ITNP Week 10 PDF

TRANSCULTURAL NURSING: ACROSS THE LIFESPAN Lecturer: RIAMA MARLYN SIHOMBING, SKp, MKep Dilarang memperbanyak karya tulis ini, termasuk fotokopi, tanpa ijin tertulis dari Universitas Pelita Harapan.  Learning Objective Cultural beliefs and Cultural b...

TRANSCULTURAL NURSING: ACROSS THE LIFESPAN Lecturer: RIAMA MARLYN SIHOMBING, SKp, MKep Dilarang memperbanyak karya tulis ini, termasuk fotokopi, tanpa ijin tertulis dari Universitas Pelita Harapan.  Learning Objective Cultural beliefs and Cultural beliefs and Cultural beliefs and Cultural beliefs and traditional traditional traditional traditional practices during practices in nursing practices in nursing practices in nursing pregnancy, child- care for child care for adults care for elderly birth & postnatal  PENDAHULUAN. INTRODUCTION Sunrise Model Nilai-nilai, kepercayaan, dan praktik tidak dapat diubah dalam budaya dan dimensi struktur sosial masyarakat, termasuk bahasa, etnik, dan lingkungan (Potter & Perry, 2020). Values, beliefs, and practices cannot be changed within a culture and the dimensions of a society's social structure, including language, ethnicity, and environment (Potter & Perry, 2020) Konsep utama: Manusia, Kesehatan, Lingkungan, Keperawatan. Key concepts: Man, Health, Environment, Nursing  CULTURAL BELIEFS AND TRADITIONAL PRACTICES DURING PREGNANCY, CHILD- BIRTH & POSTNATAL Dilarang memperbanyak karya tulis ini, termasuk fotokopi, tanpa ijin tertulis dari Universitas Pelita Harapan. Cultural Beliefs System during Pregnancy, Childbirth & Postnatal Kehamilan mengalami periode transisi yg dipengaruhi oleh beberapa keyakinan selama kehamilan. Pregnancy is a transitional period that affected by some beliefs during pregnancy Masa kehamilan: menyadari kesehatan bayi. Pregnancy: realizing the health of the baby Kelahiran anak: perubahan tanggung jawab, psikologi, status fisiologis, dan hubungan social. Birth of a child: changes in responsibilities, psychological status, and social relatinships Edukasi sangat penting pada periode ini, mis; edukasi masalah penularan HIV. Education is very important during this period, e.g. education of HIV transmission issues Keyakinan Preskriptif. Prescriptive Beliefs Keyakinan Restriktif. Restrictive Beliefs Tabu. Taboo Bumil tetap aktif selama kehamilan untuk Hindari udara dingin (Mexico, Haiti, & Asia). Jangan berjalan di siang hari atau jam 5 sore membantu sirkulasi bayi (India). Pregnant Avoid cold air (Mexico, Haiti, & Asia) (Indonesia, Vietnam). Do not walk during the woman remain active during pregnancy to help Hindari pernikahan dan pemakaman krn akan day or at 5pm (Indonesia, Vietnam) baby's circulation (India) membawa nasib buruk bagi bayi (Vietnam). Hindari gerhana bulan (Mexico). Avoid the lunar Bumil membawa bayi dengan sukacita & Avoid weddings and funerals as they will bring eclipse (Mexico) merupakan keberuntungan (Indian, Mexico, bad luck to the baby (Vietnam) Jangan memanggil nama bayi sebelum acara Jepang). Pregnant woman carry babies with joy Jangan melakukan hubungan seksual (Vietnam, pemberian nama (Yahudi Ortodox). Do not call & are good luck (India, Mexico, Japan) Filipina). Do not have sex (Vietnam, Philippines) the baby's name before the naming ceremony Bumil tetap aktif selama kehamilan untuk Jangan menjahit (India, Asia). Do not sew (India, (Orthodox Jews) memastikan bayi sehat dan persalinan yg mudah Asia) Jangan mengikuti upacara tradisional spt. Yei (Mexico dan Kamboja, Indonesia). Pregnant Hindari pekerjaan yg berat, makan banyak & atau menari Squaw (Navajo). Do not participate woman remain active during pregnancy to makanan yg sehat (Iran). Avoid heavy work, eat a in traditional ceremonies such as Yei or Squaw ensure healthly baby and easy delivery (Mexico lot & healthy food (Iran) dancing (Navajo) and Cambodia, Indonesia) Melilitkan handuk di leher (Indonesia). Wrapping Larangan makan siput, pisang matang, okra, Bumil membawa benda tajam (Indonesia). kacang tanah, milo, gandum, kentang, jahe, a towel around the neck (Indonesia) Pregnant woman carry sharp objects nenas dan mangga (Indonesia, Ghana). Prohibit (Indonesia) eating snails, ripe bananas, okra, peanuts, milo, Dipijat (Indonesia). Massage (Indonesia) wheat, potatoes, ginger, pineapple and Upacara untuk merayakan kehamilan dan mangoes (Indonesia, Ghana) meminta berkah bagi ibu dan bayi: Opat Keyakinan Budaya. bulanan atau nujuh bulanan (Indonesia). A ceremony to celebrate pregnancy and ask for blessings for mother and baby. Fourth month or Cultural Beliefs seventh month (Indonesia)  Praktik perawatan ibu hamil pada berbagai budaya Maternity care practices in various cultures Wanita harus memberi tahu ibu mertuanya terlebih dahulu bahwa ia hamil. Budaya Timur (Korea) Kemudian memberi tahu suami dan ibunya. Woman must tell the mother-in-law Eastern Culture (Korea first that she is pregnant. Then she tells her husband and then her mother. Bumil diharapkan hanya melihat hal-hal yg 'indah' (taekyo태교). Segala sesuatu yg dimakan, dirasakan, dipikirkan, atau dilihatnya dpt memengaruhi penampilan fisik bayi. Bumil hanya boleh makan makanan yg tidak bercacat & harus menghindari buah, kue, sayuran, dll yg rusak atau bengkok. The pregnant woman was expected to only look at ‘beautiful’ things (taekyo태교.). Everything she ate, felt, thought, or saw could influence the baby’s physical appearance. She could only eat unblemished foods and had to avoid broken or crooked pieces of fruit, cookies, vegetables, etc. Persalinan: Bumil tidak boleh menunjukkan rasa sakit saat melahirkan karena hal ini mrpkn tanda kelemahan & memalukan. Ia diharapkan tetap diam & memfokuskan seluruh energi tubuhnya pd ‘chi’ – energi alami. Childbirth: A pregnant woman should not show any pain during childbirth as this is a sign of weakness and shame. She is expected to remain silent and focus all her body energy on ‘chi’ – natural energy.  Praktik perawatan ibu hamil pada berbagai budaya Maternity care practices in various cultures (cont.) Postnatal: Budaya Timur (Korea) Setelah kelahiran seorang anak selama 21 hari, tali jerami, atau geumchul금줄, digantung di pintu rumah. Jimat ini digunakan untuk menakut-nakuti roh jahat dan Eastern Culture (Korea memperingatkan orang agar tdk memasuki tempat tsb, krn seorg anak baru saja lahir. Upon the birth of a child for 21 days, a straw rope, or geumchul금줄, is hung across the gate to the house. These talismans are used to frighten away evil spirits as well as to warn people not to enter the premises, as a child has recently been born. Ibu mengonsumsi sup rumput laut atau miyeok guk 미역국 tiga kali sehari selama 2-3 bulan berikutnya. Sup ini mengandung kalsium dan yodium yang tinggi, nutrisi yang penting bagi ibu menyusui. The mother eats seaweed soup atau miyeok guk 미역국 three times a day over the next 2-3 months. It contains a high content of calcium and iodine, nutrients that are important for nursing mothers. Setelah melahirkan, sang ibu dimanja. Ada 21 hari samil-il, tugas seorang ibu hanya makan dan istirahat karena tubuhnya masih lemah. After giving birth, the mother is Geumchul 금줄 pampered. There are 21 days of samil-il, a mother's job is only to eat and rest because her body is still weak.  Praktik perawatan ibu hamil pada berbagai budaya Maternity care practices in various cultures (cont.) Budaya Barat (mis. AS, Eropa Barat). Western Culture (USA, West Europe) Perawatan prenatal: Ibu hamil rutin melakukan pemeriksaan kehamilan dan mengikuti anjuran dokter. Prenatal care: Pregnant woman routinely undergo pregnancy check-ups and follow the doctor's recommendations. Aktivitas fisik: Aktivitas fisik ringan seperti jalan kaki atau yoga dianjurkan untuk menjaga kesehatan ibu hamil. Physical activity: Light physical activity such as walking or yoga is recommended to maintain the health of pregnant woman. Pendidikan kehamilan: Ibu hamil mengikuti kelas pendidikan kehamilan untuk belajar tentang perubahan tubuh, persalinan, dan perawatan bayi. Pregnancy education: Pregnant women attend pregnancy education classes to learn about body changes, childbirth, and baby care. Pilihan persalinan: Ibu hamil memiliki lebih banyak pilihan dalam memilih tempat persalinan dan metode persalinan. Birth options: Pregnant woman has more choices in choosing the place of delivery and the method of delivery.  Praktik perawatan ibu hamil pada berbagai budaya Maternity care practices in various cultures (cont.) Budaya Afrika (Ethiopia). African Culture (Ethiopia) Kehamilan adalah kondisi tdk sehat. Bumil hrs minum air suci, dan berdoa kpd Tuhan di Gereja di depan foto Orang Suci. Pregnancy is an unhealthy condition. Pregnant woman should drink holy water and pray to God in the Church in front of the Saints' photos. Bumil membatasi diri dari makan makanan bergizi spt. mentega, pisang, susu, madu, & daging yg menyebabkan bumil mjd gemuk shg jalan lahir menyempit & bayi tdk dpt keluar dgn mudah. Pregnant woman should limit themselves from eating nutritious foods such as butter, bananas, milk, honey, and meat which cause pregnant women to become fat so that the birth canal narrows, and the baby cannot come out easily. Bumil mengkonsumsi roti barley, lada giling, & biji-bijian panggang serta minuman herbal lokal spt. damakasiye, grawa, aregresa, tenaadam, rue, & bawang putih. Makanan tradisional & herbal utk mencegah peny Rh-isoimunisasi (‘‘shotelay’’) & komplikasi kehamilan lainnya. Pregnant women consume barley bread, ground pepper, and roasted grains and drink local herbal drinks such as damakasiye, grawa, aregresa, tenaadam, rue, and garlic. Traditional foods and herbs to prevent Rh-isoimmunization (‘‘shotelay’’) and other pregnancy complications.  Praktik perawatan ibu hamil pada berbagai budaya Maternity care practices in various cultures (cont.) Budaya Afrika (Ethiopia). African Culture (Ethiopia) Persalinan: memoles rumah dengan kotoran sapi, membuka setiap benda di dalam rumah, melepaskan ikat pinggang suami, berlutut di atas tanah, memantulkan cermin, menyeberangkan wanita yang akan melahirkan ke seberang sungai, duduk di tempat wadah adonan, memanggang jelai tiga kali, membuat kopi berulang- ulang, menggerakkan ayam putih di sekitar kepala ibu yang akan melahirkan tiga kali, memijat perut ibu yang akan melahirkan dengan mentega, dan lain-lain. Childbirth: polishing the house with cow dung, opening every object in the house, untying the husband's belt, kneeling on the ground, reflecting the mirror, crossing the woman who is about to give birth across the river, sitting on the dough container, roasting barley three times, making coffee repeatedly, moving the white chicken around the head of the mother who is about to give birth three times, massaging the mother's stomach with butter, etc Kelahiran: masa bahagia bagi ibu, keluarga, dan tetangga pada umumnya dan mereka merayakannya bersama dengan berbagai upacara budaya termasuk menyiapkan bubur, menyembelih domba, kambing, atau ayam, membuat kopi, berdoa kepada Santa Maria, dan lain-lain. Birth: the period of happines for the mother, family, and neighbors in general and they celebrate it together with various cultural ceremonies including preparing porridge, slaughtering a sheep, goat, or chicken, making coffee, praying to Saint Mary, etc.  Praktik perawatan ibu hamil pada berbagai budaya Maternity care practices in various cultures (cont.) Budaya Indonesia (Jawa Barat). Indonesian Culture (West Java) Kehamilan merupakan siklus normal dlm kehidupan perempuan (kehamilan mrpkn fenomena alamiah, bukan penyakit; tdk adanya tanda bahaya selama kehamilan & kematian bayi atau ibu selama kehamilan disebabkan oleh kehendak Tuhan); Pregnancy was a normal cycle in women’s lives (pregnancy is a natural phenomenon, not a sickness; no recognition of danger signs during pregnancy and death of baby or mother during pregnancy were brought about by God’s will); Bumil mengikuti kepercayaan tradisional (motivasi positif untuk mengikuti kepercayaan tradisional dan takut tidak mengikuti kepercayaan tradisional); Pregnant woman followed the traditional beliefs (positive motivation to follow the traditional beliefs and fear of not following the traditional beliefs) Mengandalkan dukun beranak (dukun tradisional) yang disebut para ji daripada bidan (para ji lebih baik, toleran, dan sabar serta memiliki lebih banyak pengalaman daripada bidan; lebih mudah diakses daripada bidan dan mendorong kelahiran alami). Relying on TBA (Traditional Bearing Attendants) called para ji rather than a midwife (para jis are kind, tolerant, and patient and have more experience than midwives; more accessibility than midwives and encouragement of natural birth) CULTURAL BELIEFS AND TRADITIONAL PRACTICES IN NURSING CARE FOR CHILD Dilarang memperbanyak karya tulis ini, termasuk fotokopi, tanpa ijin tertulis dari Universitas Pelita Harapan. Cultural Beliefs System in Child-bearing Pengasuhan anak sangat penting tidak hanya bagi orang tua tapi juga anak. Parenting is important not only for parents but also for children. Perawatan anak: mempersiapkan mereka untuk mengelola tugas kehidupan. Childcare: preparing them to manage life tasks Keyakinan orang tua: ide, pengetahuan, nilai, tujuan, dan sikap, merupakan hal yang penting dalam pengasuhan dan Kesehatan mental anak. Parental beliefs: ideas, knowledge, values, goals, and attitudes, are important in parenting and children's mental health. Faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi kepercayaan dan praktik pengasuhan anak. Factors influencing child-rearing beliefs and practices Pengaruh orang tua: faktor sosial ekonomi, latar belakang pendidikan, politik, dan hukum, agama, teknologi, lingkungan, budaya, atribut dan preferensi pribadi Keyakinan dan tindakan orang tua: pertumbuhan & perkembangan normal, nutrisi, tidur, eliminasi, disiplin, hubungan anak dengan orang tua, saudara kandung, anggota keluarga lain, pengasuh, sehat/sakit, perawatan kesehatan preventif, imunisasi Faktor genetic anak Pengaruh masyarakat, tradisional, dan system perawatan kesehatan biomedis yang dipilih oleh orang tua yang berhubungan dengan perawatan kesehatan primer, sekunder, dan tersier yang sesuai dengan keyakinannya  Praktik Pengasuhan Anak pada Berbagai Budaya Child-Rearing Practices in Different Cultures Budaya Timur (mis. Tiongkok, Jepang, Korea) Budaya Barat (mis. AS, Eropa Barat Eastern Culture (e.g. China, Japan, Korea) Western Culture (e.g. USA, West Europe) Penekanan pada pendidikan: Anak-anak didorong untuk Individualisme: Anak-anak didorong untuk menjadi berprestasi akademik tinggi dan seringkali mengikuti les mandiri dan mengejar tujuan pribadi. Individualism: tambahan. Emphasis on education: Children are encouraged to achieve high academic achievement and often take extra lessons. Children are encouraged to be independent and pursue Hormat terhadap orang tua dan orang yang lebih tua: Anak-anak personal goals. diajarkan untuk menghormati orang tua, guru, dan orang yang lebih Ekspresi diri: Anak-anak didorong utk mengekspresikan tua. Respect for parents and elders: Children are taught to respect diri dan perasaan mereka. Self-expression: Children are their parents, teachers, and elders. encouraged to express themselves and their feelings. Keterikatan keluarga: Keluarga inti dan keluarga besar sangat penting, dan anak-anak diharapkan untuk menjaga hubungan yang Demokrasi dalam keluarga: Keputusan seringkali diambil erat dengan keluarga. Family cohesion: The nuclear and extended secara bersama-sama dalam keluarga. Family families are very important, and children are expected to maintain democracy: Decisions are often made collectively within close relationships with their families. the family. Malu dan rasa hormat: Konsep malu dan rasa hormat sangat Kemerdekaan: Anak-anak diberikan lebih banyak dihargai, dan anak-anak diajarkan untuk menjaga martabat kebebasan untuk membuat pilihan sendiri. keluarga. Shame and honor: The concepts of shame and honor are highly valued, and children are taught to uphold the dignity of the Independence: Children are given more freedom to make family. their own choices.  Praktik Pengasuhan Anak pada Berbagai Budaya Child-Rearing Practices in Different Cultures Budaya Latin (mis. Meksiko, Spanyol Budaya Afrika Hispanik Culture (e.g. Mexico, Spain) Africa Culture Keluarga besar: Keluarga besar sangat penting, dan anak- Komunitas: Komunitas memainkan peran penting dalam anak seringkali tinggal bersama dengan kakek-nenek, paman, pengasuhan anak. Anak-anak seringkali dibesarkan oleh dan bibi. Extended family: The extended family is very seluruh desa. Community: Community plays an important important, and children often live with grandparents, aunts, role in child-rearing. Children are often raised by the entire and uncles. village. Hormati orang tua: Anak-anak diajarkan untuk menghormati Cerita rakyat: Cerita rakyat digunakan untuk mengajarkan orang tua dan mengikuti aturan keluarga. Respect for parents: nilai-nilai moral kepada anak-anak. Folklore: Folklore is used Children are taught to respect their parents and follow family to teach moral values to children. rules. Musik dan tarian: Musik dan tarian adalah bagian penting dari Agama: Agama memainkan peran penting dalam kehidupan kehidupan sehari-hari dan digunakan untuk mengajar dan keluarga, dan nilai-nilai agama diajarkan kepada anak-anak. menghibur anak-anak. Music and dance: Music and dance Religion: Religion plays an important role in family life, and are an important part of everyday life and are used to teach religious values are taught to children. and entertain children. Ekspresi emosi: Ekspresi emosi, terutama kebahagiaan, Keterhubungan dengan alam: Anak-anak diajarkan untuk sangat dihargai. Expression of emotions: Expression of menghormati alam dan lingkungan sekitar. Connectedness to emotions, especially happiness, is highly valued. nature: Children are taught to respect nature and the environment. CULTURAL BELIEFS AND TRADITIONAL PRACTICES IN NURSING CARE FOR ADULTS Dilarang memperbanyak karya tulis ini, termasuk fotokopi, tanpa ijin tertulis dari Universitas Pelita Harapan.  Cultural Beliefs System in Adults Setiap tahap perkembangan memiliki karakteristik budaya yang unik yang perlu diperhatikan. Each stage of development has unique cultural characteristics that need to be considered Dewasa: Perbedaan dalam pandangan tentang kesehatan, penyakit, dan kematian. Adulthood: Differences in views of health, illness, and death. Konsep kesehatan tidak hanya mencakup aspek fisik, tetapi juga mental, sosial, dan spiritual. Setiap budaya memiliki pemahaman yang unik tentang kesehatan, yang dipengaruhi oleh sejarah, kepercayaan, dan lingkungan sosial. The concept of health encompasses not only physical aspects, but also mental, social, and spiritual aspects. Each culture has a unique understanding of health, influenced by history, beliefs, and social environment.  Konsep Kesehatan dalam Berbagai Budaya Concepts of Health in Different Cultures Aspect Budaya Timur. Eastern Culture Budaya Barat. Western Budaya Indonesia. Indonesian Fokus Holistik ( keseimbangan tubuh, Individu, kondisi fisik yang Holistik, Sinkretis (perpaduan berbagai Focus pikiran, jiwa). bebas dari penyakit pengaruh spt. budaya asli, Hindu- Holistic (balance between body, Individual, a physical Buddha, Islam, dan Barat. mind, and spirit) state free from disease Holistic, Syncretism (a blend of various influences, e.g. Indigenous cultures, Hindu-Buddha, Islamic & Western Pendekatan Holistik, alami Ilmiah, medis Kombinasi medis modern & tradisional. Approaches Holistic, nature Scientific approach, Combination of modern and traditional medicine medicine Penyebab penyakit Ketidakseimbangan energi, Faktor fisik, biologis. Kombinasi factor fisik, spiritual & Causes of disease pengaruh spiritual. Physical factors, biology sosial. The balance of energy and Combination of physical, spiritual & spiritual influence social factors Pengobatan Herbal, akupuntur, terapi pijat. Medis, farmakologis Kombinasi medis modern, jamu, Treatment Herbal medicine, acupuncture, Medicine, Pharmacology refleksi, ritual. Combination of modern and massage therapy medicine, herbal, reflexology, and various traditional healing rituals  Konsep Kesehatan dalam Berbagai Budaya Concepts of Health in Different Cultures (cont.) Stres: Konsep penyakit: Concept of disease: Budaya Barat, stres sering diatasi dengan obat- Di Barat, penyakit sering dilihat sebagai musuh obatan. In Western cultures, stress is often yang harus dilawan. In the West, disease is treated with medication. often seen as an enemy to be fought. Budaya Timur, meditasi & tai chi mungkin lbh Di Timur, penyakit bisa dilihat sebagai diutamakan. In Eastern cultures, meditation ketidakseimbangan yang perlu dipulihkan, spt. and tai chi may be preferred. yin & yang dlm budaya Tiongkok, atau chakra Di Indonesia, seseorang mungkin mencari dlm budaya India. In the East, disease may be solusi melalui pengobatan tradisional atau seen as an imbalance that needs to be berkonsultasi dgn dukun. In Indonesia, one may restored, e.g. yin and yang in Chinese culture, or seek solutions through traditional medicine or chakras in Indian culture consult a shaman. Di Indonesia, penyakit bisa dikaitkan dengan kekuatan gaib atau kutukan. In Indonesia, disease may be associated with supernatural forces or curses. Faktor yang memengaruhi perawatan Kesehatan Factors Affecting Health Care Faktor social & ekonomi: keterjangkauan & aksesibilitas. Social & economic factors: affordability & accessibility Nilai-nilai budaya, praktik, pola pengasuhan & sumber daya komunitas yg tersedia. Cultural values, practices, parenting patterns and available community resources Keluarga, gaya hidup individu, kesehatan & perilaku koping. Family, individual lifestyle, health & coping behaviour CULTURAL BELIEFS AND TRADITIONAL PRACTICES IN NURSING CARE FOR ELDERLY Dilarang memperbanyak karya tulis ini, termasuk fotokopi, tanpa ijin tertulis dari Universitas Pelita Harapan.  Cultural Beliefs System in Elderly Perkembangan fisiologi. Perubahan hormon: Menopause, hilangnya potensi seksual. Hormonal changes: Menopause, loss of Physiological development sexual potency Perkembangan psikososial. Tahap kehidupan: perceraian, pernikahan kembali, perubahan karir. Life stage: divorce, remarriage, Progress psychososial career change Usia sosial: masa dewasa muda (kemandirian, Standar kronologis. perubahan peran) & dewasa menengah (karir, Chronological standard urusan keluarga). Social age: young adulthood (independence, changing roles) and middle adulthood (career, family matters) Tugas perkembangan. Fisiologi, psikologis, spiritual, perubahan social. Physiology, psychology, spirituality change social Developmental tasks  Jenis perawatan yg diperlukan lansia Types of care needed by elderly people Keperawatan Pemeliharaan kesehatan Pelayanan kesehatan terkoordinasi, layanan dan perawatan perorangan intensif. sosial, dan layanan restorative. Health Intensive personal tambahan. Coordinated maintenance and health services nursing, social services, restorative care and additional services  Perawatan lansia berdasarkan Budaya Concepts of Health in Different Cultures Aspect Budaya Timur. Eastern Culture Budaya Barat. Western Budaya Indonesia. Indonesian Peran keluarga Sangat penting. Penting, namun banyak Sangat penting, gotong royong. Role of family Very important lansia tinggal di panti Keluarga besar & tetangga saling jompo. important, but membantu dlm merawat lansia. many elderly people live Very important, mutual cooperation in nursing homes Extended family & neighbors help each other in caring for the elderly. Pengobatan Tradisional, holistik Medis modern Kombinasi tradisional & modern Treatments Traditional, holistic Modern medicine Combination of traditional & modern Kemerdekaan individu Lebih menekankan pd Lebih menekankan pd Kombinasi, tergantung pada keluarga Individual ketergantungan pd keluarga kemerdekaan individu dan kondisi lansia independence More emphasis on dependence More emphasis on Combination, depending on family and on family individual independence elderly conditions Kualitas hidup Penekanan pd keseimbangan Penekanan pada kualitas Penekanan pada kebersamaan dan Quality of life hidup hidup, aktivitas sosial keharmonisan keluarga Emphasis on life balance Emphasis on quality of Emphasis on togetherness and family life, social activities harmony  Faktor yang memengaruhi perawatan lansia Factors Affecting Elderly Care Kondisi Kesehatan lansia Penyakit kronis, disabilitas, dan kebutuhan medis yang berbeda-beda akan mempengaruhi jenis perawatan yang dibutuhkan. Chronic Health conditions of the illnesses, disabilities, and varying medical needs will affect the type of elderly care needed Sumber daya ekonomi Ketersediaan dana akan mempengaruhi jenis perawatan yang dapat diberikan. The availability of funds will affect the type of care that can be Economic resources provided Nilai-nilai budaya Nilai-nilai budaya yang dianut oleh keluarga dan masyarakat akan membentuk cara merawat lansia. The cultural values held by the family Cultural values and community will shape how the elderly are cared for. Teknologi modern dapat membantu dalam perawatan lansia, seperti Perkembangan teknologi alat bantu berjalan, alat komunikasi, dan telemedicine. Modern technology can assist in elderly care, such as walking aids, Technological developments communication devices, and telemedicine.  Reference Backes EP, Scrimshaw SC, editors. Birth settings in America: Outcomes, quality, access, and choice. Washington (DC): National Academies Press (US); 2020 Feb 6. 2. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK555484/ Maisaraf, BM (2016). The literature study of Korean herbal medicine and tradition for postpartum beliefs and practices. https://archive.unesco- ichcap.org/kor/ek/sub9/pdf_file/2016/3.%20Maisaraf%20Binti%20Marman.pdf Aynalem BY, Melesse MF, Bitewa YB. Cultural beliefs and traditional practices during pregnancy, childbirth, and the postpartum period in east Gojjam zone, Northwest Ethiopia: A qualitative study. Womens Health Rep (New Rochelle) 2023 Aug 16;4(1):415-422. doi: 10.1089/whr.2023.0024 Agus, Y., Horiuchi, S. & Porter, S.E. Rural Indonesia women’s traditional beliefs about antenatal care. BMC Res Notes 5, 589 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1186/1756-0500-5-589