KINE 2850 Structural Kinesiology Lecture 2 - Hip & Pelvis PDF

KINE 2850 Structural Kinesiology Lecture 2 Bones, Joints and Muscles of the Hip and Pelvis Department of Kinesiology East Carolina University Greenville, NC  The Pelvic Girdle and the Hip Joint Pelvic girdle connects...

KINE 2850 Structural Kinesiology Lecture 2 Bones, Joints and Muscles of the Hip and Pelvis Department of Kinesiology East Carolina University Greenville, NC  The Pelvic Girdle and the Hip Joint Pelvic girdle connects the lower-limbs to the trunk ‐ Supports the weight of the trunk Hip joint is very stable due to bony structure ‐ 3 Degree of Freedom like the shoulder ‐ But more stable and less mobile than shoulder Proximal to distal sequencing of muscle activation in lower extremity ‐ Force production and muscle coordination flows from hip to knee to ankle muscles Movements of the Hip Joint  Bones of the Pelvic Girdle and Hip Joint Ilium Ischium Pubis Sacrum Coccyx Femur  Anatomical Landmarks of the Pelvic Girdle and Hip Joint Iliac crest Anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS) Posterior superior iliac spine (PSIS) Acetabulum Ischial spine Ischial tuberosity  Structure of the Pelvis – Anterior and Posterior Joints Fused Joint: Pubic Symphysis ‐ Fairly stable – does widen for childbirth Fused Joint: Sacroiliac Joint ‐ Transmits weight of trunk to hips ‐ Dissipate impact in walking, running, and landing by moving along sacrum  The Femur is the Longest and Strongest Bone in the Body Head of the femur Neck of the femur Greater trochanter Lesser trochanter Ligaments of the Pelvic Girdle and Hip Joint Ischiofemora l Iliofemoral Pubofemoral ANTERIOR POSTERIOR Ligaments of the Pelvic Girdle and Hip Joint, Continued Inguinal Sacrotuberous Sacrospinous  Ligamentum Teres Provides Stability to the femoral head a.k.a. Round Ligament Biarticulate vs Uniarticulate Muscles Muscles that cross two joints and cause movement at both joints. – Quads and Hamstrings are good examples in the lower body -uniarticular only cross and act at one joint  Hip Flexor Muscles Iliacus (1) + Psoas (2) (= Iliospoas) 2 1 Rectus femoris (3) 5 6 Sartorius (4) 4 Pectineus (5) 3 Tensor fascia latae (6)  Hip Extensor Muscles Gluteus maximus (7) 7 Biceps femoris long head (8) Semimembranosus (9) 10 8 Semitendinosus (10) 9 (BF(8) + SM(9) + ST(10) = most of hamstrings)  Hip Abductor Muscles Gluteus minimus 12 (11) 11 Gluteus medius (12)  Hip Adductor Muscles Adductor magnus (13) 15 Adductor longus 17 (14) 13 14 16 Pectineus (15) Gracilis (16) Adductor brevis (17)  Hip External Rotators Piriformis (18) Obturator internus Quadratus femoris (20) (19) Obturator externus (21) Superior gemellus (22) Inferior gemellus (23) 18 22 2 0 19 2 3 21  Hip Internal Rotators Gracilis (24) Semimembranosus (25) 24 26 25 Semitendinosus (26)  Clinical Application Hip joint fractures are common in old adults Approximate 300,000 (annually) over age 65 Typically a results of a fall Osteoporosis has typically already weakened the bone Typically occur the femoral neck Repairing the fracture surgically Surgery following fracture greatly increases mobility and overall quality of life Thoughts on long-term effects of fracture?  Challenger Question Phases of the squat: Lifting (Positive) Lowering (Negative)  Challenger, Cont. The Lifting (Positive) Phase – What motion is occurring? – What muscles are being used? – What type of contraction is this? Hip  Challenger, Cont. The Lowering (Negative) Phase – What motion is occurring? – What muscles are being used? – What type of contraction is this? Hip  Video examples Hip internal and external rotation – https://youtu.be/08rpqW2Z9Vw Hip Abduction and adduction – https://youtu.be/wkQFd-X0dZY?t=29 Hip flexion and extension – https://youtu.be/Y_xsEtfXox4