﺗﻢ ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻢ‪،‬ﻓﺴﻴﺘﻢ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻣﻮﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﻮﻥ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻴﻤﻴﻦ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺗﻮﺳﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻮﺫﺝ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﻗﻊ‪ ،‬ﺩﻋﻮﻧﺎ ﻧﺘﻔﺤﺺ ﻣﻴﺰﺓ ﺃﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﺣﺠﻢ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﻮﻥ‪.‬ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻳﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺤﺠﻴﻢﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡﺍﻟﻤﻴﺰﺍﺕ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺰﺓ‪ℎ‬‬ ‫ﻭ‪ℎ‬‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻢ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺻﻴﺔ ﻟﺘﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺽ ﻭﺍﻻﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﻟﻠﻤﻜﻮﻥ‪.‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﻫﻮ ﻭﺍﺿﺢ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﺃﺩﻧﺎﻩ‪ ،‬ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻪ ﻣﻴﺰﺗﺎﻥ ﻓﺮﻋﻴﺘﺎﻥ‪ :‬ﻫﻨﺎ‪ℎ‬‬ ‫ﻋﺮﺽ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﻮﻥ‪ℎ ,‬‬ ‫ﻳﻤﺜﻞ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻋﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻢ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺻﻴﺔ ﻟﺘﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﺎ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺣﺠﻢ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﻮﻥ ﺗﻠﻘﺎﺉﻴﺎً‪.‬ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺰﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻘﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ ﺗﻢ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻋﻠﻰ‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﻤﻜﻨﻚ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺃﺑﻌﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﻮﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻮﺫﺝ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﻭﺱ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻳﺄﺧﺬ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻢ‪.‬ﻗﻴﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺧﻼﻝﺧﺼﺎﺉﺼﻪ‪ ،‬ﻳﻤﻜﻨﻚ ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﺤﺪ ﺍﻷﻗﺼﻰ ﻭﺍﻷﺩﻧﻰ ﻟﻸﺑﻌﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺘﺨﺬﻫﺎ ﻣﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻮﺫﺝ‪.‬ﻧﻔﺲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻝﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺰﺓ‪ ،‬ﻛﻞ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺰﺍﺕ‪ℎ‬‬ ‫ﻭ ‪ℎ‬‬ ‫ﻭﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻛﻤﺎ ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻪ ﻣﻴﺰﺗﺎﻥ ﻓﺮﻋﻴﺘﺎﻥ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻻﻓﺘﺮﺍﺿﻴﺔ ﻟﻬﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺨﺼﺎﺉﺺ ﻫﻲ ‪.0‬‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍﻛﻨﺖ ﺗﺮﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻴﻴﺪ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺣﺪ ﻣﻌﻴﻦ‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﻤﻜﻨﻚ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻗﻴﻢ ﻣﺤﺪﺩﺓ ﻟﻬﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺰﺍﺕ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺑﺼﺮﻑﺍﻟﻨﻈﺮ ﻋﻦ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺰﺍﺕ‪ ،‬ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﻣﻴﺰﺓ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ ﻣﺸﺘﺮﻛﺔ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﻮﻧﺎﺕ)‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﺪﻭﻝﺃﺩﻧﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻋﻴﺔ ﻟﻤﻴﺰﺓ ﺍﻟﺨﻂ ﻭﺷﺮﻭﺣﺎﺗﻬﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺰﺓ‬ ‫ﺧﺎﺻﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺨﻂ ‪.‬ﻳﺴﺮﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻭﺻﺎﻑ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻢﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﻪ ﻟﺘﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﺨﻂ‪.‬ﻳﺴﺮﺩ ﺍﻟﺨﻄﻮﻁ ﺍﻟﻤﺜﺒﺘﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴﻞ ‪.Windows‬‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻢﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﻪ ﻟﺘﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﺣﺠﻢ ﺍﻟﺨﻂ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻢﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﻪ ﻟﺘﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﻭﺣﺪﺓ ﻗﻴﺎﺱ ﺍﻟﺨﻂ‪.‬‬ ‫‪189‬‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻢﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﻪ ﻟﺘﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﺎ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺨﻂ ﻳﺠﺐ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻏﺎﻣﻘﺎً ﺃﻡ ﻻ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻳﺴُﺘﺨﺪﻡﻟﺘﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﺎ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺳﻴﺘﻢ ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻖ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻂ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺉﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺨﻂ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻢﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﻪ ﻟﺘﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﺎ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺨﻂ ﻳﺠﺐ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺘﻮﺳﻄﻪ ﺧﻂ ﺃﻡ ﻻ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻢﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﻪ ﻟﺘﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﺎ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﺴﻄﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﺨﻂ ﺃﻡ ﻻ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺗﺘﻌﻠﻖﺍﻟﻤﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺉﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺬﻛﻮﺭﺓ ﺃﻋﻼﻩ ﺑﻤﻜﻮﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻮﺫﺝ ﻓﻲ ﻭﻗﺖ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ )(‬ ‫ﻭﻳﻈﻬﺮﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺣﻴﻦ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺇﻋﻄﺎء ﺍﻷﻣﺜﻠﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻭﻗﺖ ﺍﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴﻞ )(‬ ‫‪.11.2‬ﺍﻷﺣﺪﺍﺙ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺘﺮﻛﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺘﻤﺘﻊﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﺗﺤﻜﻢ ﻧﻤﻮﺫﺝ ‪ Windows‬ﺑﺎﻟﻘﺪﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺎﻁ ﺃﺣﺪﺍﺙ ﻣﻌﻴﻨﺔ ﻳﻘﻮﻡ ﺑﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ‪.‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﺒﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﻤﺜﺎﻝ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻳﻤﻜﻨﻨﺎﺍﻛﺘﺸﺎﻑ ﻣﺘﻰ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺍﻟﻀﻐﻂ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺣﺪ ﺍﻟﻤﻔﺎﺗﻴﺢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻟﻮﺣﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻔﺎﺗﻴﺢ ﺃﻭ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺎﻭﺱ ﻓﻲ ﺃﻱ ﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻮﺫﺝ‪،‬ﻭﻳﻤﻜﻨﻨﺎ ﺗﺮﻣﻴﺰ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺠﺐ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﻡ ﺑﻪ ﺭﺩﺍً ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﻟﻚ‪.‬ﻳﻤﻜﻨﻚ ﺭﺅﻳﺔ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻷﺣﺪﺍﺙ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻜﻮﻧﺎﺕ ‪Form‬‬ ‫‪ Windows‬ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺠﺪﺍﻭﻝ ﺃﺩﻧﺎﻩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺣﺪﺍﺙ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻭﺻﺎﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻮﺫﺝ‬ ‫ﻳﺤﺪﺙ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺗﺘﻐﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺻﻴﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻳﺤﺪﺙﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﺮ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺃﺣﺪ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﻮﻧﺎﺕ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻳﺤﺪﺙﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻳﺘﻐﻴﺮ ﻟﻮﻥ ﺧﻠﻔﻴﺔ ﻋﻨﺼﺮ ﺗﺤﻜﻢ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻮﺫﺝ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻮﺫﺝ‬ ‫ﻳﺤﺪﺙ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺻﻴﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺣﺠﻢﻋﻨﺼﺮ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻮﺫﺝ )‬ ‫ﻳﺤﺪﺙ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺻﻴﺔ(‪.‬‬ ‫ﻳﺤﺪﺙﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻳﺮﻛﺰ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻜﻮﻥ ﺁﺧﺮ ﺃﺛﻨﺎء ﺗﻮﺍﺟﺪﻩ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻮﺫﺝ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻔﺘﺎﺡ‬ ‫‪.TAB‬‬ ‫ﻳﺤﺪﺙ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺗﺘﻐﻴﺮ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﺎﺭ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﺎﺭ)‬ ‫ﺃﻭ(‬ ‫ﻳﺤﺪﺙ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻳﺘﻐﻴﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺃﺣﺪﺍﺙﺍﻟﻤﺎﻭﺱ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺣﺪﺍﺙ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻭﺻﺎﻑ‬ ‫ﻳﺤﺪﺙﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﺮ ﻓﻮﻕ ﻋﻨﺼﺮ ﺗﺤﻜﻢ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻮﺫﺝ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻳﺤﺪﺙﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﺮ ﺍﻟﻤﺰﺩﻭﺝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻨﺼﺮ ﺗﺤﻜﻢ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻮﺫﺝ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻳﺤﺪﺙﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺎﻭﺱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻨﺼﺮ ﺗﺤﻜﻢ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻮﺫﺝ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻳﺤﺪﺙﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﺮ ﺍﻟﻤﺰﺩﻭﺝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻨﺼﺮ ﺗﺤﻜﻢ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻮﺫﺝ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺎﻭﺱ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻳﺤﺪﺙﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﻀﻐﻂ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺯﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﻭﺱ ﺃﺛﻨﺎء ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻣﺆﺷﺮ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﻭﺱ ﻓﻮﻕ ﻋﻨﺼﺮ ﺗﺤﻜﻢ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻮﺫﺝ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻳﺤﺪﺙﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻳﺪﺧﻞ ﻣﺆﺷﺮ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﻭﺱ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﻋﻨﺼﺮ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻳﺤﺪﺙﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻳﻐﺎﺩﺭ ﻣﺆﺷﺮ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﻭﺱ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﻋﻨﺼﺮ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫‪190‬‬ ‫ﻳﺤﺪﺙﻋﻨﺪ ﺗﺤﺮﻳﻚ ﻣﺆﺷﺮ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﻭﺱ ﻓﻮﻕ ﻋﻨﺼﺮ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻳﺤﺪﺙﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﺤﺮﻳﺮ ﺯﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﻭﺱ ﺃﺛﻨﺎء ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻣﺆﺷﺮ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﻭﺱ ﻓﻮﻕ ﻋﻨﺼﺮ ﺗﺤﻜﻢ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻮﺫﺝ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺃﺣﺪﺍﺙﻟﻮﺣﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻔﺎﺗﻴﺢ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺣﺪﺍﺙ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻭﺻﺎﻑ‬ ‫ﻳﺤﺪﺙﺑﻤﺠﺮﺩ ﺍﻟﻀﻐﻂ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻱ ﻣﻔﺘﺎﺡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻟﻮﺣﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻔﺎﺗﻴﺢ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻳﺤﺪﺙﺫﻟﻚ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﻀﻐﻂ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻔﺎﺗﻴﺢ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﻔﺎﺗﻴﺢ ﺍﻻﺗﺠﺎﻩ ﻭﺍﻟﻮﻇﺎﺉﻒ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺟﻮﺩﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻟﻮﺣﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻔﺎﺗﻴﺢ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻳﺤﺪﺙﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﺤﺮﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﻤﻔﺘﺎﺡ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺗﻢ ﺍﻟﻀﻐﻂ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻟﻮﺣﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻔﺎﺗﻴﺢ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻟﺘﺤﺪﻳﺪﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺗﻔﺎﻋﻞ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺠﻚ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﻷﻱ ﺣﺪﺙ ﻳﻨﺘﻤﻲ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻋﻨﺼﺮ ﺗﺤﻜﻢ ﻧﻤﻮﺫﺝ ‪Windows‬؛ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻮﺫﺝ‬ ‫ﻧﻔﺴﻪﺃﻭ ﺃﺣﺪ ﻣﻜﻮﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻮﺫﺝ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻫﻮ ﻣﻮﺿﺢ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ ﺃﺩﻧﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺒﻮﻳﺐ(‪ ،‬ﺳﻴﺘﻢ ﺇﺩﺭﺍﺝ ﻛﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻷﺣﺪﺍﺙ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﻜﻮﻥ ﺫﻱ ﺍﻟﺼﻠﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺃﻳﺎًﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺤﺪﺙ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻬﻤﻚ ﻣﻦ ﻫﻨﺎ‪ ،‬ﺍﻧﻘﺮ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻧﻘﺮﺍً ﻣﺰﺩﻭﺟﺎً‬ ‫‪Ö‬ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﻓﺬﺓ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﺮ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺍﻟﺰﺭ )ﻋﻼﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻢ ﺇﻧﺸﺎء ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺳﻴﺤﺪﺙ ﺑﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺤﺪﺙ‬ ‫ﺗﻠﻘﺎﺉﻴﺎًﻭﻳﺘﻢ ﻋﺮﺽ ﺷﺎﺷﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﺮﻣﺠﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﺤﻮ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ‪.‬ﻓﻲ ﻣﺜﺎﻟﻨﺎ ﻫﻨﺎ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻮﺫﺝ )(‪1‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺰﺩﻭﺝﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺎﻭﺱ؟‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺤﺎﺩﺙ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻢ ﻋﺮﺽ ﺭﺳﺎﻟﺔ ﻣﻊ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺫﺍ ﻳﺤﺪﺙ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺍﻍﺍﻟﺨﺎﺹ)‪Form1_MouseDoubleClick‬ﻫﺪﻑﻣﺮﺳﻞ‪MouseEventArgs،‬ﻩ( }‬ ‫{‬ ‫;("‪.‬ﺍﻟﻨﻘﺮ ﻣﺮﺗﻴﻦ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻮﺫﺝ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺎﻭﺱ")‪messageBox.Show‬‬ ‫‪191‬‬ ‫‪.11.3‬ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻢﺗﻘﺪﻳﻢ ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﺮﻭﺣﺎﺕ ﻭﻧﻤﺎﺫﺝ ﺍﻟﺘﻄﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﻟﻠﻤﻜﻮﻧﺎﺕ )ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ( ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ ‪Form‬‬ ‫‪ Windows‬ﺗﺤﺖ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﻮﺍﻥ‪.‬‬ ‫‪.11.3.1‬ﺍﺳﺘﻤﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺗﺘﻜﻮﻥﺗﻄﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺘﺐ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻨﺪﺓ ﺇﻟﻰ ‪ Windows‬ﻣﻦ ﻧﻤﺎﺫﺝ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺓ ﻋﻦ ﻧﻮﺍﻓﺬ ﺗﺤﺘﻮﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻜﻢ‪.Windows‬ﻋﻨﺪ ﺑﺪء ﺗﺸﻐﻴﻞ ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻖ ﻧﻤﺎﺫﺝ ‪ Windows‬ﺟﺪﻳﺪ‪ ،‬ﻳﻈﻬﺮ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﺍﻓﺘﺮﺍﺿﻲ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻫﻮ ﻣﻮﺿﺢ ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞﺃﺩﻧﺎﻩ‪1.‬‬ ‫ﻳﺄﺗﻲ ﻣﻊ ﻧﻤﻮﺫﺝ ﺍﺳﻤﻪ ‪.‬ﻛﻨﻤﻮﺫﺝ ﺑﺪء ﺍﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴﻞ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺗﺸﻐﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﻄﺒﻴﻖ‪1‬‬ ‫ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔﻛﺎﻓﺔ ﻣﻜﻮﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻮﺫﺝ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺟﻮﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺻﻨﺪﻭﻕ ﺍﻷﺩﻭﺍﺕ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻮﺫﺝ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻟﺘﺤﺪﻳﺪﺧﺼﺎﺉﺺ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻮﺫﺝ'‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻢ ﻋﺮﺽ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ‪.‬ﻳﻤﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﻳﻤﻜﻨﻚ ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ "ﻧﺎﻓﺬﺓ ﺍﻟﺨﺼﺎﺉﺺ" ﻣﻦ ﻗﺎﺉﻤﺔ "ﻋﺮﺽ" ﺃﻭ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﻬﺎ ﻛﺎﺧﺘﺼﺎﺭ‪.‬‬ ‫‪4‬ﻳﻤﻜﻨﻚ ﺍﻟﻀﻐﻂ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺰﺭ‪.‬ﻭﺑﺼﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺮ ﻋﻦ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻳﻤﻜﻨﻚ ﺗﻨﺸﻴﻂ ﻧﺎﻓﺬﺓ ﺍﻟﺨﺼﺎﺉﺺ ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﺮ ﺑﺰﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﻭﺱ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻳﻤﻦﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻨﺼﺮ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻮﺫﺝ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺗﻌﻤﻞ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪.‬ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺠﺪﻭﻝ ﺃﺩﻧﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺰﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻭﺻﺎﻑ‬ ‫ﻣﻦﻟﻮﺣﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻔﺎﺗﻴﺢ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻢ ﻋﺮﺽ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﻭﺷﺮﻭﺣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻳﺴُﺘﺨﺪﻡ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﻀﻐﻂ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﻔﺘﺎﺡ‪ ،‬ﺃﻳﻬﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻮﺫﺝ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﺤﺪﻳﺪﻋﻨﺼﺮ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺳﻴﺘﻢ ﺗﺸﻐﻴﻠﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﻦﻟﻮﺣﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻔﺎﺗﻴﺢ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﻀﻐﻂ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﻔﺘﺎﺡ‪ ،‬ﺃﻳﻬﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻮﺫﺝ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﺤﺪﻳﺪﻋﻨﺼﺮ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺳﻴﺘﻢ ﺗﺸﻐﻴﻠﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻳﺴُﺘﺨﺪﻡ‬ ‫ﻳﺴُﺘﺨﺪﻡﻟﺘﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﺎ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺳﻴﺘﻢ ﻋﺮﺽ ﻣﺮﺑﻊ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺷﺮﻳﻂ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻮﺫﺝﺃﻡ ﻻ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻳﺴُﺘﺨﺪﻡﻟﺘﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﺎ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺯﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻤﺎﺕ ﺳﻴﻈﻬﺮ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺮﺑﻊ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻮﺫﺝ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡﻟﺘﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﺃﻳﻘﻮﻧﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻮﺫﺝ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪﻣﺎ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻮﺫﺝ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺓ ﻋﻦ ﻧﻤﻮﺫﺝ ﺗﺎﺑﻊ ﻟـ ‪.MDI‬‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻢﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﻪ ﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴﻞ ﺃﺣﺪﺍﺙ ﻟﻮﺣﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻔﺎﺗﻴﺢ‪.‬ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﺸﻴﻂﺗﺘﺒﻊ ﺍﻟﻤﻔﺎﺗﻴﺢ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﻀﺒﻂ ﻋﻠﻰ ‪ ،‬ﻳﺘﻢ‬ ‫‪192‬‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻢﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﻪ ﻟﺘﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﺣﺎﻭﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺉﻤﺔ ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻨﻤﻮﺫﺝ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻳﺴُﺘﺨﺪﻡﻟﺘﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﺎ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺳﻴﺘﻢ ﻋﺮﺽ ﺯﺭ "ﺗﻜﺒﻴﺮ" ﻓﻲ ﺷﺮﻳﻂ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻮﺫﺝ ﺃﻡ ﻻ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻳﺴُﺘﺨﺪﻡﻟﺘﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﺎ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺳﻴﺘﻢ ﻋﺮﺽ ﺍﻟﺰﺭ "ﺗﺼﻐﻴﺮ" ﻓﻲ ﺷﺮﻳﻂ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻮﺫﺝ‬ ‫ﺃﻡﻻ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡﻟﺘﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﻋﺘﺎﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻮﺫﺝ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪﻣﺎ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺮﻣﺰ ﺳﻴﻈﻬﺮ ﻓﻲ ﺷﺮﻳﻂ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻮﺫﺝ ﺃﻡ ﻻ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻳﺴُﺘﺨﺪﻡﻟﺘﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﺎ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﺠﺐ ﻋﺮﺽ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻮﺫﺝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﺮﻳﻂ ﻣﻬﺎﻡ ‪.Windows‬‬ ‫ﻳﺤﺪﺩﻧﻤﻂ ﻣﻘﺒﺾ ﺍﻟﺒﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻈﻬﺮ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺰﺍﻭﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻔﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻴﻤﻨﻰ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻮﺫﺝ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻢﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﻪ ﻟﺘﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻮﺫﺝ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻈﻬﺮ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﻋﻠﻰ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻢﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﻪ ﻟﺘﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﻠﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺳﻴﻤﺜﻞ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﺣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺸﻔﺎﻓﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻮﺫﺝ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻢﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﻪ ﻟﺘﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻮﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﺒﺪﺍﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﻨﻤﻮﺫﺝ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻧﻘﻄﺔﺍﻟﺪﺧﻮﻝ ﻟﺘﻄﺒﻴﻖ ﻧﻤﺎﺫﺝ ‪ Windows‬ﻫﻲ "" ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻒ‪.‬ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻒ ﻓﻲ ‪ Solution Explorer‬ﻛﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻫﻮﻣﻮﺿﺢ ﺃﺩﻧﺎﻩ‪.‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﺍﻧﺘﺒﻬﺖ ﻫﻨﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺴﻄﺮ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺩﺱ ﻋﺸﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻜﻮﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺪﺭﻱ "";(()‪1‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻥ‪.‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻳﻌﻨﻲ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺗﺸﻐﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﻄﺒﻴﻖ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭﻻ'‪1‬‬ ‫ﻳﺸﻴﺮ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺃﻥ ‪.‬‬ ‫)‬ ‫‪.‬‬ ‫ﺗﻢ ﺗﻀﻤﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﻳﻮﺿﺢﺍﻟﺠﺪﻭﻝ ﺃﺩﻧﺎﻩ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺃﺣﺪﺍﺙ ﻣﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻮﺫﺝ ﻭﺃﻭﺻﺎﻓﻬﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺣﺪﺍﺙ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻭﺻﺎﻑ‬ ‫ﻳﺤﺪﺙﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﻨﺸﻴﻂ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻮﺫﺝ ﺑﻮﺍﺳﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﻦﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﺤﺪﺙ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺗﺘﻐﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺻﻴﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻳﺤﺪﺙﻋﻨﺪ ﺇﻏﻼﻕ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻮﺫﺝ‪.‬ﻗﺒﻞ ﺇﻏﻼﻕ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻮﺫﺝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺪﺙ ﻳﺤﺪﺙ‪.‬‬ ‫‪193‬‬ ‫ﻳﺤﺪﺙﻋﻨﺪ ﺇﻏﻼﻕ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻮﺫﺝ‪.‬ﺑﻌﺪ ﺇﻏﻼﻕ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻮﺫﺝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺪﺙ ﻳﺤﺪﺙ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻳﺤﺪﺙﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﺮ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺍﻟﺰﺭ "ﺗﻌﻠﻴﻤﺎﺕ" ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻮﺫﺝ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻳﺤﺪﺙﻗﺒﻞ ﻋﺮﺽ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻮﺫﺝ ﻟﻠﻤﺮﺓ ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻰ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻳﺤﺪﺙﻋﻨﺪ ﻋﺮﺽ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻮﺫﺝ ﻟﻠﻤﺮﺓ ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻰ‪.‬‬ ‫‪.11.3.1.1‬ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﺎﺫﺝ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻌﺪﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔﻧﻤﻮﺫﺝ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻣﺸﺮﻭﻋﻚ‪ ،‬ﺍﻧﻘﺮ ﺑﺰﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﻭﺱ ﺍﻷﻳﻤﻦ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺸﺮﻭﻋﻚ ﻣﻦ ‪ Solution Explorer‬ﻭﺣﺪﺩ "" ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺉﻤﺔﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻔﺘﺢ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﻫﻮ ﻣﻮﺿﺢ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ ﺃﺩﻧﺎﻩ‪".‬‬ ‫