KINE 2850 Structural Kinesiology Lecture 1 Introduction PDF

KINE 2850 Structural Kinesiology Lecture 1 Introduction Department of Kinesiology East Carolina University Greenville, NC  What is Structural Kinesiology? Structural: anatomical elements, building blocks of a system +...

KINE 2850 Structural Kinesiology Lecture 1 Introduction Department of Kinesiology East Carolina University Greenville, NC  What is Structural Kinesiology? Structural: anatomical elements, building blocks of a system + Kinesiology: study of human movement = Structural kinesiology: the study of human movement by identifying the anatomical elements  The Skeletal System Rigid bones (not completely rigid) Flexible joints (not completely flexible) Axial Skeleton (red): trunk, spine, neck, and head Appendicular Skeleton (white): upper and lower extremities 5 Major Functions of the Skeletal System 1. Provide basic framework 2. Movement by serving as points of attachment for muscles and acting as levers 3. Provide protection to internal organs 4. Storage for minerals 5. Blood formation  The Muscular System Function: exert force through contraction 3 Types of Muscular Contractions ‐ Isometric: same length (stabilizes joints) ‐ Concentric: shortening (starts movements) ‐ Eccentric: lengthening (stops movements)  The Muscular System Muscle Nomenclature Flexor digiti minimi Origin Proximal attachment point for muscle Insertion Distal attachment point for muscle Line of pull (the muscle action or outcome) Impacts force production  Other Connective Tissues Tendon – Attaches muscle to bone – How muscles move bones Ligament – Attaches a bone to another bone – Forms and stabilizes joints Anatomical Position vs. Fundamental Position Anatomical Fundament al Notice the palms are facing forward RIGHT LEFT *Everything we discuss is referenced from this position  Anatomical References Anterior: front of the body Posterior: back of the body Medial: toward the middle, center or midline of the body Lateral: toward the side, away from the center or midline of the body Superior: toward the head, above in relation to another structure Inferior: away from the head, below in relation to another structure Proximal: nearest to the trunk or point of origin  Anatomical References Superficial: near the surface Deep: beneath or below the surface Prone: face downward Supine: face upward Contralateral: relating to the opposite side Ipsilateral: relating to the same side Biarticular: a muscle that crosses and acts directly on two different joints Uniarticular: a muscle that  Planes of Motion Sagittal ‐ Splits the body into right and left halves Transverse (Axial) ‐ Splits the body into top and bottom halves Frontal (Coronal) ‐ Splits the body into front and back halves  Axes of Rotation Anteroposterior ‐ Movements occurring in the frontal plane rotate about this axis Mediolateral (transverse) ‐ Movements occurring in the sagittal plane rotate about this axis Longitudinal ‐ Movements occurring in the transverse plane rotate about this axis  Terms for General Movements Primary Movements Flexion Abduction Sagitt Front al Extension al Adduction External Transver Rotation se Internal Rotation Sagittal Pronation Depression Supination Dorsiflexion Elevation Plantarflexion Protraction Retraction Multi-plane Transverse Frontal Circumduction