Key Terms Chapter 4 SP21 PDF

CH103 List of Key Terms - Chapter 4 Actual Yield: how much material you actually get from a chemical reaction; the mass of product actually formed or isolated in a chemical reaction Aqueous Solutions: solutions in which the solvent is water Avogadro's Number: the number of atoms in 1 mole of any com...

CH103 List of Key Terms - Chapter 4 Actual Yield: how much material you actually get from a chemical reaction; the mass of product actually formed or isolated in a chemical reaction Aqueous Solutions: solutions in which the solvent is water Avogadro's Number: the number of atoms in 1 mole of any compound, 6.023 x 1023 Batteries: a voltaic cell where electricity is generated from a chemical reaction Bleaching: the process where colored compounds become colorless in the presence of bleaches Chemical Equation: A representation using chemical formulas of the process that occurs when reactants are converted to products. Combustion: Burning in air Dissociation: When ionic compounds dissolve in water, the positive and negative ions separate from each other. Endothermic: a chemical reaction that absorbs heat Exothermic: a chemical reaction that gives off heat Formula Weight (FW): the sum of the atomic weights of all the atoms in a chemical formula expressed in atomic mass units (amu) Heat of Combustion: the heat given off in a combustion reaction Heat of Reaction: the heat given off or gained in a reaction Limiting Reagent: the reactant that is consumed, leaving an excess of another reagent or reagents unreacted Molar Mass: the mass of one mole of substance expressed in grams; the formula weight of a compound expressed in grams Mole (mol): the formula weight of a substance expressed in grams Molecular Weight (MW): the weight of a molecule; the sum of the atomic weights of all atoms in a molecular compound expressed in atomic mass units (amu) Net Ionic Equation: A chemical equation that does not contain spectator ions, where both atoms and charges are balanced. Oxidation: the loss of electrons during a chemical reaction; the gain of oxygen atoms and/or the loss of hydrogen atoms Oxidizing Agent: an entity that accepts electrons in an oxidation-reduction reaction Percent Yield: the actual yield divided by the theoretical yield times 100 Precipitation Reaction: when positive and negative ions react to form an insoluble compound Product: what you make in a chemical reaction Reactant: Thing that you start with in a chemical reaction Redox Reaction: an oxidation-reduction reaction Reducing Agent: an entity that donates electrons in an oxidation-reduction reaction Reduction: the gain of electrons during a chemical reaction; the loss of oxygen atoms and/or the gain of hydrogen atoms Respiration: the process where humans and animals obtain their energy through the oxidation of carbon-containing compounds in the presence of oxygen Rusting: the process where iron is oxidized to a mixture of iron oxides Spectator Ions: ions that appear unchanged on both sides of a chemical equation Stoichiometry: the study of mass relationships in a chemical reaction Theoretical Yield: the mass of product that should form in a chemical reaction according to the stoichiometry of the balanced equation