General Chemistry Concepts

Actual Yield

• The amount of product you get from a chemical reaction.
• Measured in mass, the actual amount of product formed or isolated.

Aqueous Solutions

• Solutions where water acts as the solvent.

Avogadro's Number

• Represents the number of atoms in 1 mole of any compound.
• The value is 6.023 x 10^23.

Batteries

• A type of voltaic cell.
• Produce electricity through chemical reactions.

Bleaching

• A process that decolorizes compounds.
• Achieved by the presence of bleaches.

Chemical Equation

• Uses chemical formulas to represent the transformation of reactants to products.

Combustion

• The process of burning in air.

Dissociation

• When ionic compounds dissolve in water, the positive and negative ions separate.

Endothermic

• A chemical reaction that absorbs heat from its surroundings.

Exothermic

• A chemical reaction that releases heat to its surroundings.

Formula Weight (FW)

• The sum of the atomic weights of all the atoms in a chemical formula.
• Expressed in atomic mass units (amu).

Heat of Combustion

• The heat released during a combustion reaction.

Heat of Reaction

• The heat change (released or absorbed) that occurs during a chemical reaction.

Limiting Reagent

• The reactant that gets completely consumed first in a chemical reaction.
• Determines the amount of product formed.

Molar Mass

• The mass of one mole of a substance expressed in grams.
• Equivalent to the formula weight expressed in grams.

Mole (mol)

• The formula weight of a substance expressed in grams.
• A unit of measurement commonly used in chemistry.

Molecular Weight (MW)

• The weight of a molecule.
• The sum of the atomic weights of all atoms in a molecular compound, expressed in amu.

Net Ionic Equation

• A chemical equation that excludes spectator ions (ions that remain unchanged).
• Represents the actual chemical change occurring in a reaction.
• Both atoms and charges are balanced.

Actual Yield

• The amount of product you get from a chemical reaction.
• Measured in grams.

Aqueous Solutions

• Solutions where water is the solvent.

Avogadro's Number

• The number of atoms in one mole of any compound.
• 6.023 x 10^23.

Batteries

• A type of voltaic cell.
• Generate electricity through a chemical reaction.

Bleaching

• The process of making colored compounds colorless.
• Occurs in the presence of bleaches.

Chemical Equation

• A representation of chemical reactions using chemical formulas.
• Shows reactants converting to products.

Combustion

• Burning in the presence of air.

Dissociation

• Occurs when ionic compounds dissolve in water.
• Positive and negative ions separate.

Endothermic Reactions

• Chemical reactions that absorb heat from surroundings.

Exothermic Reactions

• Chemical reactions that release heat to surroundings.

Formula Weight (FW)

• The total atomic weights of all atoms in a chemical formula.
• Measured in atomic mass units (amu).

Heat of Combustion

• The amount of heat released during a combustion reaction.

Heat of Reaction

• The amount of heat released or absorbed during a chemical reaction.

Limiting Reagent

• The reactant that runs out first in a chemical reaction.
• Limits the amount of product formed.

Molar Mass

• The mass of one mole of a substance in grams.
• The formula weight in grams.

Mole (mol)

• The formula weight of a substance expressed in grams.

Molecular Weight (MW)

• The weight of a molecule.
• Sum of the atomic weights of all atoms in a molecular compound.
• Measured in atomic mass units (amu).

Net Ionic Equation

• A chemical equation that does not include spectator ions.
• Both atoms and charges are balanced.