Acids and Bases Worksheet PDF

Acids and Bases​ The degree of ​acidity​ or ​alkalinity (basic)​ is important in organisms. The body must constantly maintain a near neutral pH (7) in the blood and body tissues. To do this, the body produces ​buffers ​that can ​neutralize​ acids. Acidic and basic conditions in the body occur...

Acids and Bases​ The degree of ​acidity​ or ​alkalinity (basic)​ is important in organisms. The body must constantly maintain a near neutral pH (7) in the blood and body tissues. To do this, the body produces ​buffers ​that can ​neutralize​ acids. Acidic and basic conditions in the body occur due to different ​metabolic (chemical) reactions​ taking place throughout the body. 1. What does alkalinity mean? The degree of basic something is. 2. What pH must organisms maintain? A neutral pH level of 7. 3. What characteristic of life would maintaining this balance be? (See textbook) This would be homeostasis. 4. What chemicals does the body produce to keep neutral pH? The body produces buffers to keep the pH neutral. 5. Buffers ____________ neutralize acids in the body. 6. Acidic and basic conditions occur due to metabolic(chemical) _____________ reactions in the body. Water is one of the most important molecules in the body. Cells are made mostly of water and water is required for almost every metabolic reaction in the body. The force of attraction between water molecules is so strong that the oxygen atom of one molecule can actually remove the hydrogen from other water molecules. This reaction is known as d​issociation​, and it takes place in our cells. Water (​H​2​0) dissociates ​into ​H+​​ a​ nd​ OH​-​ ions. ​A charged atom or molecule is called an​ ion. The ​OH​-​ ion is ​called​ ​the​ hydroxide ion, ​while the​ H​+​ ion ​is​ ​called the​ hydrogen ion.​ ​Free H​+​ ions​ can react with another water molecule to form the ​H3​​ O​+ ​or hydronium ion. ​The human body requires a ​neutral pH​ for many reasons. One 1  reason cells like a neutral pH is for proteins. ​Basic or acidic solutions denature proteins (change their shape) so they no longer work. 7. What is dissociation? Qoxygen atom of one molecule removes the hydrogen atom of the water molecules. 8. What is the chemical formula for water? The chemical formula for water is H2O 9. What is an ion? A charged atom or molecule is called an ion(Not neutral charge). 10. Name the 2 ions form when water dissociates. Hydrogen and hydroxide ions. 11. What is the hydroxide ion? Hydroxide ions are associated with bases and have a negative charge. 12. What is a hydrogen ion? Hydrogen ions are associated with acids and have a positive charge. A water molecule combined with a positively charged 13. What is the hydronium ion and its formula? hydrogen ion. ​H​3​O​+ ​ cidity or alkalinity ​is a measure of the relative amount of ​H+​ ​and OH​-​ ions A dissolved in a solution. ​Neutral solutions ​have an equal number of ​H+​ ​and OH​-​ ions. Acids​ have more ​H​3​O​+ ​ions (H+) ​than ​OH​- ​ions. Acids​ taste ​sour​ and can be ​corrosive. Digestive fluids ​in the​ ​body are acidic and must be neutralized by buffers. ​Bases ​contain more ​OH​- ​ions ​than ​H3​​ O​+ ​ions. Bases ​taste​ bitter ​and​ feel slippery. When an acid is combined with a base, ​neutralization​ occurs. The result of neutralization is a ​salt​ and ​water​. Neutralization helps return our body ​pH​ to ​neutral. The process of our bodies maintaining neutral pH so that proteins can work properly without being denaturated (unfolded) is known as ​homeostasis​. 14. How do you measure for acidity or alkalinity? Bases contain more hydroxide ions than hydronium ions(or hydrogen ions) while acids contain more hydronium ions(or hydrogen ions) than hydroxide. 15. What is a neutral solution? They have the same number of hydrogen ions and hydroxide ions. 2  16. Acids have more ___________ hydronium ions and taste _____________. sour And can be ________________. corrosive 17. Bases contain more _____________ hydroxide ions than ____________ hydronium ions. 18. ______________ digestive fluids are acid in the body and must be _________________ neutralized by _________________. buffers 19. Bases taste ________________ bitter slippery and feel __________________. 20. What is neutralization? Neutralization helps make a substance neutral rather than acidic or basic. 21. What 2 things are produced by neutralization? Salt and Water 22. Neutralization keeps our pH at ________________ 7(neutral) and is an example of maintaining ______________________. homeostasis Color the following diagrams according to the key. 3 Questions: 1. Why is the water molecule so important to organisms? ______________________________________________________________ The water molecule is so important because almost every cell is made up of water and is required ______________________________________________________________ for a lot of chemical reactions. 2. What ions form when water dissociates? ______________________________________________________________ Hydroxide and hydrogen ions. 3. What is meant by the term alkalinity? ______________________________________________________________ How basic a substance is. 4. What is produced by the body to help neutralize acidic conditions? Buffers 4 ______________________________________________________________ 5. What is the name for the ​OH​- ​ions​? ______________________________________________________________ Hydroxide ions 6. What is the name for the ​H+​​ ion​? _____________________________________________________________ Hydrogen ions 7. How does the hydronium ion form? What is its formula? ______________________________________________________________ Hydronium ions form from water molecules reacting with hydrogen ions. H3O ______________________________________________________________ 8. Why do most proteins need near a neutral pH? ______________________________________________________________ So they can work properly and not get denatured. 9. What two substances form from an acid-base neutralization? ______________________________________________________________ Salt and Water 10. Acids have an excess of ____________ hydrogen ions. 5