Islam Class 9 (E. Version) PDF

Chapter Three Let’s Learn Quran and Hadith Allah the Almighty created man for His worship. This worship must be performed in the way prescribed by Islamic law. And the first source of this Islamic law is this A...

Chapter Three Let’s Learn Quran and Hadith Allah the Almighty created man for His worship. This worship must be performed in the way prescribed by Islamic law. And the first source of this Islamic law is this Al-Quran. Another name of this book is Furqan. Since this divine book distinguishes between right and wrong, it is called Furqan. Every word of Quran is given by Allah. One must have full trust and faith in Allah while reading and understanding the Quran. Following the path indicated by the Qur'an is the only way to obtain Allah's mercy. Quran is the reservoir of worldly and supernatural knowledge of man. Therefore reading and understanding the Quran is the absolute duty of the servant. The life of Rasulullah (SAW) is the Sunnah which is the second source of Islamic law. The instructions of the Qur'an are followed correctly if one follows what Rasulullah said, what he did, and how he led his life. It is impossible to follow Quran without Sunnah or Hadith. Let us try to know in detail about Al Quran and Al Hadith as sources of Sharia. Information Inquiry about the Holy Quran and Hadith (Dear students, you collect various information about the Holy Quran and Hadith through religious books, online sources or through discussion with family members, religiously knowledgeable people, classmates. Write Academic Year 2024 down your collected information in the notebook) 66  Islamic Studies Introduction to the Holy Quran Al-Quran, the wonderful book of the universe, is the last heavenly book revealed by Allah Ta'ala. The word Quran is derived from (qiratun)which means studying or reciting. According to Arabic grammar, it is used in the sense of reading, that is- what is read, the read book. But according to some, the word Qur’an is derived from (Qarnun) which means combined. Literally, the Qur'an is the word of Allah the Almighty, which was revealed to Muhammad (peace be upon him) continuously for 23 years. The Holy Quran was revealed in Arabic language. The first five verses of Surah Al-Alaq were revealed from Allah's side. There are a total of 114 Surahs in the Quran. Apart from this, there are 7 manzils and 30 parts in the Quran. There are 540 rukus and 14 sijdah. Except for Surah Tawba, every Surah has a mention of the phrase 'Bismillahir Rahmanir Rahim' at the beginning. The total number of verses is about 6,236 in contrast to 6,666. The appeal and usefulness of this universal book has been effective in all ages and places. One of the characteristics of the Quran is that this book was revealed in two stages. First, the complete Qur'an was revealed from Laohe Mahfuz in the first heaven 'Baitul Izzat' and in the second stage it was gradually revealed during the 23 years of Prophethood of Rasulullah (peace be upon him) on the occasion of various events and reasons and in response to various questions. The Surahs of the Qur'an are arranged in order from the largest to the smallest as determined by Allah Ta'ala. But in this case continuity of revelation was not followed. In the early stages when the ohi(verses of the holy Quran) was revealed, Rasulullah (peace be upon him) used to recite it repeatedly so that he could memorize it. He also instructed the companions to memorize. Since the Qur'an was not revealed all at once, rather it was revealed little by little at different times according to need, so it was not possible to write it down and save it together in a book during the era of Rasulullah (peace be upon him). That is why importance was given on memorizing the Quran. Among the heavenly books, Allah Ta'ala has given Al-Qur'an the privilege of preserving it in the memory of an innumerable number of hafez of Quran than (preserving it on) pen and paper. Academic Year 2024 Ohi The word Ohi is Arabic. It means to tell something secretly. Apart from this, the word is also used to mean indicating, writing and hiding. In the terminology of Islamic Shari'ah, the words revealed to the Prophets by Allah Ta'ala are called ohi. 67  Let’s Learn Quran and Hadith Types of Ohi There are two types of ohi. Namely: 1. Ohi Matlu (Al Quran) 2. Ohi Ghairi Matlu (Al Hadith) 1. Ohi Matlu: Matlu means recited, that is recited. If the sense, language, meaning, and format of the ohi are all from Allah the Almighty and the Holy Prophet (peace be upon him)expresses it in the words of Allah, it is called Ohi Matlu. It is called 'Ohi Joli' or Direct Ohi. Al-Qur'an is called Ohi Matlu since it is recited in Salah. 2. Ohi Ghairi Matlu: Ghairi Matlu means unread. The ohi the sense of which comes from Almighty Allah but the Prophet (peace be upon him) has described it in his own language is called the Ohi Ghairi Matlu. It is also called ‘Ohi Khafi’ or Hidden Ohi. The hadith of Rasulullah (SAW) is an example of this type of ohi. As it is not recited in Salah, it is called unrecited Ohi. In various places in the Quran, the first type of ohi is called 'Kitab' or book and the second type of ohi is called 'Hikmah' or wisdom. Allah the Almighty says 'Allah has indeed favoured the believers in that He has sent to them the Messenger of Allah from among themselves, who recites His versesto them, purifies them and teaches them the Book and Wisdom, although they were previously in clear confusion. '(Surah Al-Imran, verse: 164) The second type of ohi is separately compiled and preserved under the name of 'Hadith' or 'Sunnah'. Methods of Ohi Revelation The source of Al-Qur'an is Ohi. Ohi was revealed to the Holy Prophet (peace be upon him) in various ways. It is popularly believed that ohi was revealed to the Holy Prophet (peace be upon him) in seven ways, which are discussed below. 1. Like the sound of a bell: This is the first method of the revelation of ohi. It was revealed to the Prophet most of the time in this manner. Before the revelation of ohi, there was a bell-like sound without interruption. The Prophet (peace be upon him) used to listen to it with his own ears. At that time, Rasulullah (peace be upon him) used to sweat even during severe winter. If he was mounted, even a strong camel would not be able to bear this weight and would sit down. This Academic Year 2024 method of revelation was most difficult for Rasulullah (peace be upon him). 2. Arrival of angels in human form: Hazrat Jibraeel (AS) sometimes came in the form of a human being. Most of the times, Jibraeel (AS) used to come in the form of the distinguished companion Hazrat Dahiyatul Kalbi (RA). In this way it was relatively easy for the Prophet (peace be upon him). It is narrated in the hadith- 68  Islamic Studies Meaning: And sometimes angels took human form for me. (Bukhari) 3. Arrival of Jibraeel (AS) in his own form: Sometimes Hazrat Jibraeel (AS) used to come directly to Rasulullah (SAW) in his own form without assuming any other form. Such an incident happened three times in the life of Rasulullah (SAW). For the first time, he came to the cave Hera with the first ohi of the Quran. The second time was at the night of Mi'raj; the third time he came in his own form as the Prophet (peace be upon him) wished to see Jibraeel (PBUH) in his original form. 4. Arrival of ohi in True Dream: Revelation of ohi to the Prophet began with true dreams. What he dreamt in his dreams before the revelation of the Qur'an was ohi. Hazrat Ayesha Siddiqa (RA) said, "The beginning of ohi to Rasulullah (SAW) began with a true dream in his sleep. Whenever he had a dream, it was reflected in reality like morning light.' 5. Direct conversation with Allah Ta'ala: There was another method of ohi and that was direct conversation with Allah without any medium. This method is called Kalame Ilahi. At the night of Mi'raj, the Holy Prophet (peace be upon him) spoke directly to Almighty Allah. It is at this time that five times Salah has been made obligatory for the Ummah of Muhammad. 6. Pouring ohi directly into the heart: Hazrat Jibraeel (AS) used to blow the words of Allah directly into the heart of Rasulullah (SAW) without coming forward. In a hadith, the Holy Prophet (peace be upon him) himself said, 'Hazrat Jibraeel (AS) blew ohi in my mind.' 7. Transmission of ohi through Hazrat Israfil (AS): Sometimes Allah Ta'ala used to send ohi to the Holy Prophet (SAW) through Hazrat Israfil (AS). Importance of Ohi It is obligatory to have faith in ohi. Disbelief or doubt in it is kufr. Ohi brings the message of peace and welfare to mankind in this life and the hereafter. It facilitates the path of good for the receiver of this message. And for those who disbelieve or Academic Year 2024 neglectohi, there is a severe punishment. Innumerable prophets and messengers have come from Adam (AS) to Muhammad (SAW). It is necessary to have faith in ohi as well as to have faith in the Prophets. In the eyes of Islam, it is part of Iman to accept ohi of earlier prophets like the last and greatest Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) as truth. 69  Let’s Learn Quran and Hadith Miracle of Al Quran Allah Ta'ala has sent numerous Prophets and Rasuls with miracles throughout the ages to guide mankind to the right path and to reveal His special powers. Mu'jiza is an Arabic wordwhich means - miraculous or special power, to disable others. The great book Al-Qur'an is the greatest miracle of Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him). Every Prophet's tribe has its miracles in proportion. Sorcery was widely practiced among the Pharaoh community. So Allah sent Musa (AS) with a stick, which swallowed all the snake-like sticks of magicians. The magicians were surprised by this. They believed that what Moses (AS) brought was true; not magic. During the era of Prophet Jesus (AS), when the science of medicine made great progress, Allah sent him with such miracles that the doctors of that time were amazed. He used to revive the dead by Allah's will and cure complicated and difficult diseases. For example, he used to heal the born-blind and the leper, and if he made a bird out of clay and blew on it in the name of Allah, it would become a bird. In this, the conscience of the doctors accepted that these are from Allah Ta'ala. Allah Ta'ala sent the last and greatest Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) to the Arab nation. The Arabs were proficient in pure Arabic. Through the practice of Arabic language, theyreached the top of the language,delivered speeches with eloquence and high literary standards. They used to compete in various aspects of language practice as in the present era and gave special honours and rewards to the winners. At this time, Allah Ta'ala revealed to Muhammad (peace be upon him) the best Arabic literature, the last heavenly book, Al-Qur'an. Seeing this art of the language of the Qur'an, the infidels and polytheists understood its significance, but started spreading false propaganda to the common people that Muhammad (peace be upon him) is a sorcerer; so if you approach him, he will seduce people through the Qur'an. Even though they spread falsehood to the people, they used to understand the language of the Qur'an, the style of narration, and the structure of sentences, and they used to stay around the house of Rasulullah (SAW) secretly to listen to it in the darkness of the night. Again during the Academic Year 2024 day, they used to preach that we can also compose verses like Quran. In view of their sayings, Allah Ta'ala challenged them and said- 70  Islamic Studies Meaning: And if you are in doubt about the Book that We have revealed to My servant, then produce a Surah like it and call all your supporters besides Allah if you are truthful. But if you do not do so, and surely you will never be able to do so, then fear the fire whose fuel will be men and stones prepared for the disbelievers. (Surah Al Baqarah, Verses 23-24). Allah Ta'ala has challenged humans and jinn to produce a book similar to the Qur'an or a surah similar to a surah of the Qur'an. Challenges of the Quran remain to this day. In the future, unbelievers in Islam will never be able to produce a book similar to the Qur'an or a surah similar to the Qur'an. Allah Ta'ala says, Meaning: Say, O Prophet, if all humans and jinn gather to compose the likes of this Qur'an and they help each other; yet they will never be able to produce a composition similar to it. (Surah Bani Isra'il, verse 88) Since humans could not compose words similar to the Qur'an, it is understood that the Qur'an is an eternal miracle. The miracles of the Holy Qur'an can be proved in various ways- the wording of the Qur'an, texts, giving instructions to the content through rhetorical words, commands and prohibitions, giving news of the most beautiful names and noble qualities of Allah, the news of His angels, news related to the unseen things Academic Year 2024 of the future and the past,news about Resurrection Day, evidences of faith and yakin. In the Holy Qur'an, Allah Ta'ala has she d light on all aspects of science including individual, family, society, state, international, economic, culture. But regrettably, the Muslim nation today is leading oppressed lives being humiliated, degraded and deprived 71  Let’s Learn Quran and Hadith of its rights due to the abandonment of this eternal miracle Al-Qur'an. Although the first command of Al-Qur'an is 'Recite in the name of your Lord', but the strange thing is that its followers want to benefit from it without reading it. Allah Ta'ala has asked to recite the Qur'an, to understand it and to be benefited from it. Everyone should recite the Quran for the guidance of mankind, to open the doors of knowledge and science. Panel Discussion ‘Al-Qur'an is the best book in the world’ ‘How can I/we practice the guidance of the Qur’an-Hadith’ (In the light of the mentioned titles, you should discuss and present in a panel or group according to the teacher's instructions.) Al Quran as a Source of Knowledge Al-Quran is a treasure of knowledge. Those who obey the Quran and those who do not obey, all have taken light from the various directions of the Quran. Al-Quran is the main source of modern knowledge and science. No other scripture has this feature. It includes embryology, anatomy, biology, zoology, botany, oceanography, geological science, physical science, astronomy, social science, linguistics, and military science. There are also various branches of life and interdisciplinary sciences. According to this, every verse of the Quran carries science. Almighty Allah says, ‘By the Quran, rich in wisdom!’ (Surah Yasin, verse: 2).Since the Qur'an is the source of all science, the importance of the holy Quran is here emphasized through swearing by the scientific Qur'an. By practicing science from the Quran, Muslims were the pioneers of science in the world for several centuries. Then the political decline of Baghdad and Spain led to the decline of science, and following the science left by them, materialistic Europe today has ascended to the pinnacle of progress. Dear students, let's discuss some examples of Al-Qur'an as a source of knowledge. Embryology At the root of embryology, the ohi of Allah is, 'Recite, in the name of your Lord, Who created. He created human beings from clotted blood. (Surah Alaq, verses: 1-2) The Academic Year 2024 word 'Alaq' means clotted blood. Another meaning is a sticky substance that sticks firmly. For example, leeches bite and stick. Thus much unknown knowledge about embryology is available in the Qur'an. 72  Islamic Studies The Secret of Human Creation Referring to the theory given by Allah Ta'ala in the creation of man, it is declared in verses 5-7 of Surah Tariq of the Qur'an- 'So man should think from what material he was created. He was created from the water that had just flowed outwhich comes out from the middle of the spine and chest ribs. The Secret of Creation of all Creatures In this regard, scientists say that the animal world originated from water. But the Qur'an has already said- Meaning: We created all living things from water. Yet they will not believe? (Surah Ambiya, verse: 30). Sources and Assumptionsof Anthropology The sources and assumptions of the human sciences are always proven wrong. As scientists say, ‘Science gives us but a partial knowledge of reality.’ They start working only on assumptions. They say, 'We only see some outward appearance, not the real thing', just as people see smoke and look for fire. But the Qur'an as the ohi of Allah is the source of sciencewhere there is no room for error. As Almighty Allah says- Meaning: It cannot be proven false from any angle, front or back. It is a revelation from the One Who is All-Wise, Praiseworthy. (Surah Hamim Sajdah, Verses: 42). The Secret of Creation of the World About the creation of the universe, science says, "Billions of years ago, the universe existed as an integral material. Then there was an explosion at its centre, which is called the Big-Bang. As a result of that big bang, our solar system, galaxies, constellations etc. were created and spread everywhere without interruption'. But the Quran provided this Academic Year 2024 information long ago. Allah says: 73  Let’s Learn Quran and Hadith Meaning: Do not the disbelievers realize that the heavens and earth were once one mass, then We split them apart? (Surah Ambiya, verse: 30). The Secret of Creation in Pairs Scientists say that every living thing has two pairs of opposite forces. One of which is positive or proton and the other is negative or electron. Even inanimate matter like electricity has this pairing. However, the Qur'an gave this information long before, "Glory be to the One Who created all ˹things in˺ pairs—˹be it˺ what the earth produces, their genders, or what they do not know!" (Surah Yasin, verse: 36). Life in the Plants Plants have life; the scientist Jagodish Chandra Bose (1858-1937 AD) discovered this just that day. But the Qur'an said this long ago. Allah Ta'ala says, ‘The stars and the trees bow down in submission.’ (Surah Ar-Rahman, verse 6). Stones and trees bowed down in honour of Rasulullah (SAW). All these bear the evidence of the life of the plant. Existence of Life in the Heavens and the Earths The Qur’an has revealed such amazing information which the scientists have not been able to prove even today. And that is, the heavens and the earth have life and intelligence. Even they always praise Allah. As Allah says, ‘Then He turned towards the heaven when it was still like smoke, saying to it and to the earth, ‘Submit, willingly or unwillingly.’ They both responded, ‘We submit willingly.’ (Surah Ha-Meem Sajdah, verse: 11). The Qur’an has no conflict with the theory of modern science; the more scientific discoveries are made, the sooner the Qur’an will be realized as the source of science. The new generation can be given inspiration, courage and proper knowledge of technology to raise children like world famous Islamic personalities of this era like Jabir Ibn Hayyan, Ibn Sina, Musa Al Khawarizmi, Al-Razi. May Allah Ta’ala grant us the good fortune of contributing to knowledge for the welfare of the Muslim Ummah! Amen Single Activity Academic Year 2024 Create VP cards or posters citing arguments or sayings (verses) in favour of Al-Quran as a source of knowledge. 74  Islamic Studies Tazweed Recitation of Quran Majeed is the best worship. Whoever recites one letter of the Qur'an will receive ten good deeds. Readers and teachers of the Quran are the best human beings. The parents of the reciter of the Qur'an are also honoured and dignified. The Holy Prophet (peace be upon him) said, "Whoever reads the Qur'an and acts according to it, his parents will be crowned on the Day of Resurrection." The brightness of this crown will be more than the light of the sun. The Qur'an will recommend for its reciter in the court of Almighty Allah on the difficult Day of Judgment. Allah Ta'ala will accept this recommendation. In order to achieve this virtue of reciting the Qur'an, one must recite the Qur'an correctly. And for this it is important to acquire the knowledge of Tazweed. Tazweed means to make beautiful or good. Tazweed is the name of pure recitation of each letter of the Quran by pronouncing it from its own Makhraj according to its characteristics. Places of pronunciation of Arabic letters are called Makhraj. That is, the place from which the letter is pronounced is called the Makhraj of the letter. Arabic has 29 letters with a total of 17 Makhraj. Arabic letters have different styles of pronunciations. For example, breath continues while pronouncing a letter and breathstops while pronouncing another letter. Some letters are pronounced softly and some letters are hard to pronounce. Such different qualities of the letters are called Sifat. Therefore, it can be said that recitation of each letter of the Qur'an correctly according to its Makhraj and quality is called Tazweed. It is obligatory to recite the Quran with Tazweed. Not reciting the Qur'an according to Tazweedoften changes the meaning, making the reciter guilty. His prayer is not correctly offered. Almighty Allah has ordered the recitation of the Qur'an purely and slowly. He said: Academic Year 2024 Meaning: 'You recite the Qur'an slowly and clearly.' (Surah Al-Muzzammil, Verse: 4) Reciting the Quran with Tazweed is a very important act of worship. So we will recite the Quran with Tazweed. I will know the rules of Tazweed well. 75  Let’s Learn Quran and Hadith In the previous classes you have learned several rules of Tazweed. In continuation to that, in this class, the rules of Gunnah, Qalqalah, the rules of reading the letter‘Lam’ of the word Allah and the rules of reading the letter ‘Ra’ will be discussed. Pair Works/Activities "Revision of Previous Class (6th-8th) Tazweed" (Dear students, discuss and present in pairs what you have learned about Tazweed in the previous class as per the teacher's instructions.) Gunnah Gunnah is a special rule of reciting Qur'an Majid correctly. Gunnah means to utter through the nose. Gunnah is to pronounce the sounds of the Arabic letters with the nasal flute. The amount of Gunnah is one Alif. The time taken to close a straight or erect finger at medium speed is considered one Alif time. There are four types of Gunnah. Namely:- 1. Qalab Gunnah 2. Idgam-e-ba Gunnah 3. Ikhfa Gunnah and 4. Wajib Gunnah. 1. Qalab Gunnah If the letter ( ) ba is placedafter Nun Sakin and Tanvin, the said Nun Sakin and Tanvin should be replaced by Mim and read with Gunnah. This is called Qalab Gunnah. For example: Example of Nun Sakin Example of Tanbin Here after Nun Sakin comes Here after Tanbin comes Academic Year 2024 2. Ikhfa Gunnah Ikhfa means to conceal, to obscure. If any one of the fifteen letters specified for Ikhfa is placed after Nun Sakin and Tanvin,the said Nun Sakin and Tanvin is recited with 76  Islamic Studies Gunnah by concealing it in the nose. This is called Ikhfa Gunnah. For example, Example of Nun Sakin Example of Tanbin Here after Nun Sakin comes Here after Tanbin comes Also 'Ba' after Meem Sakin The font is actually read by the said Meem Sakin with Gunnah. It is called Ikhfa Gunnah by Meem Sakin. For example- 3. Idgam-e-ba Gunnah The meaning of the word Idgam is to combine or connect. (Ya, Waw, Meem, Nun) If any of these four letters comes after Nun Sakin and Tanvin at the beginning of a different word, the said letter with Nun Sakin or Tanvin should be read with Gunnah in combination with the first letter of the next word. This is called Idgam-e-ba Gunnah. For example- Example of Nun Sakin Example of Tanbin Here after Nun Sakin comes Here after Tanbin comes 4. Wajib Gunnah Academic Year 2024 If there is Tashdid ‫ ن – م‬on the two letters ( ) (Meem and Nun), then these two must be recited together with Gunnah. This is called Wajib Gunnah. For instance: 77  Let’s Learn Quran and Hadith Activity: The students will practice whether they can perform their Gunnah correctly or not in front of the teacher in the class room. Pronunciation rules of the Letter ‘Lam’ of the Word Allah There are two ways of pronouncing the letter ‘Lam’ of the word (Allah). 1. If the letter ‘Lam’ of the word (Allah) is preceded by a jabar or a pesh, the said Lam should be recited with a full mouth/heavy manner. For example- 2. If the letter ‘Lam’ of the word is preceded by a jer, then the said Lam should be recited in empty-mouthed/in a light manner. For example- Except for the word Allah, all the words that contain Lam should be read in empty- mouthed/in a light manner. For example- Students will find more examples of reciting Lam of the word Allahother than the ones available in the book. Rules of Reciting the letter Ra There are two rules for reciting the letter Ra. Namely: 1. por/heavy manner/full-mouthed 2. barik/light manner/empty-mouthed. In the following situations, the letter Ra should be read as por/heavy manner. 1. If there is jabar or pesh on the letter Ra , it should be read heavily /with a full mouth. For example: 2. If the letter Ra is with sakin and there is a jabar or pesh on the letter before Academic Year 2024 it, it should be read in heavy manner. For example: 3. If the letter Ra is with sakin andthere is a temporary jer under the letter before it, it should be read heavily. And the letter which was previously with sakin but has been given temporary jer to match with other words is called temporary jer. For example- 78  Islamic Studies 4. If the letter Ra is with sakin andthere is a jer under the letter before it and there is a letter ofIsti’laafter it, then the said Ra is pronounced with a full mouth. For example- Isti’la has seven letters. Namely: These are called- 5 If waqf is made on the letter Ra and there is a letter with sakin before it other than Ya , and the preceding letter of the one with sakin is with Jabar or Pesh, then Ra should be read heavily/Por. For example: In the following situations, the letter Ra should be read in light manner. (1) If there is jer under the letter Ra , it should be read in light manner. For example: (2) If the letter Ra is with sakin and there is a permanent jer under the letter before it, it should be read with empty mouth. For example: (3) If Ya is with sakin before Ra when making waqf onit, the said Ra should be recited in a light manner. For example: 4. At the time of making waqf on Ra letter, if any letter other than Ya is with sakin and that sakin letter is preceded by a letter with jer, then the said Ra should be recited lightly. For example:- Activity: Students will practice the rules of reading letter ‘Ra’ in groups with examples. Description Qalqalah Qalqalah means echo. The letters of Qalqalah are 5. Namely:. To remember, these are collectively called - When there is sakin or waqf in these five letters, they should be pronounced with Qalqalah. That is, the echo-like sound that stops and returns again is usually called Qalqalah. Just as when a solid object is thrown on a solid ground and it returns with a sound, similarly, the letter of Qalqalah is called Qalqalah when the sound is stopped and re-pronounced like an echo from a certain Makhraj. If the letter of Qalqalah in the middle of the word is with sakin, there is a slight wobble, then it should be read like a jabar. Example: Academic Year 2024 If the letters of Qalqlah are in waqf state, then full Qalqla has to be done and they are recitedsomewhat like jabar so that the full extent of jabar is not revealed. For example: Activity: Students will find more examples of Qalqalah other than those given in the book. 79  Let’s Learn Quran and Hadith Homework You will practice/rehearse the Surahs prescribed in the text book correctly at home according to Tazweed. (In this case, you can inform your family members about the tazweed rules. Some Surahs of Al Quran with Meaning and Background Surah Al-Fil Surah Fil is the 105th Surah of the Holy Quran. It was revealed in Makkah. The surah has five verses. Fil means elephant. In this Surah, the events of the elephant army are briefly described. They marched to Makkah with an army of elephants to destroy the Kaaba. Allah Ta’ala destroys their army by small birds and turns them into dust. The surah describes the tragic fate of the army of elephants, hence it is named Surah Fil. Shane Nuzul Junwas was the king of Yemen. He was Jewish. He used to torture Christians unspeakably. They were forced to convert to Judaism. He even burned copies of the Bible. Then the king of Rome requested the king of Abyssinia, Najjashi, to take action against Junuwas. Najjashi then sent Abraha with a large army against Junuwas. Abraha destroyed Junuwas and seized power in Yemen. Abraha, the Ruler of Yemen, saw the people of Arabs, Yemen and other countries coming to the Kaaba in Makkah to make tawaf around the Kaaba, honouring and worshiping it. So he started a conspiracy to reduce people’s devotion to the Kaaba, to prevent the people of the world from approaching the Kaaba. He then built a beautiful and bejewelled church in San’a, the capital of Yemen. He ordered people to attend this church and urged them not to go to Kaaba Sharif in Mecca. But his hundred attempts and initiatives failed. No one agreed to go to his church. He then became furious. In the meantime, an Arab man secretly entered the church and defecated there. Then somebody set it on fire. After that Abraha, in anger and rage, launched an expedition with a huge army of elephants in 570 AD to destroy the Kaaba. In this army there Academic Year 2024 were huge soldiers and thirteen huge powerful elephants. Any tribe of Arabs who tried to stop him on his way, he destroyed them and advanced. The Quraysh leader Abdul Muttalib, the grandfather of the Holy Prophet (peace be upon him), was in charge of the maintenance of the Kaaba at that time. Abraha’s soldiers took away the camels of the people of Makkah. Among these were two hundred camels of Abdul Muttalib. 80  Islamic Studies Abdul Muttalib met Abraha and said, “Your army has seized our camels, arrange to return them.” Abraha was surprised by this. He said,“I am coming to destroy your Kaaba but you are talking about your camels without saying anything about it.” Then Abdul Muttalib said, ‘I am the owner of the camel, so I am talking about the camel and the owner of the Kaaba is Allah the Almighty; He will surely protect it.’ Hearing this, Abraha remained silent for a while and ordered to return the camels. Abdul Muttalib asked the Quraysh to take refuge in the mountains. All took shelter in the nearby hills. The next morning Abraha came forward with his army to destroy the Kaaba. But due to the power of Almighty Allah, the elephants could not move forward. At this time, Allah the Almighty sent flocks of very small birds of green and yellow colour from the direction of the sea. They brought two small pebbles on their feet and one on their lips and threw them at Abrahar’s army. As a result, Abraha’s army was destroyed in no time. And Abraha escaped wounded. All over his body were bruised like the marks of pox. His body began to rot, and blood and pus were oozing. He died after suffering a lot. This is how Almighty Allah protects His house from Abraha’s plan of destruction. Allah revealed this special event to the world by revealing Surah Fil. Word Meaning: Word Meaning Word Meaning Haven’t you seen? He sends How? Birds Companions, Associates, Ababil, a kind of small Lord, Master bird which flies in flocks Elephant Stones Didn’t He do? Pebbles, small stones Conspiracy, secret plot, Grass, straw Academic Year 2024 stratagem Failure, fail Eaten, that has been eaten. 81  Let’s Learn Quran and Hadith Translation In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful 1. Have you not seen how your Lord dealt with the owners of the elephant? 2. Did He not make their plot go astray? 3. And sent against them birds, in flocks, 4. Striking them with stones of Sijjil (baked clay) 5. And He made them like (an empty filed of) stalks (of which the corn has been eaten up by cattle). Explanation In this surah, the historical event of the unsuccessful attempt to destroy the Kaaba by King Abraha of Yemen has been described. This is a wonderful sign of Allah’s power and wisdom. The incident happened fifty days before the birth of the Holy Prophet (peace be upon him). Abraha was the owner of a lot of wealth and army. He had a huge army of elephants. But compared to the power and power of Almighty Allah, these wealth and military-vassals are very insignificant and unimportant. Allah Ta’ala is the Mighty and Almighty. He can do whatever He wants. He can humiliate and chasten whomever he wants. Abraha showed arrogance of power. He was at enmity with Allah out of pride and arrogance. Almighty Allah destroyed him with a kind of small bird. This incident shows that those who disobey Allah and are at enmity with Islam will be destroyed by Allah in this world. Allah set a great example of this by destroying Abraha, the king of Yemen, along with his soldiers and elephants in a moment. No power in the world can save any individual, society, nation,who will make an attempt to Academic Year 2024 harm Islam, from Allah’s punishment. Not only in this world, but also in the Hereafter, they will not be spared from the terrible punishment of Almighty Allah. 82  Islamic Studies Teachings: The lessons we get from this Surah are- 1. The Kaaba is the House of Allah the Almighty, and He will preserve it. No power in the world will dare to destroy it. 2. Almighty Allah’s power and supremacy are infinite. No power on earth can withstand Him. 3. He will punish those who disobey Allah the Almighty. 4. Disobedient and unfaithful people will be punished not only in the Hereafter but also in this world. 5. All the strategies and conspiracies of the kafir and polytheists against Islam are foiled by Almighty Allah because He is the best strategist. Surah Al-Qadr Surah Al-Qadr is a significant Surah of the Holy Quran. It was revealed in the holy Makkah. This is the 97th Surah of the Quran. It has five verses. It describes the importance and virtues of Lailatul Qadr. The worship of this night is better than the worship of a thousand months. It is named after the word Lailatul Qadr mentioned in the first verse of this Surah. Shane Nuzul The purpose of revelation of this surah is to explain the excellence, greatness and importance of the Quran. It is narrated from Ibn Abi Hatim that Rasulullah (SAW) once discussed about a Mujahid from Bani Israel. He was engaged in Jihad in the way of Allah uninterruptedly for a thousand months and never laid down his arms. When the Companions were surprised to hear this, Surah Qadr was revealed then. It has been declared that only one night of worship for the Ummah of Muhammadan is better than a thousand months of worship for that Mujahid. Ibn Jarir (RA) mentions another incident regarding Shane Nuzul of this Surah: A man from Bani Israel used to spend the whole night in worship. And he used to go out for Jihad in the way of Allah in the morning and used to engage in Jihad all day long. He thus spent a thousand months in the worship of Allah. Then the Companions were surprised and thought that our life is very short while the previous Ummah used to live for a long time. They used to get more opportunities to worship. As a result, we will never Academic Year 2024 be equal to them in the reward of worship. In view of such regrets of the Companions, Almighty Allah announced the superiority of this Ummah by revealing Surah Qadr. The Companions were astonished to hear about the worship of the Ummah of Bani Israel. Almighty Allah has given them something better than this through this surah. 83  Let’s Learn Quran and Hadith Word Meaning: Word Meaning Word Meaning Certainly me Month I have revealed it. is revealed, descends Night Angels Dignity, great Soul, but Hazrat Jibraeel (AS) is meant here And do you know? Permission, approval What? Till, until Night of greatness/ dignity Peace Best, greatest Advent, emergence Thousand Dawn, time of Fazr Translation In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful 1. Verily, we have sent it (this Quran) down in the night of Al-Qadr (Decree). Academic Year 2024 2. And what will make you know what the night of Al-Qadr (Decree) is? 3. The night of Al-Qadr (Decree) is better than a thousand months 84  Islamic Studies 4. Therein descend the angels and the Ruh (Jibraeel) by Allah’s permission will all Decrees. 5. (All that night), there is Peace (and Goodness from Allah to His slaves) until the appearance of dawn. Explanation In this surah, the revelation of the Qur’an and the greatness of that night are described. The Quran was revealed in Lailatul Qadr. The meaning of the revelation of the Qur’an on Lailatul Qadr is that all the Qur’an was revealed together on this night. The complete Qur’an was first revealed from Laohe Mahfuz to a place in the first heaven called Bait al-Izzah. Lailatul Qadr is a very glorious night. The status of this night is more than a thousand months. This one night of worship is better than eighty-three years and four months of worship. On this night, Hazrat Jibraeel (AS) along with other angels descend on earth with the message of mercy, blessings and peace by the permission of Almighty Allah. In this night, there is complete peace till the moment before dawn. Teachings What we learn from this Surah: 1. Quran Majid is the kalam or words of Almighty Allah. He revealed it in Laylatul Qadr. 2. Lailatul Qadr is a very significant night. However, the Hadiths indicate that Lailatul Qadr is any odd night in the last ten days of Ramadan. Again, many of the expert scholars have expressed the opinion that the 27th night of Ramadan is Lailatul Qadr. 3. The worship of this night is better than the worship of a thousand months. 4. On this night, under the leadership of Jibraeel (AS), the angels come to the world with the news of peace and welfare. 5. Peace and mercy are showered on this night till dawn. Academic Year 2024 6. It is because of the revelation of the Qur’an Majeed on Laylatul Qadr that it has become so prestigious. We will celebrate Lailatul Qadr properly with more nafal ibadat. We will not spend even a little time of this night without praying. Only then we will be able to achieve the reward of worship more than a thousand months. 85  Let’s Learn Quran and Hadith Panel or group discussion According to the teachings of Surah Qadr, discuss with the panel or classmates and present according to the teacher’s instructions what we should do on the night of Lailatul Qadr. Surah Ad-Duha Surah Ad-Duha is the 93rd surah of the Holy Quran. It was revealed in Makkah. Its verse number is eleven. The Surah was revealed after Surah Fajr and before Surah Inshirah. The Surah was revealed during the early stage of Makki life of Rasulullah (SAW). Shane Nuzul Hazrat Zayd Ibn Arkam (R.A.) said about the shane nuzul of this surah.During the initial period of revelation, ohi was not sent to Rasulullah (SAW) for some days. The Holy Prophet (peace be upon him) became very worried and upset. The infidels and polytheists of Makkah then began to say, Muhammad’s (peace be upon him) Lord had forsaken him, was displeased with him. Then Allah Ta’ala revealed Surah Ad-Duha. In Sahih Bukhari and Sahih Muslim, another Shane Nuzul of Surah Ad-Duha has been described. Once Jibraeel (AS) did not bring the revelation to Rasulullah (SAW) for a few days. Then Abu Lahab’s wife Umm Jamil (Urwa Binte Harb) came and said to Rasulullah (SAW), “O Muhammad! I think the devil that used to be with you has left you. For two or three nights I did not see him come to you.’ Then Allah revealed this Surah. Word Meaning Word Meaning Word Meaning Oath He will grant you. Forenoon, the first part of the day You will be satisfied. Academic Year 2024 Night Didn’t he get you? When Orphan, urchin, homeless 86  Islamic Studies Word Meaning Word Meaning Darken, being dark Then he gave shelter. He did not forsake; did not He has got. abandon Lord Unaware of the path And he was not dissatisfied, was He showed the path. not displeased Of course Needy, destitute He made rich, he removed Afterlife, hereafter, next time want. Best, good Don’t be harsh. For you Beggar, needy From Don’t repulse. This life, the life of the world, the previous time Contribution, wealth, favour You describe, preach, publish, Very soon convey Translation In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful 1. By the morning sunlight, 2. and the night when it falls still! Academic Year 2024 3. Your Lord ˹O Prophet˺ has not abandoned you, nor has He become hateful ˹of you˺. 87  Let’s Learn Quran and Hadith 4. And the next life is certainly far better for you than this one. 5. And ˹surely˺ your Lord will give so much to you that you will be pleased. 6. Did He not find you as an orphan then sheltered you? 7. Did He not find you unguided then guided you? 8. And did He not find you needy then satisfied your needs? 9. So do not oppress the orphan, 10. nor repulse the beggar. 11. And proclaim the blessings of your Lord. Explanation The Prophets are the chosen people of Allah. They are the most beloved ones of Allah. Allah Ta’ala has bestowed mercy on the Prophets and Rasulullahs from the time of their birth. In this Surah, Almighty Allah has given details of various favours given to our beloved Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him). The Prophet (peace be upon him) was an orphan. His father died before he was born. And mother died when he was six years old. There was no one to nurture him. Almighty Allah has made good arrangements for bringing him up. Allah created immense love for him first in the heart of his grandfather Abdul Muttalib and later uncle Abu Talib. As a result, they brought him up with more care than their own children. Before attaining ohi, he was unware of the rules of Allah the Almighty. He was Academic Year 2024 concerned about reducing the sufferings of the human race and for the salvation of the hereafter. He meditated in the cave of Hera in search of truth. Almighty Allah then gave him prophethood and guided him to the truth and beauty. He gave the light of guidance. He was poor, helpless, destitute and empty-handed. Then Almighty Allah made him 88  Islamic Studies prosperous and rich. He freed him from poverty. It was started by sharing the wealth of Hazrat Khadijah (RA). Later, by the command of Almighty Allah, he married Khadijah (RA) and all her property was dedicated to the Prophet (SAW). In this way Almighty Allah gave many blessings and favours to the Holy Prophet (peace be upon him) in his earthly life. In addition to earthly blessings, Almighty Allah has given the good news of giving Rasulullah (SAW) various blessings in the Hereafter in this Surah. Almighty Allah gave the good news to the Holy Prophet (peace be upon him) that your life hereafter will be many times better than this worldly life. Many times more blessings of what have been given in this world will be given in the Hereafter. Rasulullah (SAW) will be pleased to receive what Almighty Allah will bestow upon him in the Hereafter. And in the light of the hadith, it is known that Rasulullah (SAW) will not be happy until all his ummah is forgiven. Almighty Allah will please Rasulullah (SAW) by forgiving everyone. In this surah, after mentioning the blessings of Allah Ta’ala in this time and the hereafter, Allah instructed him not to be harsh with the orphans and not to reprimand any beggar and abide by the responsibility for expressing gratitude for the blessings given and spreading the word. Teachings: One can learn from this Surah- 1. Allah the Exalted never forsakes His beloved servants nor does He dislike them. 2. No matter how difficult the danger is, He saves them from danger. 3. He made their afterlife many times better and benevolent than the earthly life. 4. Rich people should come forward to alleviate the sufferings of the poor and helpless people. 5. To help beggars and those seeking help as much as possible without bullying or reprimanding them. Because Allah has given the beggars and the needy a share in the wealth of the rich. 6. Orphans should always be treated gently and not bullied. Academic Year 2024 7. Wealth is a special blessing of Allah the Almighty. When He bestows these boons on someone, he should express his gratitude by avoiding miserliness and spread these boons among people. 89  Islamic Studies Explanation These verses describe some of the attributive names of Allah the Almighty. The power and greatness of Almighty Allah has been expressed in the names of all these virtues. There is no Ilah or Ma’bud except Him. He knows what is hidden and unknown to creation. And He also knows what is manifested and known to them. Nothing in this universe is beyond His knowledge. He is Merciful, Most Gracious. His mercy is infinite and endless, pervading the whole world. Everything in the universe receives His bounty and grace. He is the possessor of all power. Everything from the sky to the earth is under his control. As He wills, whatever He wills, so be it. He alone is worthy of worship. Everything in the heavens and the earth glorifies Him and proclaims His holiness. So our duty is to worship Him aloneobeying all His commands and prohibitions. Al-Hadith Dear students! You have learned about hadith in previous classes. You learned there about the identity, types, importance and pure 6 books of hadith. You learned some selected humanitarian and moral virtues and prayerful hadiths related to life. With what you have learned about hadith in seventh and eighth grade, in ninth grade, you will learn about hadith, Sunnah, Asar, Hadith-e-qudsi, Matruk, the identity of Mawzu hadith and importance of hadith. In addition, you will be able to practice in your practical life after knowing the teachings of some selected hadiths and prayerful as well as life-related hadiths. Hadith Hadith is Arabic word. It means talk, speech, discourse, message, matter and news etc. Usually the words, actions, approval and silence of Rasulullah (SAW) are called hadith. Everything that Nabi Karim (peace be upon him) said, everything that he did and everything that he allowed to say or do or endorsed is called Hadith. Sunnah The word Sunnah is synonymous with Hadith. The word Sunnah means way, method, principle and standard of action. The way, methods and practices followed by Academic Year 2024 Rasulullah (SAW) are called Sunnah. In other words, the Sunnah is the ideal preached by Rasulullah (SAW). This Sunnah is justified as the best ideal in the Quran. Asar The word Asar means sign, symbol and remnant of things. The word Asar also 97  Let’s Learn Quran and Hadith sometimes refers to the hadith of Rasulullah (SAW). But many make a distinction between Hadith and Asar. According to them, whatever is quoted from the Companions about the Shari’ah is called Asar. According to some, the words and deeds, support and approval of the Companions and Tabayyin are Asar. Hadith-e-Qudsi The main point of the hadith which Allah Ta’ala directly conveyed to Rasulullah (SAW) through a dream or Ilham and Rasulullah (SAW) narrated it in his own language is called Hadith-e-Qudsi. Matruk The word Matruk literally means forsaken, abandoned and annulled. The Hadith narrated by the Rabi who is weak to all the Muhaddiths is called Matruq. In other words, a hadith narrated by a weak Rabi alone is ‘Matruk’ or abandoned. His hadith is ‘Mardud’ or rejected. Mawzu or fake Hadith: The word Mawzu means fake, concocted, fabricated, fictitious, contrived, lying and misrepresenting the sayings of Muhammad etc. Fabricated and composed sayings about the Prophet (peace be upon him) are called Mawzu hadith. In other words, the Hadith narrated by a Rabi who is proved to have been deliberately uttered falsely in the name of Rasulullah (SAW) in his life is called Mawzu Hadith. In short, what has been said falsely in the name of the Holy Prophet (SAW) is a fake hadith. Ruling on Mawzu or Fake Hadith: Since a fake hadith is not a hadith, it is haram/ prohibited to propagate the said statement as a hadith of Rasulullah (SAW) even after knowing that it is fake and fabricated. However, it is permissible to narrate a fake hadith in order to make people aware of it. Importance of Hadith Hadith is an invaluable resource for Muslims. The second source of Islamic Sharia is the Hadith, one of the foundations of Islamic code of life. The place of Hadith is after Quran. Where the Qur’an presents the principles of the Islamic way of life, the Hadith analyses these principles in detail. Quran is the pillar of light of Islam; Hadith is its scattered light. The Qur’an appealsto follow Allah Ta’ala and Rasulullah (SAW). The Qur’an is a revealed ohi from Allah Almighty. The hadith is unpublished ohi. Because Rasulullah (peace be upon him) himself never said a fabricated thing. He used to inform people about various things after receiving the guidance of Almighty Allah. Allah the Almighty says: Academic Year 2024 Meaning:Nor does he speak of his own whims.It is only a revelation sent down to him. (Surah An-Nazm: 3-4) 98  Islamic Studies In addition to the accurate interpretation of the Quran, the hadiths provide detailed descriptions of the life, actions, sacrifices, ideals, patience, love of humanity, fear of Allah, uncompromising in the path of truth, faithfulness, honesty, prophethood, guidance and advice of the Prophet (peace be upon him). Al-Qur’an describes ‘everything’. Most of them are ‘primary instructions’which are impossible to observe without explanation. The Holy Prophet (peace be upon him) has given the necessary explanations and analyses of the brief instructions. For example, the highest and greatest act of Islam is ‘Salah’. There are instructionsrelated to Salah in many places in the Quran. But the method of prayer is not explained in the Quran. That is, what is ‘Salah’, when it should be performed, when and how many rak’ats should be performed, how each rak’at should be performed, how the Qur’an should be recited in each rak’at, how many rukus are there, how many sajdas/prostrationsare there, how the rukus and sajdas should be performed, etc. Nothing (related to these) is taught in the Quran. Rasulullah (SAW) taught the detailed method of Salah. He said- Meaning: You shall pray as you see me praying. When it is time for prayer, one of you will give the call to prayer. Then whoever is older among you will lead your prayers. (Bukhari) Similarly in the Qur’an there is a command to pay Zakat. But there is no detailed guidance on paying Zakat in the Quran. Rasulullah (SAW) described these rules in detail through hadiths. This is why the importance of hadith like Quran is immense. In short, from the birth of a Muslim to his death, we get detailed guidance on all personal, family, social, economic, political and international issues in the hadith of the Prophet. That is why Allah says- Meaning:Whatever the Messenger gives you, take it. And whatever he forbids you from, leave it. (Surah Hashr, verse 7) Academic Year 2024 Obedience to Rasulullah (peace be upon him) is absolutely necessary to obtain Allah’s forgiveness and love. Because obedience to Rasulullah (peace be upon him) is obedience to Allah. In this context, Almighty Allah says, ‘Say, O Prophet, if you sincerely love Allah, then follow me; Allah will love you and forgive your sins.’ (Surah Al-Imran, verse: 31) 99  Let’s Learn Quran and Hadith Rasulullah (SAW) was the teacher of mankind. We can know the life style of the Holy Prophet (peace be upon him) through the hadith;what was he like, how did he get the Quran, how did he teach it, how did he compile it etc. Therefore, the importance and necessity of hadith in human life is immense. It is not possible to obey the Quran or build an Islamic life without Hadith. Again, denying or doubting the hadith is Kufr. So we will completely follow the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him), the instructions of the Quran based on the hadith. And we will build our life in the light of Hadith. Some Important Hadiths of the Holy Prophet (peace be upon him) Hadith- 1: (Hadith regarding commanding children to pray) Meaning: Instruct your children to pray when they reach seven years of age. (Abu Dawud) Explanation: In this hadith, emphasis is placed on teaching children religion. Family education is of immense importance in determining the course of a child’s life. It is the duty of parents to teach their children to prepare for the Hereafter. Besides worldly education,they must be provided with religious education. Manners and conducts should be taught. Moreover, if he is taught good deeds, he will be fortunate in this world and the hereafter. And if he is used to do evil deeds, or is despised and ignored,then he will be miserable and destroyed. Salah is the most important act of worship after Iman. It is the responsibility of parents to accustom their children to prayer from childhood. Then he will be careful about the Salah in the future. Rasulullah (SAW) called Salah the distinguishing feature between the believer and the unbeliever. Islam has ordered not only for prayer, but also for the establishment of prayer in the family and society. Parents and guardians should also be careful about prayer. Because children learn by watching the adults. Parents will keep the children next to them during the prayer so that they can imitate them. Just giving advice or ideas is not enough. When they will enough understanding, they should be taken to the mosque. At the age of seven, the child should be taught about prayer by hand. The importance of prayer should be Academic Year 2024 highlighted in front of the child. The evils and punishments of not praying should be described. Events related to Salah should be told to them. Then the children will be motivated to pray. Parents should also keep an eye on whether the child is praying properly or not. Laziness in prayer should be brought under accountability. Parents will also pray for the child 100  Islamic Studies to be careful about the prayer. Up to the age of 10, the parents will try to get the child used to prayer through encouragement. After completing 10 years, the child will be instructed to pray. Even then, if they neglect to pray, be harsh to them. The parents will punish them if necessary. May Allah Ta’ala grant us Tawfiq to raise our children as good and ideal human beings. Teachings: 1. The responsibility of parents is to teach their children morals and ethics along with religious education. 2. Parents themselves should be responsible for prayer. 3. Accustoming the child to prayer from 7 years. If they are not used to prayer from childhood, they will lose interest in prayer later. 4. Beating mildly if they neglect to pray even after completing 10 years. Hadith-2 (Hadith about planting trees) Meaning: If a Muslim plants a tree or cultivates a crop, then humans or birds or quadrupeds eat from it, it will be considered as Sadaqah for him. (Tirmidhi) Explanation In this hadith, the Prophet (peace be upon him) emphasizedthe plantation and crop production. The contribution of green trees and crops to human life is immense. It benefits people in various ways. Humans need food, clothing, and shelter to survive. Trees fulfil our needs directly and indirectly. From trees we get food, medicine, clothing, wood, fruits etc. Besides, the role of trees is also important in protecting the environment. The contribution of trees is also undeniable in protecting natural balance, increasing oxygen supply, preventing Academic Year 2024 climate warming, preventing excessive rain, lack of rain etc. Again the tree also gives us financial solvency. Everything from food to medicine is produced by humans through planting and farming. People do this for their own needs, for themselves. That man is the best of creation is proved through plantation and cultivation. 101  Let’s Learn Quran and Hadith Many of us despise the farming profession as petty. But indeed no task is small. All things done honestly are good. There is no shame in plantations either. Rather, it is a deed of great reward. Planting or growing crops is an activity that not only benefits humans but also animals and other creatures. For this, the Holy Prophet (peace be upon him) declared planting trees and growing crops as sadaqah. Teachings: 1. The Holy Prophet (peace be upon him) encouraged us to plant trees. 2. Planting trees and cultivating crops with the expectation of benefiting created beings is a charity. As long as these survive, the reward will continue to be preserved in the person’s record. 3. People get benefitted financially by planting trees. Environment is protected,and rewards are available in the Hereafter. That is why everyone should take care by sowing seeds and planting trees. 4. Sunnah of the Prophet is to plant trees and cultivate crops. 5. Animals and others also have rights in the fruits and crops produced by humans. 6. Medicinal trees or fruit trees are very beneficial to the environment and people. 7. No activity of a believer goes in vain. 8. Helping others is an important teaching of Islam. Hadith-3: (Hadith regarding the importance of determination or intention at the beginning of work) Meaning: Verily all actions (results thereof) are dependent on intention. (Bukhari) Academic Year 2024 Explanation This hadith is the first hadith of Sahih Bukhari. Its significance is very wide. Everything people do in daily life is dependent on intention. The importance of purpose of work is understood by this hadith. Niyat is an Arabic word. Niyat is the will or determination of the mind. In the terminology of Shari’ah, pure intention is to sincerely intend to work 102  Islamic Studies only for the satisfaction of Allah the Almighty. In Islam, the importance of pure intention is very high. It is important to have a pure intention in everything from Salah, Sawm. Even good deeds are worthless if there is no purity of intention. That act will not be acceptable to Allah. Due to a difference in intentions, even after doing good deeds, one must be cast into the fire of hell. In the Hereafter, all the deeds of people will be accounted for. Who has worked with what intention will be looked into on that day. People will get reward if they work for good purpose. If they work with good intentions, they will be rewarded even if they fail. And if they act with evil intentions, they will be punished. For example, those who do social service for the sake of Allah, their social service will also be performed and they will also receive a reward from Allah. And those who do social service with the intention of showing people, their service will be counted as social service only. They will not get any reward from Allah. Because Allah Ta’ala will not look at people’s faces but will look at their hearts. If the intention is not right, even good deeds will be considered as bad. Showing off is called Riya in Islamic terms. Severe punishment is mentioned about Riya. Rasulullah (peace be upon him) narrated this hadith in a special context. And that is - a woman named Umm Qays accepted Islam and migrated to Medina. Then a person migrated to Medina to marry her. After knowing the intention of that person, Rasulullah (SAW) narrated this hadith the main point of which is that migrating for the sake of Allah Ta’ala is a very virtuous act. The man was deprived of the reward of Hijrah because he did not intend to please Allah. So we will do all the work with pure intention. We will not do anything with the hope of show off or worldly gain. Rather, we will work for the satisfaction of Allah Ta’ala and His Messenger. Teachings: 1. All our work should be for the satisfaction of Allah. 2. The outcome of activities is dependent on intention. If the intention is good, you will get a good reward. And if the intention is bad, even if you do good deeds, you will not be rewarded. 3. Allah Ta’ala observes the state of the heart as well as the outward deeds of man. 4. One should avoid worshiping or performing acts of show off. 5. All deeds will be accounted for after death. Academic Year 2024 6. If the intention is bad, even after doing good deeds, you will be punished in the hereafter. 103  Let’s Learn Quran and Hadith Hadith- 4 : (Hadith regarding love for Rasulullah (SAW) Meaning: None of you will be a true believer until I am dearer to him than his father, his children and all people. (Bukhari) Explanation: In this hadith, the importance of love towards Rasulullah (peace be upon him) has been indicated. Love for Rasulullah (SAW) is a condition of being a true believer. Without love for the Prophet (peace be upon him), it is not possible to follow his ideals. It is impossible to implement his ideals in society without sincere love for Rasulullah (SAW). The demand of Iman is to give priority to the Sunnah of Rasulullah (SAW) in all cases,abandon one’s desires in following Rasulullah (SAW), andthus show love to Nabi (peace be upon him). Therefore, the believers must give proof of the love of Rasulullah (SAW) in all cases. They have to say that they love Rasulullah (SAW) more than anything. Because obedience to Rasulullah (SAW) is the love of Allah. Teachings: 1. The condition of true faith is love for Rasulullah (SAW). 2. Rasulullah (peace be upon him) should be loved more than anyone. 3. It is not possible to attain the love of Allah without the love of Rasulullah. 4. Love for Rasulullah (SAW) is to implement his teachings and ideals in social life. 5. Love for the Holy Prophet (peace be upon him) will be based on belief, faith, knowledge and conscience. Academic Year 2024 6. The Holy Prophet (peace be upon him) should be loved ignoring all loved ones who are against Islamic ideals and beliefs. 104  Islamic Studies Hadith- 5 (Hadith regarding the duty of a believer on another believer) Meaning: A believer has six rights over another believer. He will serve him when he is sick, attend his funeral when he dies, answer his call, greet him when he meets him, respond to him when he sneezes, and seek his welfare at all times in his presence and absence. (Tirmidhi) Explanation Islam has a beautiful combination of rights and duties. Everyone is given their due rights. In Islam, the most importance is given on the rights of others. And believers are brothers to each other. A Muslim brother has six rights over another Muslim brother. The rights are: If a believer is sick, it is the moral duty of another believer to inquire about him, provide nursing care, support him financially and physically, pray for his recovery, etc. It is for all believers, relatives, non-relatives, rich and poor, acquaintances and strangers. Because service to Allah lies in serving the patient. Besides, if a believer dies, he must participate in his funeral. It is not only a moral duty but also a part of faith. Attending funerals and waiting until burial is a very virtuous act. The call of the believer should be answered as best as possible. Especially when a believer calls for a good deed, or calls for rescue from a danger, or calls for food, then it is the duty of the believer to respond to his call. One of the most important acts in Islam is exchanging greetings. Salam is a greeting from Allah Ta’ala to His servant. He will greet the people of paradise. Salam is a very simple and well-wishing greeting for others. Before entering someone’s house, upon arriving at the majlis, one should greet all the people present, young and old, rich and poor. Moreover, the one who greets first is dearer to Allah. Academic Year 2024 If a believer sneezes and says Alhamdulillah (All praise be to Allah),then the listener will say Yarhamukallah (May Allah have mercy on you) in response. After hearing this answer, the sneeze giver will say Yahdikumullahu (May Allah guide you to the right path). If the sneezier does not sneeze and say Alhamdulillah, there is no need to respond. The etiquette of sneezing is to cover the mouth with hands or cloth while 105  Let’s Learn Quran and Hadith sneezing,reduce noise as much as possible. One should seek the welfare of the believer in his presence or absence. Welfare in absence means not wasting his wealth in his absence and safeguarding it if it is wasted. The meaning of seeking welfare in presence is to cooperate with him in all circumstances, not to oppress him, not to let him be oppressed, not to cheat him, to make him aware if there is a fear of being cheated, not to differ with him, etc. Some other responsibilities of a Muslim towards another Muslim are to help him, to hide his faults, to forgive his mistakes, not to harbour any enmity towards him, etc. So every Muslim person should note these things. May Allah Ta’ala grant us all the tawfiq to properly fulfil the rights of other Muslim brothers. Teachings: 1. A believer will serve and help another believer by being beside him during his illness. 2. He will participate in the funeral of a believer, comfort his family and complete his burial. 3. He will always respond to his calls in case of danger. 4. He will circulate Salam among all the believers, known and unknown. 5. He will pray for him after sneezing. 6. He will not do things that harm the believers. Rather, he will wish for his welfare as a whole. Hadith-6 (Hadith related to life after death) Meaning: When a person dies, all his deeds cease,except the three types of activities. Sadaqah Zaria (ongoing charity); that knowledge, by which other people get benefitted; Academic Year 2024 good child, who prays for him. (Muslim) Explanation: All human activities on Earth are preserved. These activities cease with death. However, the three acts continue until Qiyaamah. The beloved Prophet (peace be upon him) has mentioned these three deeds in the mentioned Hadith. The three practices are: 106  Islamic Studies A donation that always benefits humans and animals. The reward of this donation is ongoing. For example, mosques, madrasas, orphanages, inns, hospitals, bridge construction, tree planting, other long-term public welfare works, etc. Knowledge that benefits people. For example, writing Islamic and public welfare books, making discoveries for public welfare, producing good students who will continue to impart knowledge to others, leaving ideals that will continue to inspire people forever, etc. Similarly, leaving well-educated and ideal children, the parents will continue to be benefitted from the good deeds of the child. As long as the child does good deeds, the parents will continue to get rewards from it. Children will continue to pray for their parents. The virtuous child will say, ‘O Allah, my parents showed mercy and compassion to me, nurtured me with love and care in my childhood, you kindly bless them with similar mercy and grace.’ Therefore, those who do ongoing public welfare work, leave useful knowledge and virtuous childrenbehindwill continue to receive rewards even after death. May Allah grant us Tawfiq to do this kind of work. Teachings: 1. With death, the path of human life is closed. Only sadaqah zariah, beneficial knowledge and virtuous children can send rewards to people. 2. In addition to general charity, special importance should be given to sadaqah zariah. Benevolent work is the greatest form of worship. 3. We should spend as much money and talent as possible on permanent welfare and reform works. Then participation in good deeds will continue even after death. 4. The responsibility of parents is to raise their children as honest and ideal people. A child’s duty is to obey his parents,pray for parents after their death. 5. The main goal of all the actions of the believer will be the success of the Hereafter. Academic Year 2024 Writing a Reflective Diary ‘I will enlighten my life with the teaching of Quran-Hadith’ (Write down in 300 words how the teachings of Quran and Hadith will illuminate or brighten your real life in the light of the mentioned title.) 107  Let’s Learn Quran and Hadith Two Hadiths about Prayer Allah is the creator of the universe. He is our Lord. The Most Merciful and Giver. There are infinite blessings with Him. We will ask Allah Ta’ala for the welfare of this world and the hereafter. He will answer when we call. Rasulullah (SAW) taught us the method of asking to Allah. There are many hadiths of the Prophet (peace be upon him) related to prayer. We will learn two hadiths about prayer here. The First Hadith Pronunciation: Allahumma inni a’uzubiqa min munkaratil akhlaq wal a’maal wal ahwa. Meaning: O Allah! I seek refuge to you from bad character, bad deeds and bad habits. (Tirmidhi) The Second Hadith Pronunciation: Allahumma inni asalukal huda was sada-da. Meaning: O Allah! I ask you for guidance and a straight path. (Muslim) The above hadiths are two important prayer hadiths. In the first hadith, prayer is taught for obtaining forgiveness, kindness, guidance, health and sustenance, and in the second hadith for guidance and the straight path. We will learn two hadiths with meaning, pray for Allah’s blessings through two hadiths. Then Allah Ta’ala will grant us the welfare of this world and the hereafter. Gathering for Purely Quran Recitation In the light of the previous sessions of this chapter, you participate in the Qur'an recitation competition purely. Academic Year 2024 108  Islamic Studies Chapter 4 Akhlaq Dear students! You do many things as you go about your daily life, right? But all the things you do are correct or agree with our Islam? We will learn about the importance of character and some good and bad characters in the chapter being discussed here. Akhlaq is the plural form of the Arabic word ‘Khuluqun.’ Khuluqun literally means disposition, character, behaviour, habits etc. Akhlaq refers to both good and bad character. Akhlaq is the integrated form of human nature. Terminologically, all the good or bad behaviour, thoughts, mentality and actions of people in their daily life are collectively called character or Akhlaq. In short, the totality of all human actions and principles is called Akhlaq. So let’s know about Akhlaq in detail... Importance of Akhlaq Akhlaq is the precious resource of human life. Akhlaq is of immense importance in Islam. The better the character of the nation is, the more prosperous the nation becomes. Peace, security, social unity, solidarity, communal harmony are destroyed by the characterless nation and anarchy and unrest spread in the society. The Prophets were Academic Year 2024 of the best character. They taught their nation good character. The Prophet (peace be upon him) said, Meaning: I have been sent for the perfection of good character. (Baihaqi) 109  Akhlaq Good character is the life force of a developed nation. Happiness and peace in this world and the hereafter depends on good character. A person of noble character is good in the eyes of the society as well as dear to Allah the Almighty. The Prophet (peace be upon him) said, Meaning:A person whose character is good is the most beloved to Allah Ta’ala. (Ibn Hibban) Good character leads people to attain Taqwa. And a person of moral character is respected, trusted and loved by all. Everyone comes forward in his distress and he holds a high place of dignity in the society. On the other hand, a person with evil character is hated and condemned by everyone. No one loves him, trusts him, rather they avoid him. No one helps him even in his distress. The more advanced his character is, the more advanced he is. Nabi Karim (PBUH) said, Meaning: Good character is good deeds. (Muslim) Good character is similar to a dress for a believer’s life. People are respected everywhere because of their character. As Rasulullah (SAW) himself possessed good character, he taught mankind to build good character. He enjoined the practice of honest and moral character in order to become a complete believer. Improved character leads people to the perfection of Iman. The Prophet (peace be upon him) said, “He who is the best among them in terms of character has full faith among the believers.” (Tirmidhi) In fact, good character will be a tool for people’s welfare and a means of liberation in the afterlife. And a characterless person indulges in all kinds of vices. He disobeys Allah Ta’ala. Allah does not love him. On the Day of Resurrection, Allah Ta’ala will severely punish the characterless person. The Prophet (peace be upon him) said- Meaning: Evil and violent people will not enter Paradise. (Abu Dawud) A person of good character will be highly respected in the Hereafter. Good character Academic Year 2024 will weigh heavily on the scales. Good character drives people to good deeds. And good deeds wipe away man’s sins. Nabi Karim (SAW) said, ‘Good character melts sins as the heat of the sun melts ice.’ (Baihaqi) We will acquire good character. We will avoid reprehensible nature so that we can be 110  Islamic Studies loved by everyone as a real person. And in the Hereafter, we can get Allah’s Paradise. Single/Individual Activity ‘Knowing in the previous class, the manners which I regularly practice/avoid`’ (You will fill up the prescribed table in the light of the mentioned title and submit it with the parent’s opinion or signature.) The manners we How we have practiced / Guardian’s SL regularly practice or avoided opinion avoid (Yes/No) While talking at school or yes 1 family, I behave politely and Modesty and humility humbly with everyone, big or small. 2 Benefitting others 3 Spreading slander and rumours ৪. Duty to the neighbours ৫. Respect to the elders Some Admirable Characters (Akhlaq-e-Hamidah) The word Hamidah means praiseworthy. Akhlaq-e-Hamidah is a person’s admirable character, beautiful character, good qualities, good character, etc. In Islamic terms, the