Spain and the Philippines in the 19th Century PDF

UNIVERSITY OF PERPETUAL HELP SYSTEM SEMESTER |Life and Works of Rizal 1st...

UNIVERSITY OF PERPETUAL HELP SYSTEM SEMESTER |Life and Works of Rizal 1st DR. JOSE G. TAMAYO MEDICAL UNIVERSITY – B.S. Nursing A.Y. 2024 – 2025 LAGUNA SPAIN AND THE PHILIPPINES IN THE 19TH Abandonment of Mercantalism CENTURY SPAIN IN THE 19TH CENTURY Political Instability in Spain After the death of Ferdinand VII 1830 all of Spain’s American colonies have seceded and became independent (except Cuba and Puerto Rico) Mercantalism - An economic doctrine based on Struggle for the thrown ISABELLA VS the idea that a country’s wealth and power is CHARLES (CARLOS) = CARLIST WAR measured in terms of its stock of gold and silver. CARLIST WAS DEFEATED Laissez Faire ISABELLA - Defied the tradition to become the sole female monarch of Spain UNDER ISABELLA II Lost the bid to re-conquer Peru and Chile Mismanagement by her favorites Frequent changes of government prevailed event after Isabella’s overthrow in 1868. The 19th century was a turbulent century of politics in Spanish history. End of the Galleon Trade Period of Political Instability Philippines was opened to world commerce Reason: Frequent rise and fall of ministries Philippines During Rizal’s Time and constitutions. Solution: Canovite System / Rotativism Encomienda System - a system of forced labor Policy: The liberals and conservatives in imposed on indigenous workers by Spanish Spain took turns in administering the affairs colonists. of the country. Effect in the Philippines? Affected Philippines adversely. Dumping around of relatives and favorites of Spanish Politicians in Madrid. 1 | Arjen Nicole A. Camat  Administrative Organization Judicial Power The Philippines was governed directly by the Spanish Crown thru, the Ministry of Colonies. The government was unitary as policies implemented by the colonial administrators from Luzon to Mindanao came from Manila- central government APPOINTED BY THE SPANISH MONARCH Governor-General ✓ Head of the Spanish Colonial Government ✓ Represents the Crown in all government matters Others: ✓ Vice Royal Patron over religious affairs (can nominate priests for ecclesiastical No Legislature, No representation in the administration and parishes) Spanish Cortes ✓ Commander in Chief As a consequence-Governance of the Philippines was based on special laws National Government Reason: Distance – Gov.Gen. exercised Absolute Powers: Chief Executive – ex-officio president of the Can reward position to his favorites Royal Audencia (Supreme Court) even if unqualified Legislative powers (actos acordados) Widespread selling of key position to Cumplase or power to decide which law or the highest bidder royal decree should be implemented or disregarded in the colony. (distance) Social Structure of Filipino Society Local Government Units Philippine Society was feudalistic as a consequence of encomienda system. Imposed collection of taxes and tributes and required the natives to render polo y servicio. Doctrine of Limpieza De Sangre (Purity of Key Figure in the Local Administrative Set-up Blood) Frailrocracia Guardia Civil – filibusteros & erehes 2 | Arjen Nicole A. Camat  EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM ❖ UNIVERSITY OF STO. TOMAS ❖ COLLEGIO DE STO TOMAS ❖ COLLEGIO DE SAN JUAN DE LETRAN IN MANILA ❖ ATENEO MUNICIPALS (JESUITS) ❖ SANTA ISABEL ❖ LA CONCORDIA ❖ SANTA ROSA ❖ SANTA CATALINA The Educational Decree of 1863 – public education was opened to the natives, 1 elementary school for boys and 1 for girls. Weakness of the Educational System Over emphasis on religion Limited and irrelevant curriculum Obsolete classroom facilities Inadequate instructional materials Absence of academic freedom Racial prejudice against the Filipinos in school ECONOMIC SITUATION The country was opened to Foreign Trade, which resulted in the rapid rise of foreign firms in Manila. The presence of foreign traders stimulated agricultural production and export of sugar, rice, hemp and tobacco. 3 | Arjen Nicole A. Camat