Islamic Studies PDF

Let’s Learn Quran and Hadith Homework You will practice/rehearse the Surahs prescribed in the text book correctly at home according to Tazweed. (In this case, you can inform your family members...

Let’s Learn Quran and Hadith Homework You will practice/rehearse the Surahs prescribed in the text book correctly at home according to Tazweed. (In this case, you can inform your family members about the tazweed rules. Some Surahs of Al Quran with Meaning and Background Surah Al-Fil Surah Fil is the 105th Surah of the Holy Quran. It was revealed in Makkah. The surah has five verses. Fil means elephant. In this Surah, the events of the elephant army are briefly described. They marched to Makkah with an army of elephants to destroy the Kaaba. Allah Ta’ala destroys their army by small birds and turns them into dust. The surah describes the tragic fate of the army of elephants, hence it is named Surah Fil. Shane Nuzul Junwas was the king of Yemen. He was Jewish. He used to torture Christians unspeakably. They were forced to convert to Judaism. He even burned copies of the Bible. Then the king of Rome requested the king of Abyssinia, Najjashi, to take action against Junuwas. Najjashi then sent Abraha with a large army against Junuwas. Abraha destroyed Junuwas and seized power in Yemen. Abraha, the Ruler of Yemen, saw the people of Arabs, Yemen and other countries coming to the Kaaba in Makkah to make tawaf around the Kaaba, honouring and worshiping it. So he started a conspiracy to reduce people’s devotion to the Kaaba, to prevent the people of the world from approaching the Kaaba. He then built a beautiful and bejewelled church in San’a, the capital of Yemen. He ordered people to attend this church and urged them not to go to Kaaba Sharif in Mecca. But his hundred attempts and initiatives failed. No one agreed to go to his church. He then became furious. In the meantime, an Arab man secretly entered the church and defecated there. Then somebody set it on fire. After that Abraha, in anger and rage, launched an expedition with a huge army of elephants in 570 AD to destroy the Kaaba. In this army there Academic Year 2024 were huge soldiers and thirteen huge powerful elephants. Any tribe of Arabs who tried to stop him on his way, he destroyed them and advanced. The Quraysh leader Abdul Muttalib, the grandfather of the Holy Prophet (peace be upon him), was in charge of the maintenance of the Kaaba at that time. Abraha’s soldiers took away the camels of the people of Makkah. Among these were two hundred camels of Abdul Muttalib. 80  Islamic Studies Abdul Muttalib met Abraha and said, “Your army has seized our camels, arrange to return them.” Abraha was surprised by this. He said,“I am coming to destroy your Kaaba but you are talking about your camels without saying anything about it.” Then Abdul Muttalib said, ‘I am the owner of the camel, so I am talking about the camel and the owner of the Kaaba is Allah the Almighty; He will surely protect it.’ Hearing this, Abraha remained silent for a while and ordered to return the camels. Abdul Muttalib asked the Quraysh to take refuge in the mountains. All took shelter in the nearby hills. The next morning Abraha came forward with his army to destroy the Kaaba. But due to the power of Almighty Allah, the elephants could not move forward. At this time, Allah the Almighty sent flocks of very small birds of green and yellow colour from the direction of the sea. They brought two small pebbles on their feet and one on their lips and threw them at Abrahar’s army. As a result, Abraha’s army was destroyed in no time. And Abraha escaped wounded. All over his body were bruised like the marks of pox. His body began to rot, and blood and pus were oozing. He died after suffering a lot. This is how Almighty Allah protects His house from Abraha’s plan of destruction. Allah revealed this special event to the world by revealing Surah Fil. Word Meaning: Word Meaning Word Meaning Haven’t you seen? He sends How? Birds Companions, Associates, Ababil, a kind of small Lord, Master bird which flies in flocks Elephant Stones Didn’t He do? Pebbles, small stones Conspiracy, secret plot, Grass, straw Academic Year 2024 stratagem Failure, fail Eaten, that has been eaten. 81  Let’s Learn Quran and Hadith Translation In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful 1. Have you not seen how your Lord dealt with the owners of the elephant? 2. Did He not make their plot go astray? 3. And sent against them birds, in flocks, 4. Striking them with stones of Sijjil (baked clay) 5. And He made them like (an empty filed of) stalks (of which the corn has been eaten up by cattle). Explanation In this surah, the historical event of the unsuccessful attempt to destroy the Kaaba by King Abraha of Yemen has been described. This is a wonderful sign of Allah’s power and wisdom. The incident happened fifty days before the birth of the Holy Prophet (peace be upon him). Abraha was the owner of a lot of wealth and army. He had a huge army of elephants. But compared to the power and power of Almighty Allah, these wealth and military-vassals are very insignificant and unimportant. Allah Ta’ala is the Mighty and Almighty. He can do whatever He wants. He can humiliate and chasten whomever he wants. Abraha showed arrogance of power. He was at enmity with Allah out of pride and arrogance. Almighty Allah destroyed him with a kind of small bird. This incident shows that those who disobey Allah and are at enmity with Islam will be destroyed by Allah in this world. Allah set a great example of this by destroying Abraha, the king of Yemen, along with his soldiers and elephants in a moment. No power in the world can save any individual, society, nation,who will make an attempt to Academic Year 2024 harm Islam, from Allah’s punishment. Not only in this world, but also in the Hereafter, they will not be spared from the terrible punishment of Almighty Allah. 82  Islamic Studies Teachings: The lessons we get from this Surah are- 1. The Kaaba is the House of Allah the Almighty, and He will preserve it. No power in the world will dare to destroy it. 2. Almighty Allah’s power and supremacy are infinite. No power on earth can withstand Him. 3. He will punish those who disobey Allah the Almighty. 4. Disobedient and unfaithful people will be punished not only in the Hereafter but also in this world. 5. All the strategies and conspiracies of the kafir and polytheists against Islam are foiled by Almighty Allah because He is the best strategist. Surah Al-Qadr Surah Al-Qadr is a significant Surah of the Holy Quran. It was revealed in the holy Makkah. This is the 97th Surah of the Quran. It has five verses. It describes the importance and virtues of Lailatul Qadr. The worship of this night is better than the worship of a thousand months. It is named after the word Lailatul Qadr mentioned in the first verse of this Surah. Shane Nuzul The purpose of revelation of this surah is to explain the excellence, greatness and importance of the Quran. It is narrated from Ibn Abi Hatim that Rasulullah (SAW) once discussed about a Mujahid from Bani Israel. He was engaged in Jihad in the way of Allah uninterruptedly for a thousand months and never laid down his arms. When the Companions were surprised to hear this, Surah Qadr was revealed then. It has been declared that only one night of worship for the Ummah of Muhammadan is better than a thousand months of worship for that Mujahid. Ibn Jarir (RA) mentions another incident regarding Shane Nuzul of this Surah: A man from Bani Israel used to spend the whole night in worship. And he used to go out for Jihad in the way of Allah in the morning and used to engage in Jihad all day long. He thus spent a thousand months in the worship of Allah. Then the Companions were surprised and thought that our life is very short while the previous Ummah used to live for a long time. They used to get more opportunities to worship. As a result, we will never Academic Year 2024 be equal to them in the reward of worship. In view of such regrets of the Companions, Almighty Allah announced the superiority of this Ummah by revealing Surah Qadr. The Companions were astonished to hear about the worship of the Ummah of Bani Israel. Almighty Allah has given them something better than this through this surah. 83  Let’s Learn Quran and Hadith Word Meaning: Word Meaning Word Meaning Certainly me Month I have revealed it. is revealed, descends Night Angels Dignity, great Soul, but Hazrat Jibraeel (AS) is meant here And do you know? Permission, approval What? Till, until Night of greatness/ dignity Peace Best, greatest Advent, emergence Thousand Dawn, time of Fazr Translation In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful 1. Verily, we have sent it (this Quran) down in the night of Al-Qadr (Decree). Academic Year 2024 2. And what will make you know what the night of Al-Qadr (Decree) is? 3. The night of Al-Qadr (Decree) is better than a thousand months 84  Islamic Studies 4. Therein descend the angels and the Ruh (Jibraeel) by Allah’s permission will all Decrees. 5. (All that night), there is Peace (and Goodness from Allah to His slaves) until the appearance of dawn. Explanation In this surah, the revelation of the Qur’an and the greatness of that night are described. The Quran was revealed in Lailatul Qadr. The meaning of the revelation of the Qur’an on Lailatul Qadr is that all the Qur’an was revealed together on this night. The complete Qur’an was first revealed from Laohe Mahfuz to a place in the first heaven called Bait al-Izzah. Lailatul Qadr is a very glorious night. The status of this night is more than a thousand months. This one night of worship is better than eighty-three years and four months of worship. On this night, Hazrat Jibraeel (AS) along with other angels descend on earth with the message of mercy, blessings and peace by the permission of Almighty Allah. In this night, there is complete peace till the moment before dawn. Teachings What we learn from this Surah: 1. Quran Majid is the kalam or words of Almighty Allah. He revealed it in Laylatul Qadr. 2. Lailatul Qadr is a very significant night. However, the Hadiths indicate that Lailatul Qadr is any odd night in the last ten days of Ramadan. Again, many of the expert scholars have expressed the opinion that the 27th night of Ramadan is Lailatul Qadr. 3. The worship of this night is better than the worship of a thousand months. 4. On this night, under the leadership of Jibraeel (AS), the angels come to the world with the news of peace and welfare. 5. Peace and mercy are showered on this night till dawn. Academic Year 2024 6. It is because of the revelation of the Qur’an Majeed on Laylatul Qadr that it has become so prestigious. We will celebrate Lailatul Qadr properly with more nafal ibadat. We will not spend even a little time of this night without praying. Only then we will be able to achieve the reward of worship more than a thousand months. 85  Let’s Learn Quran and Hadith Panel or group discussion According to the teachings of Surah Qadr, discuss with the panel or classmates and present according to the teacher’s instructions what we should do on the night of Lailatul Qadr. Surah Ad-Duha Surah Ad-Duha is the 93rd surah of the Holy Quran. It was revealed in Makkah. Its verse number is eleven. The Surah was revealed after Surah Fajr and before Surah Inshirah. The Surah was revealed during the early stage of Makki life of Rasulullah (SAW). Shane Nuzul Hazrat Zayd Ibn Arkam (R.A.) said about the shane nuzul of this surah.During the initial period of revelation, ohi was not sent to Rasulullah (SAW) for some days. The Holy Prophet (peace be upon him) became very worried and upset. The infidels and polytheists of Makkah then began to say, Muhammad’s (peace be upon him) Lord had forsaken him, was displeased with him. Then Allah Ta’ala revealed Surah Ad-Duha. In Sahih Bukhari and Sahih Muslim, another Shane Nuzul of Surah Ad-Duha has been described. Once Jibraeel (AS) did not bring the revelation to Rasulullah (SAW) for a few days. Then Abu Lahab’s wife Umm Jamil (Urwa Binte Harb) came and said to Rasulullah (SAW), “O Muhammad! I think the devil that used to be with you has left you. For two or three nights I did not see him come to you.’ Then Allah revealed this Surah. Word Meaning Word Meaning Word Meaning Oath He will grant you. Forenoon, the first part of the day You will be satisfied. Academic Year 2024 Night Didn’t he get you? When Orphan, urchin, homeless 86  Islamic Studies Word Meaning Word Meaning Darken, being dark Then he gave shelter. He did not forsake; did not He has got. abandon Lord Unaware of the path And he was not dissatisfied, was He showed the path. not displeased Of course Needy, destitute He made rich, he removed Afterlife, hereafter, next time want. Best, good Don’t be harsh. For you Beggar, needy From Don’t repulse. This life, the life of the world, the previous time Contribution, wealth, favour You describe, preach, publish, Very soon convey Translation In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful 1. By the morning sunlight, 2. and the night when it falls still! Academic Year 2024 3. Your Lord ˹O Prophet˺ has not abandoned you, nor has He become hateful ˹of you˺. 87  Let’s Learn Quran and Hadith 4. And the next life is certainly far better for you than this one. 5. And ˹surely˺ your Lord will give so much to you that you will be pleased. 6. Did He not find you as an orphan then sheltered you? 7. Did He not find you unguided then guided you? 8. And did He not find you needy then satisfied your needs? 9. So do not oppress the orphan, 10. nor repulse the beggar. 11. And proclaim the blessings of your Lord. Explanation The Prophets are the chosen people of Allah. They are the most beloved ones of Allah. Allah Ta’ala has bestowed mercy on the Prophets and Rasulullahs from the time of their birth. In this Surah, Almighty Allah has given details of various favours given to our beloved Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him). The Prophet (peace be upon him) was an orphan. His father died before he was born. And mother died when he was six years old. There was no one to nurture him. Almighty Allah has made good arrangements for bringing him up. Allah created immense love for him first in the heart of his grandfather Abdul Muttalib and later uncle Abu Talib. As a result, they brought him up with more care than their own children. Before attaining ohi, he was unware of the rules of Allah the Almighty. He was Academic Year 2024 concerned about reducing the sufferings of the human race and for the salvation of the hereafter. He meditated in the cave of Hera in search of truth. Almighty Allah then gave him prophethood and guided him to the truth and beauty. He gave the light of guidance. He was poor, helpless, destitute and empty-handed. Then Almighty Allah made him 88  Islamic Studies prosperous and rich. He freed him from poverty. It was started by sharing the wealth of Hazrat Khadijah (RA). Later, by the command of Almighty Allah, he married Khadijah (RA) and all her property was dedicated to the Prophet (SAW). In this way Almighty Allah gave many blessings and favours to the Holy Prophet (peace be upon him) in his earthly life. In addition to earthly blessings, Almighty Allah has given the good news of giving Rasulullah (SAW) various blessings in the Hereafter in this Surah. Almighty Allah gave the good news to the Holy Prophet (peace be upon him) that your life hereafter will be many times better than this worldly life. Many times more blessings of what have been given in this world will be given in the Hereafter. Rasulullah (SAW) will be pleased to receive what Almighty Allah will bestow upon him in the Hereafter. And in the light of the hadith, it is known that Rasulullah (SAW) will not be happy until all his ummah is forgiven. Almighty Allah will please Rasulullah (SAW) by forgiving everyone. In this surah, after mentioning the blessings of Allah Ta’ala in this time and the hereafter, Allah instructed him not to be harsh with the orphans and not to reprimand any beggar and abide by the responsibility for expressing gratitude for the blessings given and spreading the word. Teachings: One can learn from this Surah- 1. Allah the Exalted never forsakes His beloved servants nor does He dislike them. 2. No matter how difficult the danger is, He saves them from danger. 3. He made their afterlife many times better and benevolent than the earthly life. 4. Rich people should come forward to alleviate the sufferings of the poor and helpless people. 5. To help beggars and those seeking help as much as possible without bullying or reprimanding them. Because Allah has given the beggars and the needy a share in the wealth of the rich. 6. Orphans should always be treated gently and not bullied. Academic Year 2024 7. Wealth is a special blessing of Allah the Almighty. When He bestows these boons on someone, he should express his gratitude by avoiding miserliness and spread these boons among people. 89  Let’s Learn Quran and Hadith Single/Individual work “How to practice the teaching of Surah Ad-Duha in one’s (student’s) life” (In the light of the mentioned title, discuss how you will practice the teaching of Surah Ad-Duha in your own life as per the teacher’s instructions and present it individually or in groups. Surah Al-Alaq Surah Alaq is the 96th Surah of Al Quran. It was revealed in Makkah. Its number of verses is 19. It is named after the last word of the second verse of this Surah, Alaq. Shane Nuzul This surah is divided into two parts according to the time of revelation. The first five verses of this Surah were first revealed in the cave of Hera when Rasulullah (SAW) was 40 years old. This is the first ohi. Through this the prophethood of the greatest and last prophet was revealed. The remaining fourteen verses of the Surah were revealed later when the Holy Prophet (peace be upon him) began to pray at the Kaaba Sharif and was interrupted by Abu Jahal. Abu Jahal once asked his companions, ‘Does Muhammad offer prayers and prostrations in front of you?’ They said yes. Then he said,‘By Lat and Uzzah, if I see him performing the prayer, I will hang the entrails of a camel on his shoulder.’ One day he saw the Holy Prophet (peace be upon him) offering prayers. He advanced but fell back and defended himself with his hands. Then he was told, what happened to you? He said, “Indeed I saw between him a fiery pit, very fierce and full of wings.” In this context, the last verses were revealed. Word Meaning Word Meaning Word Meaning Read, recite Right path In the name of Or Academic Year 2024 Your lord He orders. Who ‫ا‬ Fear of Allah 90  Islamic Studies Word Meaning Word Meaning He has created. He lies. Human beings He becomes indifferent/ he turns away. From He observes. Sticking blood Be careful, never Most dignified, most respected He does not stop. He has taught. Of course it will be messed up. With pen Hair on the front of the head He did not know. Liar Have you seen him? Sinful He hinders. He should call. Servant, slave Companion When Guard of hell He offers prayer You pray Academic Year 2024 If You come closer 91  Let’s Learn Quran and Hadith Translation In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful 1. Read, ˹O Prophet,˺ in the Name of your Lord Who created— 2. created humans from a clinging clot. 3. Read! And your Lord is the Most Generous, 4. Who taught by the pen— 5. taught humanity what they knew not. 6. Most certainly, one exceeds all bounds 7. once they think they are self-sufficient. 8. But˺ surely to your Lord is the return ˹of all˺. 9. Have you seen the man who prevents 10. a servant ˹of Ours˺ from praying? 11. What if this ˹servant˺ is ˹rightly˺ guided, Academic Year 2024 12. or encourages righteousness? 92  Islamic Studies 13. What if that ˹man˺ persists in denial and turns away? 14. Does he not know that Allah sees ˹all˺? 15. But no! If he does not desist, We will certainly drag him by the forelock— 16. a lying, sinful forelock. 17. So let him call his associates. 18. We will call the wardens of Hell. 19. Again, no! Never obey him ˹O Prophet˺! Rather, ˹continue to˺ prostrate and draw near ˹to Allah˺. Explanation: In Surah Teen, the previous Surah of Surah Al-Alaq, Allah Ta’ala says about the creation of man, ‘Verily, I have created man in the best shape.’ Allah Ta’ala says in Surah Al- Alaq, He created man from Alaq, that is, the sticky and clotted blood,as it attaches to the mother’s uterus. Obviously the two have similarities. The first verse describes external structure and beauty. And the second verse describes basic cosmology. The beginning of this Surah calls for reading and teaching. Then the unique blessings and favours, Al-Qur’an,descended on Rasulullah (SAW) have been discussed here. After that, disobedience for abundance and strength in human life, disobeying Allah’s commands even after receiving these blessings have beendelineated. Next the wickedness of Abu Jahel is mentioned. He used to prevent Priya Nabi (peace be upon him) from offering prayers. He used to push the camel’s entrails on his shoulder at the time of prayer. Then the terrible fate of such sinful infidels is told. If they do not desist from such activities, they will be caught and Academic Year 2024 throwninto hell as a terrible punishment. Finally, it is commanded to gain nearness to Allah by prostrating more and more. It is said in the hadith - when a servant is in prostration, he is closer to his Lord. The last verse of Surah Al-Alaq is the verse of prostration. Prostration is obligatory on everyone who recites and hears this verse. 93  Let’s Learn Quran and Hadith Teachings: We can learn from this Surah- 1. Allah Ta’ala has graced the Holy Prophet (peace be upon him). 2. Allah Ta’ala taught people through the pen. 3. Abundance of wealth persuades people to disobey Allah Ta’ala. 4. The consequences of obstructing the worship of Allah Ta’ala are dire. 5. Allah Ta’ala has bestowed innumerable blessings on His servants. 6. One can get close to Allah Ta’ala by descending more and more into prostration. Writing a Reflective Diary (Homework) Prepare a list of areas of practice of teachings of Surah Al-Alaq in your real life. The Last Three Verses of Surah Al-Hashr Every surah and verse of the Quran is very significant and dignified. However, certain verses and Surahs carry special significance. The last three verses of Surah Hashr are one of them. Surah Al-Hashr is the 59th Surah of the Holy Quran. It was revealed in Medina. We will now know about the meaning, explanation, virtues of the last three verses of Surah Al-Hashr i.e. 22nd, 23rd and 24th verses. Benefits/Virtues The last three verses of Surah Al-Hashr have many importance and virtues. In these verses, the identity of some of the most important names of Almighty Allah has been beautifully revealed. About the virtues of these three verses, the Holy Prophet (peace be upon him) said that-if a person recites the last three verses of Surah Al-Hashr in the morning after reading out the following three times- Academic Year 2024 94  Islamic Studies (Pronounced: Auzu Billahis Sameel Alimi Minash Shaitanir Rajim.) Allah Ta’ala will appoint seventy thousand angels for himwho will continue to pray for forgiveness for that person until the evening. And if the man dies during this period, then he will gain the dignityof a martyr. And the person who reads like this in the evening will also get this virtue. (Tirmidhi) Word Meaning Word Meaning Word Meaning He Mighty Who Strong Wise Sublime Invisible Holy, great Visible, present They associate with (Him), set partners Kind Creator Most merciful Inventor Master, owner Shaper Sacred Names Peace Beautiful Protector He tells over the beads, proclaims Academic Year 2024 glory Watcher, Wise, knowledgeable 95  Let’s Learn Quran and Hadith Translation In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful 1. He is Allah—there is no god ˹worthy of worship˺ except Him 2. Knower of the seen and unseen. 3. He is the Most Compassionate, Most Merciful. 4. He is Allah—there is no Illah except Him 5. The King, the Most Holy, the All- Perfect, 6. The Source of Serenity, the Watcher of all 7. The Almighty, the Supreme in Might, the Majestic 8. Glorified is Allah far above what they associate with Him in worship 9. He is Allah: the Creator 10. The Inventor, the Shaper 11. He alone has the Most Beautiful Names 12. Whatever is in the heavens and the earth constantly glorifies Him. Academic Year 2024 13. And He is the Almighty, All-Wise. 96  Islamic Studies Explanation These verses describe some of the attributive names of Allah the Almighty. The power and greatness of Almighty Allah has been expressed in the names of all these virtues. There is no Ilah or Ma’bud except Him. He knows what is hidden and unknown to creation. And He also knows what is manifested and known to them. Nothing in this universe is beyond His knowledge. He is Merciful, Most Gracious. His mercy is infinite and endless, pervading the whole world. Everything in the universe receives His bounty and grace. He is the possessor of all power. Everything from the sky to the earth is under his control. As He wills, whatever He wills, so be it. He alone is worthy of worship. Everything in the heavens and the earth glorifies Him and proclaims His holiness. So our duty is to worship Him aloneobeying all His commands and prohibitions. Al-Hadith Dear students! You have learned about hadith in previous classes. You learned there about the identity, types, importance and pure 6 books of hadith. You learned some selected humanitarian and moral virtues and prayerful hadiths related to life. With what you have learned about hadith in seventh and eighth grade, in ninth grade, you will learn about hadith, Sunnah, Asar, Hadith-e-qudsi, Matruk, the identity of Mawzu hadith and importance of hadith. In addition, you will be able to practice in your practical life after knowing the teachings of some selected hadiths and prayerful as well as life-related hadiths. Hadith Hadith is Arabic word. It means talk, speech, discourse, message, matter and news etc. Usually the words, actions, approval and silence of Rasulullah (SAW) are called hadith. Everything that Nabi Karim (peace be upon him) said, everything that he did and everything that he allowed to say or do or endorsed is called Hadith. Sunnah The word Sunnah is synonymous with Hadith. The word Sunnah means way, method, principle and standard of action. The way, methods and practices followed by Academic Year 2024 Rasulullah (SAW) are called Sunnah. In other words, the Sunnah is the ideal preached by Rasulullah (SAW). This Sunnah is justified as the best ideal in the Quran. Asar The word Asar means sign, symbol and remnant of things. The word Asar also 97  Let’s Learn Quran and Hadith sometimes refers to the hadith of Rasulullah (SAW). But many make a distinction between Hadith and Asar. According to them, whatever is quoted from the Companions about the Shari’ah is called Asar. According to some, the words and deeds, support and approval of the Companions and Tabayyin are Asar. Hadith-e-Qudsi The main point of the hadith which Allah Ta’ala directly conveyed to Rasulullah (SAW) through a dream or Ilham and Rasulullah (SAW) narrated it in his own language is called Hadith-e-Qudsi. Matruk The word Matruk literally means forsaken, abandoned and annulled. The Hadith narrated by the Rabi who is weak to all the Muhaddiths is called Matruq. In other words, a hadith narrated by a weak Rabi alone is ‘Matruk’ or abandoned. His hadith is ‘Mardud’ or rejected. Mawzu or fake Hadith: The word Mawzu means fake, concocted, fabricated, fictitious, contrived, lying and misrepresenting the sayings of Muhammad etc. Fabricated and composed sayings about the Prophet (peace be upon him) are called Mawzu hadith. In other words, the Hadith narrated by a Rabi who is proved to have been deliberately uttered falsely in the name of Rasulullah (SAW) in his life is called Mawzu Hadith. In short, what has been said falsely in the name of the Holy Prophet (SAW) is a fake hadith. Ruling on Mawzu or Fake Hadith: Since a fake hadith is not a hadith, it is haram/ prohibited to propagate the said statement as a hadith of Rasulullah (SAW) even after knowing that it is fake and fabricated. However, it is permissible to narrate a fake hadith in order to make people aware of it. Importance of Hadith Hadith is an invaluable resource for Muslims. The second source of Islamic Sharia is the Hadith, one of the foundations of Islamic code of life. The place of Hadith is after Quran. Where the Qur’an presents the principles of the Islamic way of life, the Hadith analyses these principles in detail. Quran is the pillar of light of Islam; Hadith is its scattered light. The Qur’an appealsto follow Allah Ta’ala and Rasulullah (SAW). The Qur’an is a revealed ohi from Allah Almighty. The hadith is unpublished ohi. Because Rasulullah (peace be upon him) himself never said a fabricated thing. He used to inform people about various things after receiving the guidance of Almighty Allah. Allah the Almighty says: Academic Year 2024 Meaning:Nor does he speak of his own whims.It is only a revelation sent down to him. (Surah An-Nazm: 3-4) 98  Islamic Studies In addition to the accurate interpretation of the Quran, the hadiths provide detailed descriptions of the life, actions, sacrifices, ideals, patience, love of humanity, fear of Allah, uncompromising in the path of truth, faithfulness, honesty, prophethood, guidance and advice of the Prophet (peace be upon him). Al-Qur’an describes ‘everything’. Most of them are ‘primary instructions’which are impossible to observe without explanation. The Holy Prophet (peace be upon him) has given the necessary explanations and analyses of the brief instructions. For example, the highest and greatest act of Islam is ‘Salah’. There are instructionsrelated to Salah in many places in the Quran. But the method of prayer is not explained in the Quran. That is, what is ‘Salah’, when it should be performed, when and how many rak’ats should be performed, how each rak’at should be performed, how the Qur’an should be recited in each rak’at, how many rukus are there, how many sajdas/prostrationsare there, how the rukus and sajdas should be performed, etc. Nothing (related to these) is taught in the Quran. Rasulullah (SAW) taught the detailed method of Salah. He said- Meaning: You shall pray as you see me praying. When it is time for prayer, one of you will give the call to prayer. Then whoever is older among you will lead your prayers. (Bukhari) Similarly in the Qur’an there is a command to pay Zakat. But there is no detailed guidance on paying Zakat in the Quran. Rasulullah (SAW) described these rules in detail through hadiths. This is why the importance of hadith like Quran is immense. In short, from the birth of a Muslim to his death, we get detailed guidance on all personal, family, social, economic, political and international issues in the hadith of the Prophet. That is why Allah says- Meaning:Whatever the Messenger gives you, take it. And whatever he forbids you from, leave it. (Surah Hashr, verse 7) Academic Year 2024 Obedience to Rasulullah (peace be upon him) is absolutely necessary to obtain Allah’s forgiveness and love. Because obedience to Rasulullah (peace be upon him) is obedience to Allah. In this context, Almighty Allah says, ‘Say, O Prophet, if you sincerely love Allah, then follow me; Allah will love you and forgive your sins.’ (Surah Al-Imran, verse: 31) 99  Let’s Learn Quran and Hadith Rasulullah (SAW) was the teacher of mankind. We can know the life style of the Holy Prophet (peace be upon him) through the hadith;what was he like, how did he get the Quran, how did he teach it, how did he compile it etc. Therefore, the importance and necessity of hadith in human life is immense. It is not possible to obey the Quran or build an Islamic life without Hadith. Again, denying or doubting the hadith is Kufr. So we will completely follow the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him), the instructions of the Quran based on the hadith. And we will build our life in the light of Hadith. Some Important Hadiths of the Holy Prophet (peace be upon him) Hadith- 1: (Hadith regarding commanding children to pray) Meaning: Instruct your children to pray when they reach seven years of age. (Abu Dawud) Explanation: In this hadith, emphasis is placed on teaching children religion. Family education is of immense importance in determining the course of a child’s life. It is the duty of parents to teach their children to prepare for the Hereafter. Besides worldly education,they must be provided with religious education. Manners and conducts should be taught. Moreover, if he is taught good deeds, he will be fortunate in this world and the hereafter. And if he is used to do evil deeds, or is despised and ignored,then he will be miserable and destroyed. Salah is the most important act of worship after Iman. It is the responsibility of parents to accustom their children to prayer from childhood. Then he will be careful about the Salah in the future. Rasulullah (SAW) called Salah the distinguishing feature between the believer and the unbeliever. Islam has ordered not only for prayer, but also for the establishment of prayer in the family and society. Parents and guardians should also be careful about prayer. Because children learn by watching the adults. Parents will keep the children next to them during the prayer so that they can imitate them. Just giving advice or ideas is not enough. When they will enough understanding, they should be taken to the mosque. At the age of seven, the child should be taught about prayer by hand. The importance of prayer should be Academic Year 2024 highlighted in front of the child. The evils and punishments of not praying should be described. Events related to Salah should be told to them. Then the children will be motivated to pray. Parents should also keep an eye on whether the child is praying properly or not. Laziness in prayer should be brought under accountability. Parents will also pray for the child 100  Islamic Studies to be careful about the prayer. Up to the age of 10, the parents will try to get the child used to prayer through encouragement. After completing 10 years, the child will be instructed to pray. Even then, if they neglect to pray, be harsh to them. The parents will punish them if necessary. May Allah Ta’ala grant us Tawfiq to raise our children as good and ideal human beings. Teachings: 1. The responsibility of parents is to teach their children morals and ethics along with religious education. 2. Parents themselves should be responsible for prayer. 3. Accustoming the child to prayer from 7 years. If they are not used to prayer from childhood, they will lose interest in prayer later. 4. Beating mildly if they neglect to pray even after completing 10 years. Hadith-2 (Hadith about planting trees) Meaning: If a Muslim plants a tree or cultivates a crop, then humans or birds or quadrupeds eat from it, it will be considered as Sadaqah for him. (Tirmidhi) Explanation In this hadith, the Prophet (peace be upon him) emphasizedthe plantation and crop production. The contribution of green trees and crops to human life is immense. It benefits people in various ways. Humans need food, clothing, and shelter to survive. Trees fulfil our needs directly and indirectly. From trees we get food, medicine, clothing, wood, fruits etc. Besides, the role of trees is also important in protecting the environment. The contribution of trees is also undeniable in protecting natural balance, increasing oxygen supply, preventing Academic Year 2024 climate warming, preventing excessive rain, lack of rain etc. Again the tree also gives us financial solvency. Everything from food to medicine is produced by humans through planting and farming. People do this for their own needs, for themselves. That man is the best of creation is proved through plantation and cultivation. 101  Let’s Learn Quran and Hadith Many of us despise the farming profession as petty. But indeed no task is small. All things done honestly are good. There is no shame in plantations either. Rather, it is a deed of great reward. Planting or growing crops is an activity that not only benefits humans but also animals and other creatures. For this, the Holy Prophet (peace be upon him) declared planting trees and growing crops as sadaqah. Teachings: 1. The Holy Prophet (peace be upon him) encouraged us to plant trees. 2. Planting trees and cultivating crops with the expectation of benefiting created beings is a charity. As long as these survive, the reward will continue to be preserved in the person’s record. 3. People get benefitted financially by planting trees. Environment is protected,and rewards are available in the Hereafter. That is why everyone should take care by sowing seeds and planting trees. 4. Sunnah of the Prophet is to plant trees and cultivate crops. 5. Animals and others also have rights in the fruits and crops produced by humans. 6. Medicinal trees or fruit trees are very beneficial to the environment and people. 7. No activity of a believer goes in vain. 8. Helping others is an important teaching of Islam. Hadith-3: (Hadith regarding the importance of determination or intention at the beginning of work) Meaning: Verily all actions (results thereof) are dependent on intention. (Bukhari) Academic Year 2024 Explanation This hadith is the first hadith of Sahih Bukhari. Its significance is very wide. Everything people do in daily life is dependent on intention. The importance of purpose of work is understood by this hadith. Niyat is an Arabic word. Niyat is the will or determination of the mind. In the terminology of Shari’ah, pure intention is to sincerely intend to work 102  Islamic Studies only for the satisfaction of Allah the Almighty. In Islam, the importance of pure intention is very high. It is important to have a pure intention in everything from Salah, Sawm. Even good deeds are worthless if there is no purity of intention. That act will not be acceptable to Allah. Due to a difference in intentions, even after doing good deeds, one must be cast into the fire of hell. In the Hereafter, all the deeds of people will be accounted for. Who has worked with what intention will be looked into on that day. People will get reward if they work for good purpose. If they work with good intentions, they will be rewarded even if they fail. And if they act with evil intentions, they will be punished. For example, those who do social service for the sake of Allah, their social service will also be performed and they will also receive a reward from Allah. And those who do social service with the intention of showing people, their service will be counted as social service only. They will not get any reward from Allah. Because Allah Ta’ala will not look at people’s faces but will look at their hearts. If the intention is not right, even good deeds will be considered as bad. Showing off is called Riya in Islamic terms. Severe punishment is mentioned about Riya. Rasulullah (peace be upon him) narrated this hadith in a special context. And that is - a woman named Umm Qays accepted Islam and migrated to Medina. Then a person migrated to Medina to marry her. After knowing the intention of that person, Rasulullah (SAW) narrated this hadith the main point of which is that migrating for the sake of Allah Ta’ala is a very virtuous act. The man was deprived of the reward of Hijrah because he did not intend to please Allah. So we will do all the work with pure intention. We will not do anything with the hope of show off or worldly gain. Rather, we will work for the satisfaction of Allah Ta’ala and His Messenger. Teachings: 1. All our work should be for the satisfaction of Allah. 2. The outcome of activities is dependent on intention. If the intention is good, you will get a good reward. And if the intention is bad, even if you do good deeds, you will not be rewarded. 3. Allah Ta’ala observes the state of the heart as well as the outward deeds of man. 4. One should avoid worshiping or performing acts of show off. 5. All deeds will be accounted for after death. Academic Year 2024 6. If the intention is bad, even after doing good deeds, you will be punished in the hereafter. 103  Let’s Learn Quran and Hadith Hadith- 4 : (Hadith regarding love for Rasulullah (SAW) Meaning: None of you will be a true believer until I am dearer to him than his father, his children and all people. (Bukhari) Explanation: In this hadith, the importance of love towards Rasulullah (peace be upon him) has been indicated. Love for Rasulullah (SAW) is a condition of being a true believer. Without love for the Prophet (peace be upon him), it is not possible to follow his ideals. It is impossible to implement his ideals in society without sincere love for Rasulullah (SAW). The demand of Iman is to give priority to the Sunnah of Rasulullah (SAW) in all cases,abandon one’s desires in following Rasulullah (SAW), andthus show love to Nabi (peace be upon him). Therefore, the believers must give proof of the love of Rasulullah (SAW) in all cases. They have to say that they love Rasulullah (SAW) more than anything. Because obedience to Rasulullah (SAW) is the love of Allah. Teachings: 1. The condition of true faith is love for Rasulullah (SAW). 2. Rasulullah (peace be upon him) should be loved more than anyone. 3. It is not possible to attain the love of Allah without the love of Rasulullah. 4. Love for Rasulullah (SAW) is to implement his teachings and ideals in social life. 5. Love for the Holy Prophet (peace be upon him) will be based on belief, faith, knowledge and conscience. Academic Year 2024 6. The Holy Prophet (peace be upon him) should be loved ignoring all loved ones who are against Islamic ideals and beliefs. 104  Islamic Studies Hadith- 5 (Hadith regarding the duty of a believer on another believer) Meaning: A believer has six rights over another believer. He will serve him when he is sick, attend his funeral when he dies, answer his call, greet him when he meets him, respond to him when he sneezes, and seek his welfare at all times in his presence and absence. (Tirmidhi) Explanation Islam has a beautiful combination of rights and duties. Everyone is given their due rights. In Islam, the most importance is given on the rights of others. And believers are brothers to each other. A Muslim brother has six rights over another Muslim brother. The rights are: If a believer is sick, it is the moral duty of another believer to inquire about him, provide nursing care, support him financially and physically, pray for his recovery, etc. It is for all believers, relatives, non-relatives, rich and poor, acquaintances and strangers. Because service to Allah lies in serving the patient. Besides, if a believer dies, he must participate in his funeral. It is not only a moral duty but also a part of faith. Attending funerals and waiting until burial is a very virtuous act. The call of the believer should be answered as best as possible. Especially when a believer calls for a good deed, or calls for rescue from a danger, or calls for food, then it is the duty of the believer to respond to his call. One of the most important acts in Islam is exchanging greetings. Salam is a greeting from Allah Ta’ala to His servant. He will greet the people of paradise. Salam is a very simple and well-wishing greeting for others. Before entering someone’s house, upon arriving at the majlis, one should greet all the people present, young and old, rich and poor. Moreover, the one who greets first is dearer to Allah. Academic Year 2024 If a believer sneezes and says Alhamdulillah (All praise be to Allah),then the listener will say Yarhamukallah (May Allah have mercy on you) in response. After hearing this answer, the sneeze giver will say Yahdikumullahu (May Allah guide you to the right path). If the sneezier does not sneeze and say Alhamdulillah, there is no need to respond. The etiquette of sneezing is to cover the mouth with hands or cloth while 105  Let’s Learn Quran and Hadith sneezing,reduce noise as much as possible. One should seek the welfare of the believer in his presence or absence. Welfare in absence means not wasting his wealth in his absence and safeguarding it if it is wasted. The meaning of seeking welfare in presence is to cooperate with him in all circumstances, not to oppress him, not to let him be oppressed, not to cheat him, to make him aware if there is a fear of being cheated, not to differ with him, etc. Some other responsibilities of a Muslim towards another Muslim are to help him, to hide his faults, to forgive his mistakes, not to harbour any enmity towards him, etc. So every Muslim person should note these things. May Allah Ta’ala grant us all the tawfiq to properly fulfil the rights of other Muslim brothers. Teachings: 1. A believer will serve and help another believer by being beside him during his illness. 2. He will participate in the funeral of a believer, comfort his family and complete his burial. 3. He will always respond to his calls in case of danger. 4. He will circulate Salam among all the believers, known and unknown. 5. He will pray for him after sneezing. 6. He will not do things that harm the believers. Rather, he will wish for his welfare as a whole. Hadith-6 (Hadith related to life after death) Meaning: When a person dies, all his deeds cease,except the three types of activities. Sadaqah Zaria (ongoing charity); that knowledge, by which other people get benefitted; Academic Year 2024 good child, who prays for him. (Muslim) Explanation: All human activities on Earth are preserved. These activities cease with death. However, the three acts continue until Qiyaamah. The beloved Prophet (peace be upon him) has mentioned these three deeds in the mentioned Hadith. The three practices are: 106  Islamic Studies A donation that always benefits humans and animals. The reward of this donation is ongoing. For example, mosques, madrasas, orphanages, inns, hospitals, bridge construction, tree planting, other long-term public welfare works, etc. Knowledge that benefits people. For example, writing Islamic and public welfare books, making discoveries for public welfare, producing good students who will continue to impart knowledge to others, leaving ideals that will continue to inspire people forever, etc. Similarly, leaving well-educated and ideal children, the parents will continue to be benefitted from the good deeds of the child. As long as the child does good deeds, the parents will continue to get rewards from it. Children will continue to pray for their parents. The virtuous child will say, ‘O Allah, my parents showed mercy and compassion to me, nurtured me with love and care in my childhood, you kindly bless them with similar mercy and grace.’ Therefore, those who do ongoing public welfare work, leave useful knowledge and virtuous childrenbehindwill continue to receive rewards even after death. May Allah grant us Tawfiq to do this kind of work. Teachings: 1. With death, the path of human life is closed. Only sadaqah zariah, beneficial knowledge and virtuous children can send rewards to people. 2. In addition to general charity, special importance should be given to sadaqah zariah. Benevolent work is the greatest form of worship. 3. We should spend as much money and talent as possible on permanent welfare and reform works. Then participation in good deeds will continue even after death. 4. The responsibility of parents is to raise their children as honest and ideal people. A child’s duty is to obey his parents,pray for parents after their death. 5. The main goal of all the actions of the believer will be the success of the Hereafter. Academic Year 2024 Writing a Reflective Diary ‘I will enlighten my life with the teaching of Quran-Hadith’ (Write down in 300 words how the teachings of Quran and Hadith will illuminate or brighten your real life in the light of the mentioned title.) 107  Let’s Learn Quran and Hadith Two Hadiths about Prayer Allah is the creator of the universe. He is our Lord. The Most Merciful and Giver. There are infinite blessings with Him. We will ask Allah Ta’ala for the welfare of this world and the hereafter. He will answer when we call. Rasulullah (SAW) taught us the method of asking to Allah. There are many hadiths of the Prophet (peace be upon him) related to prayer. We will learn two hadiths about prayer here. The First Hadith Pronunciation: Allahumma inni a’uzubiqa min munkaratil akhlaq wal a’maal wal ahwa. Meaning: O Allah! I seek refuge to you from bad character, bad deeds and bad habits. (Tirmidhi) The Second Hadith Pronunciation: Allahumma inni asalukal huda was sada-da. Meaning: O Allah! I ask you for guidance and a straight path. (Muslim) The above hadiths are two important prayer hadiths. In the first hadith, prayer is taught for obtaining forgiveness, kindness, guidance, health and sustenance, and in the second hadith for guidance and the straight path. We will learn two hadiths with meaning, pray for Allah’s blessings through two hadiths. Then Allah Ta’ala will grant us the welfare of this world and the hereafter. Gathering for Purely Quran Recitation In the light of the previous sessions of this chapter, you participate in the Qur'an recitation competition purely. Academic Year 2024 108  Islamic Studies Chapter 4 Akhlaq Dear students! You do many things as you go about your daily life, right? But all the things you do are correct or agree with our Islam? We will learn about the importance of character and some good and bad characters in the chapter being discussed here. Akhlaq is the plural form of the Arabic word ‘Khuluqun.’ Khuluqun literally means disposition, character, behaviour, habits etc. Akhlaq refers to both good and bad character. Akhlaq is the integrated form of human nature. Terminologically, all the good or bad behaviour, thoughts, mentality and actions of people in their daily life are collectively called character or Akhlaq. In short, the totality of all human actions and principles is called Akhlaq. So let’s know about Akhlaq in detail... Importance of Akhlaq Akhlaq is the precious resource of human life. Akhlaq is of immense importance in Islam. The better the character of the nation is, the more prosperous the nation becomes. Peace, security, social unity, solidarity, communal harmony are destroyed by the characterless nation and anarchy and unrest spread in the society. The Prophets were Academic Year 2024 of the best character. They taught their nation good character. The Prophet (peace be upon him) said, Meaning: I have been sent for the perfection of good character. (Baihaqi) 109  Akhlaq Good character is the life force of a developed nation. Happiness and peace in this world and the hereafter depends on good character. A person of noble character is good in the eyes of the society as well as dear to Allah the Almighty. The Prophet (peace be upon him) said, Meaning:A person whose character is good is the most beloved to Allah Ta’ala. (Ibn Hibban) Good character leads people to attain Taqwa. And a person of moral character is respected, trusted and loved by all. Everyone comes forward in his distress and he holds a high place of dignity in the society. On the other hand, a person with evil character is hated and condemned by everyone. No one loves him, trusts him, rather they avoid him. No one helps him even in his distress. The more advanced his character is, the more advanced he is. Nabi Karim (PBUH) said, Meaning: Good character is good deeds. (Muslim) Good character is similar to a dress for a believer’s life. People are respected everywhere because of their character. As Rasulullah (SAW) himself possessed good character, he taught mankind to build good character. He enjoined the practice of honest and moral character in order to become a complete believer. Improved character leads people to the perfection of Iman. The Prophet (peace be upon him) said, “He who is the best among them in terms of character has full faith among the believers.” (Tirmidhi) In fact, good character will be a tool for people’s welfare and a means of liberation in the afterlife. And a characterless person indulges in all kinds of vices. He disobeys Allah Ta’ala. Allah does not love him. On the Day of Resurrection, Allah Ta’ala will severely punish the characterless person. The Prophet (peace be upon him) said- Meaning: Evil and violent people will not enter Paradise. (Abu Dawud) A person of good character will be highly respected in the Hereafter. Good character Academic Year 2024 will weigh heavily on the scales. Good character drives people to good deeds. And good deeds wipe away man’s sins. Nabi Karim (SAW) said, ‘Good character melts sins as the heat of the sun melts ice.’ (Baihaqi) We will acquire good character. We will avoid reprehensible nature so that we can be 110  Islamic Studies loved by everyone as a real person. And in the Hereafter, we can get Allah’s Paradise. Single/Individual Activity ‘Knowing in the previous class, the manners which I regularly practice/avoid`’ (You will fill up the prescribed table in the light of the mentioned title and submit it with the parent’s opinion or signature.) The manners we How we have practiced / Guardian’s SL regularly practice or avoided opinion avoid (Yes/No) While talking at school or yes 1 family, I behave politely and Modesty and humility humbly with everyone, big or small. 2 Benefitting others 3 Spreading slander and rumours ৪. Duty to the neighbours ৫. Respect to the elders Some Admirable Characters (Akhlaq-e-Hamidah) The word Hamidah means praiseworthy. Akhlaq-e-Hamidah is a person’s admirable character, beautiful character, good qualities, good character, etc. In Islamic terms, the nature or character that is liked and appreciated by Allah Ta’ala and Rasulullah (SAW) is called Akhlaq-e-Hamidah. In short, the good, beautiful, pure and elegant qualities of human character are called Akhlaq-e-Hamidah. For example, patience, honesty, truthfulness, promise keeping, Academic Year 2024 human service, patriotism, kindness, forgiveness etc. We will learn about tawakkul (dependency), dignity of labour, harmony and equality, good behaviour towards children, responsibilities and duties of children towards parents, dignity and rights of elders and elderly, halal earning and social service. 111  Akhlaq Tawakkul Tawakkul is an Arabic word. It means to depend on, to rely on, to trust etc. In terminology, Tawakkul is to fully rely on Allah Ta’ala in solving any need or problem. Tawakkul, in other words, is putting one’s best effort to achieve good, relying on Allah for the outcome and trusting in destiny. Importance and Virtue of Tawakkul The importance of Tawakkul in Islam is immense. The greater the amount of trust one has in Allah, the greater the success one enjoys. Because success is only in the hands of Allah. There are many instructions in the Quran for attaining the virtue of Tawakkul. Trust in Allah is an essential quality of a believer. Iman increases through complete trust in Allah. Faith is strengthened. This is the condition of Iman. Allah says: Meaning:Allah—there is no ilah ˹worthy of worship˺ except Him. So in Allah let the believers put their trust. (Surah Tabagun, verse: 13) In another verse- Meaning: And rely on Allah, if you are believers. (Surah al-Maida, verse 23) The fruit of tawakkul is very good. If you trust in Allah, your mind will be calm. Peace of mind comes. Because Allah is the King. He is Ever-livingand Mighty. He can do whatever He wants. Allah says- Meaning: Put your trust in the Almighty, Most Merciful. (Surah Shu’ara, verse: 217) Tawakkul is an act of worship. Tawakkul in every work is a must for the believer. A believer will be determined to work,will try his best to get the job done. He will not be disappointed if he is not successful. Because the one who has Tawakkul is never disappointed. He does not lose hope or get panicked in danger. He sees the light of Academic Year 2024 hope in the darkness,believes that Allah is the sole owner of benefit and harm. He has firm trust in Allah Ta’ala at all times. This is the highest stage of Tawakkul. Allah says: 112  Islamic Studies Meaning:Once you make a decision, put your trust in Allah. Surely Allah loves those who trust in Him. (Surah Al-Imran, verse: 159) Many virtues and benefits of tawakkul are described in Quran and Hadith. If one puts hundred percentage of his trust in Allah, then Allah is sufficient for him. He gains success in this world and hereafter. And Allah Ta’ala becomes responsible for his sustenance. Rasulullah (SAW) said, ‘If you were truly dependent on Allah Ta’ala, then you would have been provided with sustenance in the same way as birds are provided with sustenance. They go out empty-handed in the morning and come back full in the evening.’ (Tirmidhi) Methods of Tawakkul Tawakkul doesn’t mean sitting back and trusting in Allah without making an effort. Allah Ta’ala has made the world the centre of life materials. So the materials of life must be accepted. It is not against Tawakkul to adopt Shari’ah backed supplies. Rather, our duty is to try and the responsibility of Allah is to bless us with perfection. There is a story about this in the hadith. Once a Bedouin came to the place of Rasulullah (SAW). Rasulullah (peace be upon him) asked him, ‘Where have you left your vehicle or camel? The Bedouin companion said, ‘O Messenger of Allah! I left it open outside the mosque and put my trust in Allah. Allah will see my camel. Then Rasulullah (SAW) said, ‘Tie your camel first, then put your trust in Allah.’ (Tirmidhi) From this, it can be understood that after full effort one should trust in Allah Ta’ala. Finally, Tawakkul is an important part of Tawheed. Allah the Great is the Almighty and the sole owner of all benefits and harms. So we will always trust in Allah. Halal Earnings Halal earning is an important worship in the life of a believer. As a result of halal earning, people’s thoughts and actions become pure. Manners and character become beautiful. Purification of heartgets flourished. It helps to become religious. Halal is an Arabic word. It means lawful and holy. Generally, the matter permitted by Academic Year 2024 Shariah is called Halal. And earnings are wages and income. So halal earnings means lawful earnings, legitimate earnings, valid earnings etc. In terminology, earning income in a manner approved by Islamic Shariah is called halal earnings. In other words, earning according to the principles of Quran and Sunnah in the way given by Allah Ta’ala and guided by Rasulullah (SAW) is called halal earnings. 113  Akhlaq Importance and Necessity of Halal Earning Peace and security of individual, family and society depend on halal earning. Therefore, the importance of halal earning in human life is immense. Allah Ta’ala has ordered people to take halal livelihood. Allah Ta’ala’s instructions can be obeyed by taking halal livelihood. Halal earnings is the most important obligatory act of worship after Iman. Rasulullah (SAW) said, ‘Earning a halal livelihood is another obligatory act after the obligatory worship.’ (Baihaqi) The prerequisite for the acceptance of worship is to have halal livelihood. Therefore, it is important to eat halal livelihood for concentration and devotion in worship. Allah says: Meaning:O humanity! Eat from what is lawful and good on the earth and do not follow Satan’s footsteps. He is truly your sworn enemy. (Surah Al-Baqarah, Verse: 168) Halal earnings motivates people to work, prevents from forbidden and sinful actions, hinders from immoral thoughts and actions,encourages a clean and holy life. As a result, it has a positive impact on the society. Halal earning is the Sunnah of Prophets and Messengers. Prophets and Messengers earned in lawful ways. They ordered their Ummahs to earn in halal ways. Because the food that is earned through physicallabour is the best food. The Prophet (peace be upon him) said- Meaning: No one eats food better than food earned by one’s own hands. (Bukhari) The halal earner is loved by Allah Ta’ala, friend of Allah. Allah Ta’ala will reward them. Obedience to Almighty Allah and Rasulullah (SAW) is done through Halal earnings. Therefore, those who earn in lawful ways are given the status of fighters in the path of Allah. Rasulullah (SAW) said, ‘He who earns halal for his family is like a fighter in the Academic Year 2024 way of Allah.’ (Ibn Majah) In addition to jobs, people establish businesses and various types of organizations for the purpose of halal earnings. As a result, self-employment is created. National development and prosperity is ensured. Not only that, the halal earner becomes a worker. That is why the Prophet (peace be upon him) said, “Allah loves a skilled craftsman.” 114  Islamic Studies As a result of halal earnings, people have love about money and wealth. So they do not spend money in vain and sinful activities. It removes financial injustice and wastage from the society. Corruption is eradicated. The thought of illegal and extortion is removed. One does not even think of eating other people’s wealth unjustly. As a result, irregularities and corruption are reduced everywhere in the society. People enjoy their earnings freely. His heart and mind becomes exhilarated in tranquillity. Halal earnings is an important issue. The body or generation raised by ill-gotten wealth will be the fuel of Hell. It will destroy the life of people in the world. The lives of their families will be ruined. There is also punishment in the hereafter. Therefore, it is necessary for everyone to engage in halal earnings. Ways of Halal Earnings: One can earn halal through work by avoiding forbidden and haram methods. For example, through physicallabour i.e. farming, trade and job. However, in the case of physical labour, it is not halal if deception is there in work, if the work is not done properly, if the method is contrary to the prescribed one. No one can encroach on other’s land or harm others in agriculture. Haram things cannot be traded in business. Again, if you resort to lies in business, if you make more or less measurements, if you resort to fraud and deception, if you do syndicates and hoarding, the business will not be halal. Earnings will not be halal if the duties assigned to the job are not performed properly. Also halal earnings can be made by nursery and tree planting, fish farming, cattle rearing, poultry farming,setting up small or big cottage industries etc. In general, there is no alternative to earning a halal income as a Muslim. If every person tries to earn halal, a pure and clean society will be developed. This will prevent financial lawlessness and rampant wastage in individual and social life. And human body, mind and spirit will improve. They will get welfare in this world and liberation in the hereafter. Pair work “Identify the practices or applications of tawakkul and halal earnings in Academic Year 2024 daily life” (Present posters/papers in pairs as directed by the teacher 115  Akhlaq Dignity of Labour Panel Discussion According to the teacher's instructions, you present the panel discussion in the light of the specific content. Using physical and intellectual energy in the performance of work is called labour. Again, the spending of all kinds of physical and mental energy engaged in the welfare of humanity, moral development, service and production of creation is called labour. Even today, people are bringing about movement for the establishment of dignity of labour in the world. They are levying lives. But about fourteen and a half hundred years ago, Islam confirmed the dignity of labour. The prophets and messengers spent labour to earn their living. Rasulullah (SAW) and his Companions also took up various professions to earn a living. They hated earning without labour. In fact, it is through labour that happiness comes in human life. Dignity of Labour The dignity of labour in Islam is unparalleled. Because labour is the key to all development and production. The more industrious the nation is, the more advanced the nation is. Labour is an invaluable power and resource given by Allah to mankind. Allah Ta’ala said about this- Meaning: Indeed, We have created humankind in constant struggle. (Surah Balad, verse 4) There is no discrimination between owner and worker in Islam. The owner provides capital and the worker provides labour. The worker belongs to the owner’s family. Islam has recognized the worker as a ‘brother’. Rasulullah (SAW) said, “Your slaves are your brothers.” Allah has made them subject to you. So if someone’s brother is under him, then let him eat from what he eats, and let him wear from what he wears.’ (Bukhari) Rasulullah (peace be upon him) himself used to sit and eat with the workers. Spending labour or working is the Sunnah of the Prophets. Every prophet has done some Academic Year 2024 works in life. They taught the ummah the dignity of labour by working. For example, Adam (AS) used to earn his living by farming. Beside this, Hawa (AS) assisted Adam (AS) by weaving cloth, sewing and building agricultural machinery. Nuh (AS.) knew working of wood; Dawood (AS) made armour; Idris (AS) worked as a tailor; Shuaib (AS) and Saleh (AS) traded and Musa (AS) grazed sheep. Rasulullah (SAW) said, 116  Islamic Studies ‘Allah has not sent any prophet in the world who did not graze goats and sheep.’ Then the Companions asked, ‘O Messenger (peace be upon him) you too? Rasulullah (peace be upon him) said, ‘Yes! I also grazed the goats and sheep of the people of Makkah in exchange for wages.’ (Bukhari) Our Prophet (peace be upon him) used to earn his living by working hard. The Companions also followed the footsteps of the Prophet (peace be upon him). For example, Abu Bakr (RA), Omar (RA) and Osman (RA) did business. Ali (RA) used to draw water from wells by bartering. Khabbab (RA) was a blacksmith. Abdullah Ibn Masood (RA) used to graze sheep and goats. The Ansars (those who helped our Prophet in Madinah during emigration) were generally engaged in agriculture. And the emigrants used to run trade and commerce. The Prophet (peace be upon him) used to encourage all activities equally. Allah Ta’ala loves perfection and perfectly done work. Because the best workers are those who are strong and responsible. Hell is forbidden for such workers. It is mentioned in the hadith that Sa’d (RA) used to work as a blacksmith. Both his hands became discolouredbecause of working with the hammer. One day he shook hands with the Prophet (peace be upon him). Then the Prophet (peace be upon him) asked Saad (RA) about the condition of the hand. He said, this happened while working with hammer. The Prophet (peace be upon him) kissed his hand and said, ‘Fire will never touch this hand.’ (Bukhari) Labour is very important in Islam. Providing physicallabour is a good job. Physicallabour creates unique joy in human mind. It increases self-confidence,reduces dependence on others. Self-earned livelihood is the best livelihood. Rasulullah (SAW) said, ‘There is no better food than this, which people eat by earning with their own hands.’ (Bukhari) Allah Ta’ala has honoured humans as children of Adam. So there is no caste discrimination in Islam. No form of labour is worthless in the eyes of Islam. Every labour is dignified. And no profession is hated. Rather, hard work is the best. Rasulullah (SAW) describes the status of a hardworking person and says- Meaning: Workers are friends of Allah. (Kanjul Ummal) Begging is the worst practice in Islam. Whoever begs without doing any work, will appear on the Day of Resurrection with a fleshless face. And if labour is given, people don’t have to go from door to door for help. So exchanginglabour is better than begging. The Holy Academic Year 2024 Prophet (peace be upon him) said, ‘It is better to go to the forest with a rope and carry firewood on your shoulder and earn a living with it than to beg from others.’ (Bukhari) Labour is an essential thing in our life. Allah Ta’ala has compared labour to blessings. Because we earn money through labour,fulfil the basic needs of life. That is why Allah Ta’ala ordered the spending of labour at the end of worship. He said, ‘Once the prayer 117  Akhlaq is over, disperse throughout the land and seek the bounty of Allah. And remember Allah often so you may be successful.’ (Surah Jumu’ah, verse: 10) But we should not forget Allah while doing work. Islam has declared war on laziness. Satan deceives a lazy mind more. Labour keeps people away from useless and immoral activities. The dignity of the servant’s labour is very high in the sight of Allah. Because this world is the harvest field of the Hereafter. And the success of the hereafter can be achieved only through labour. So we will respect any kind of labour and profession. We ourselves will be diligent for the satisfaction of Allah. Social Service Humans are social creatures. It is human instinct to live socially. So mutual help and cooperation is very important in social life. Human service and social service is one of the goals of Islam. Islam and social service are closely related to each other. And Islam inspires people to help each other for the welfare of others. Almighty Allah says: Meaning: Cooperate with one another in goodness and righteousness, and do not cooperate in sin and transgression. (Surah Al-Mayda, verse: 2). There is no alternative to living socially. People live all their lives standing next to each other. So the work undertaken voluntarily for the welfare of the deprived people of the society is called social service. In broad sense, all programs undertaken for human welfare and development are known as social service. Usually though the service activities undertaken for the welfare of the deprived people of the society is called social service, but we call it social service to help the people of the society, to work for the betterment of the society and the country. According to the definition of the United Nations, ‘Social service is the sum of activities undertaken and organized with the aim of promoting harmony between the individual and his environment.’ The scope of social service in Islam is very wide. For example, social services include treating and serving patients, providing care and assistance to disaster-affected people, arranging jobs for unemployed people, providing food to hungry people, quenching the thirst of thirsty people, giving clothes to the clothless, financial assistance and support to the needy and poor, rehabilitation of homele