Tissue Fixation and Preparation PDF

# Tissue Fixation and Preparation ## What are the goals of tissue fixation? * Slowing down tissue metabolism and cellular activities * Enhancing tissue coloration for better visual inspection * Preservation of tissue structure, prevention of decay, facilitating microscopic examination, preparatio...

# Tissue Fixation and Preparation ## What are the goals of tissue fixation? * Slowing down tissue metabolism and cellular activities * Enhancing tissue coloration for better visual inspection * Preservation of tissue structure, prevention of decay, facilitating microscopic examination, preparation for molecular analysis and archiving ## What are the characteristics of a good fixative? * Rapid tissue penetration, quick reaction, minimal structure alteration, safe to use, low cost ## Why is it important for a 10% formalin-buffered solution to have a pH range of 7.2 to 7.4 for tissue preservation? * To ensure the stability of the fixative and effective tissue preservation ## What factors affect tissue fixation? * Time and Temperature * Type of material (bone tissue, soft tissue, cartilage) * Chemical properties of the fixative (pH) ## What is the purpose of the dehydration process in tissue preparation? * To replace water in tissues with non-polar substances ## What is the purpose of using intermediate fluids in tissue preparation? * To facilitate the transition from dehydration to paraffin infiltration ## Select the characteristic components of granulation tissue: * Fibroblasts, loose connective tissue, new capillaries, inflammatory cells ## Which change is typical of cell aging? * Shortening of telomeres ## What is characteristic of myocardial infarction from a pathological point of view? * Coagulative necrosis ## What characterizes Lynch syndrome? * Increased risk of lung cancer ## Which of the following factors is NOT associated with the development of atherosclerosis? * High HDL level ## Select the false statement regarding miRNA: * They encode proteins ## Cushing's ulcer is commonly associated with: * Severe Burns ## All are morphological features of respiratory distress syndrome (RIDS) except: * Prominent neutrophilic inflammatory infiltrate in pulmonary parenchyma ## Caseous necrosis occurs in: * Tuberculosis ## Cardiac muscle in the course of spontaneous pulmonary emphysema undergoes * Hypertrophy ## What is characteristic of pancreatic enzymatic necrosis? * Abundant infiltration with neutrophils and eosinophilia ## What is an example of steatosis? * Accumulation of simple fats in the cytoplasm of cardiomyocytes ## Which of the following below is the primary risk factor for developing skin cancer? * Exposure to UV radiation ## Causes of chronic inflammation include * Prolonged exposure to potential toxic exogenous and endogenous factors ## Select the characteristic components of granulation tissue: * Fibroblasts, loose connective tissue, new capillaries, inflammatory cells ## Which is not secondary hypercoagulable states? * Factor V mutation ## Where is KRAS most often found? * Pancreatic cancer ## All are risk factors for ARDS except * Mature birth ## Nutmeg liver * Central necrosis with peripheral fatty change ## Medical student is bitten by a mosquito, 5 mins later they observe the change. The erythema is caused by * Vasodilation ## Staining used for cytological purposes * papanicolaou / PAP stain ## Exudate is a sign for * Acute inflammation ## Active transport of neutrophil through the gradient: * Chemotaxis ## What can cause chronic inflammation? * Tuberculosis ## Cardinal signs * Calor, rubor, tumor, dolor, function laesa ## Sex cord stromal tumor * Sertoli cells tumor ## Prepuce cannot be retracted easily over the glans penis * Phimosis ## Term for urethral opening found on the ventral aspect of the penis * Hypospadias ## Term for abnormal urethral orifice on the dorsal aspect of the penis. * Epispadias ## Question about tissue repairing, wound healing * Impaired by infection, diabetes, poor perfusion ## Most common death in age under 1 year old * Congenital malformation ## Granuloma * Epithelioid cell, giant cell, caseous necrosis ## RB1 is * Tumor suppressor gene and retinoblastoma ## Qs about gene rearrangement * BCR-ABL in CML ## Which of the following features is not characteristic of pulmonary embolism? * Chest pain ## Malignant Malignant neoplasm composed of blastema, epithelial and stromal elements typical for children * Wilms tumor ## Select the incorrect answer: * Pathomorphological diagnosis includes only microscopic evaluation ## Select the correct answer regarding tissue fixation: * The routine fixative is 10% buffered formalin with a pH of 9.2-9.4 ## Select the correct answer: * Hematoxylin stains nuclei and eosin stains cytoplasm ## Familial Mediterranean Fever: * The most serious complication is progressive systemic amyloidosis of the A type, particularly impairing kidney function. ## Lesch-Nyhan syndrome: * Males are asymptomatic carriers of the mutation. ## In the histological image of purulent inflammation of the gallbladder, you will not find: * Inflammatory infiltrate with predominance of basophils. ## Leakage of intestinal anastomosis after segmental resection due to transverse colon cancer in a patient will cause everything except: * Increase in vitamin C production in the liver. ## Seminoma: * It is a tumor derived from sex cords and stromata ## in which of the following organs is squamous cell carcinoma most commonly found: * Penis, testis ## All are morphological features of acute pulmonary congestion except: * Interstitial fibrosis (thickened fibrotic alveolar septas) ## The vast majority of emboli are composed of: * Thrombus ## Indicate the true statement: * An auto inflammatory disease can be exacerbated by an innocent stimulus, such as a change in temperature. ## In prostate adenocarcinoma, the grading system is based on: * Assessment of nuclear morphology ## Which of the following features is not characteristic of pulmonary embolism? * Assessment of the amount of eosinophilic cells ## What role do Langhans cells play in inflammatory reactions? * They are a type of macrophages ## What is the cause of thrombosis? * Damage to the vascular endothelium ## What is characteristic of benign tumors? * Restriction to the primary site of origin ## The immunohistochemical panel enabling the diagnosis of prostate cancer is: * AMACR, CKHMW, PSA, p63 ## Which of the following tumors arises as a result of bacterial infection: * Anaplastic carcinoma ## Malignant tumor of mesenchymal origin is: * Osteosarcoma ## Seminoma: * It is a tumor derived from sex cords and stromata ## Familial Mediterranean Fever: * The most serious complication is progressive systemic amyloidosis of the A type, particularly impairing kidney function. ## Lesch-Nyhan syndrome: * Males are asymptomatic carriers of the mutation. ## In the histological image of purulent inflammation of the gallbladder, you will not find: * Inflammatory infiltrate with predominance of basophils. ## Leakage of intestinal anastomosis after segmental resection due to transverse colon cancer in a patient will cause everything except: * Increase in vitamin C production in the liver.