Understanding Computers: Chapter 5 PDF

15th Edition Understanding Computers Today and Tomorrow Comprehensive Chapter 5 System Software: Operating Systems and Utility Programs Debor...

15th Edition Understanding Computers Today and Tomorrow Comprehensive Chapter 5 System Software: Operating Systems and Utility Programs Deborah Morley Charles S. Parker Copyright 2015 Cengage Learning  Learning Objectives 1. Understand the difference between system software and application software. 2. Explain the different functions of an operating system and discuss some ways that operating systems enhance processing efficiency. 3. List several ways in which operating systems differ from one another. 4. Name today’s most widely used operating systems for personal computers and servers. Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 15th Edition 2  Learning Objectives 5. State several devices other than personal computers and servers that require an operating system and list one possible operating system for each type of device. 6. Discuss the role of utility programs and outline several tasks that these programs perform. 7. Describe what the operating systems of the future might be like. Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 15th Edition 3  Overview This chapter covers: – Differences between system software and application software – Functions of and general differences between operating systems – Specific operating systems most widely used today – Functions of and various types of utility programs – A look at future of operating systems Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 15th Edition 4  System Software vs. Application Software System Software – The operating system and utility programs that control a computer system and allow you to use your computer Enables the boot process, launches applications, transfers files, controls hardware configuration, manages files on the hard drive, and protects from unauthorized use Application Software – Programs that allow a user to perform specific tasks on a computer Word processing, playing games, browsing the Web, listening to music, etc. Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 15th Edition 5  The Operating System Operating System – A collection of programs that manage and coordinate the activities taking place within a computer – Acts as an intermediary between the user and the computer and between the application programs and system hardware Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 15th Edition 6  Functions of an Operating System Interfacing with Users (typically via a GUI) Booting the Computer – Loads essential part of operating system (kernel) into memory – Reads opening batch of instructions – Determines hardware connected to computer Configuring Devices – Device drivers are often needed; can be reinstalled if needed – Plug and Play devices are recognized automatically Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 15th Edition 7  Interfacing with Users Command Line Interface – Require users to input commands using the keyboard Graphical User Interface – Graphics based interface – Used by most operating systems Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 15th Edition 8  Functions of an Operating System Managing Network Connections – Manages wired connections to home or office network – Manages wireless connections at home, school, work, or on the go Managing and Monitoring Resources and Jobs – Makes resources available to devices and programs – Monitors for problems and attempts to correct those that arise – Schedules jobs Jobs to be printed Files to be retrieved from hard drive Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 15th Edition 9  Functions of an Operating System File Management – Keeps track of stored files on computer so they can be retrieved when needed Files usually viewed in a hierarchical format Windows supports filenames that are from 1 to 260 characters – Any character except \ / : * ? “ < > and | Security – Passwords – Biometric characteristics – Firewalls Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 15th Edition 10  Functions of an Operating System Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 15th Edition 11  Processing Techniques for Increased Efficiency Multitasking – The ability of an operating system to have more than one program (task) open at one time CPU rotates between tasks Switching is done quickly Appears as though all programs executing at the same time Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 15th Edition 12  Processing Techniques for Increased Efficiency Multithreading – The ability to rotate between multiple threads so that processing is completed faster and more efficiently – Thread Sequence of instructions within a program that is independent of other thread Multiprocessing and Parallel Processing – Multiple processors (or multiple cores) are used in one computer system to perform work more efficiently – Tasks are performed sequentially Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 15th Edition 13  Processing Techniques for Increased Efficiency Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 15th Edition 14  Processing Techniques for Increased Efficiency Memory Management – Optimizing the use of main memory (RAM) – Virtual memory Memory-management technique that uses hard drive space as additional RAM Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 15th Edition 15  Differences Among Operating Systems The Types of Processors Supported – Desktop, mobile, server processors – 32-bit or 64-bit CPUs Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 15th Edition 16  Differences Among Operating Systems Categories of Operating Systems – Personal (Desktop) Operating Systems Designed to be installed on a single computer – Server (Network) Operating Systems Designed to be installed on a network server Client computers still use a personal operating system Server operating system controls access to network resources – Mobile and embedded operating systems are also common Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 15th Edition 17  Differences Among Operating Systems Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 15th Edition 18  Quick Quiz 1. Which of the following processing techniques allows a computer to work with more than one program at a time? a. Parallel processing b. Virtual memory c. Multitasking 2. True or False: Most operating systems today use a command line interface. 3. __________ is the task included with operating systems that allows to you keep track of the files stored on a PC. Answers: 1) c; 2) False; 3) File management Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 15th Edition 19  Operating Systems for Personal Computers and Servers DOS (Disk Operating System) – DOS traditionally used a command-line interface – Dominant operating system in the 1980s and early 1990s – PC-DOS Created originally for IBM microcomputers – MS-DOS Created for use with IBM-compatible computers – Can enter DOS commands in Windows Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 15th Edition 20  DOS Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 15th Edition 21  Windows Windows – The predominant personal operating system developed by Microsoft Corporation – Windows 1.0 through Windows Vista Windows 1.0 released in 1985 – Windows 1.0 through Windows 3.x were operating environments for DOS Windows 95, Windows 98, and Windows ME Designed for personal computers Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 15th Edition 22  Windows Windows NT (New Technology) – First 32-bit version of Windows designed for high- end workstations and servers – Replaced by Windows 2000 Windows XP – Replaced both Windows 2000 and Windows Me Windows Vista – Replaced Windows XP – Introduced the Aero interface and Sidebar feature Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 15th Edition 23  Windows – Windows 7 Released in late 2009 Home Premium (primary version for home users) Professional (primary version for businesses) Libraries feature gives you virtual folders – Windows 8 Designed to be used with smartphones, desktop computers, with or without a keyboard or mouse Supports multi-touch input Includes Start screen, tiles, and charms bar Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 15th Edition 24  Windows – Windows 10 Released in July 2015 An operating system for desktop PCs, laptops, tablets, phones, and other connected device Current version of Windows more security, a new browser, the Cortana assistant, its own version of Office for on-the-go editing Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 15th Edition 25  Windows Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 15th Edition 26  Windows – Windows Server The version of Windows designed for server use – Windows Server 2016 is the latest version – Supports both virtualization and cloud computing – Windows Home Server Preinstalled on home server devices Designed to provide services for a home network Can be set up to back up all devices in the home on a regular basis Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 15th Edition 27  Summary System Software vs. Application Software The Operating System Operating Systems for Personal Computers and Servers Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 15th Edition 28