Islam: The Muslim World (600-1250) PDF

Islam The Muslim World 600 - 1250 http://www.yourchildlearns.com/middle_east_map.htm The Rise Of Islam  the Arabian Peninsula  crossroads of 3 continents: Africa, Europe, Asia  small fertile area south, otherwise desert region with oases ...

Islam The Muslim World 600 - 1250 http://www.yourchildlearns.com/middle_east_map.htm The Rise Of Islam  the Arabian Peninsula  crossroads of 3 continents: Africa, Europe, Asia  small fertile area south, otherwise desert region with oases  The Bedouins  nomadic herders - lived in the desert ◼ organized into tribe and clans ◼ clans provided security and support  proud of their ability to adapt to desert conditions and to defend themselves ◼ became the core of the armies ◼ some later settled down as farmers on oases or as town dwellers  Bedouin ideals  courage  loyalty to family  warrior skills  their ideals would become part of the Islamic way of life  trade routes  connected Arabia to major oceans and land routes Products traded  Spices  incense  information  ideas Major Cities were centers of trade  Petra  Palmyra  Mecca  Mecca was considered a religious center  Mecca becomes an important trade and pilgrimage center.  Pilgrims came on trade caravans to visit the Ka’aba. Monotheism  The belief in one God  Many Christians and Jews lived in Arabs lands (hanifs) and practices monotheism  How Muhammad became the Prophet  Muhammad was born into the mixed religious environment of Mecca  He became a trader  At the age of 40, while in prayer, Muhammad heard the voice of the angel Gabriel who told him he would be a messenger of God In Mecca Muhammad became a religious and political leader  Muhammad gains converts by teaching that Allah is the one and only God. Muhammad is his last prophet  Many Bedouin tribes converted. The Hijrah  Many people in Mecca were afraid that Mecca would not longer be a center of pilgrimage if people accepted Muhammad's monotheism  Because of the hostility, Muhammad and his followers left Mecca and settled in Yathrib  Yathrib was later renamed Medina (the city of the prophet) Muhammad unified Arabia Under Islam  Muhammad and his growing army of Bedouin followers take control of Mecca  They go on to unify much of Arabia under Islam Beliefs of Islam  there is only one God, Allah  There is good and evil and each individual is responsible for the actions in his/her life  Muhammad is the messenger of Allah  All believers must carry out the Five pillars: The Five Pillars  Faith  Prayer  Alms  fasting  Pilgrimage (hajj) to Mecca Similarities and differences between the basic beliefs of Jews, Christians & Muslims All believe:  one God - monotheistic  Abraham was a prophet Jews and Christians believe:  Old testament  10 commandments Jews and Muslims believe:  Jesus was a prophet Muslims believe:  Muhammad is the final prophet  Qur'an is final word of God Jews believe:  still waiting for Messiah Christians believe:  Jesus is son of God, the messiah  New testament also Assignment  Make a Venn diagram showing the similarities and differences between the basic beliefs of Jews, Christians and Muslims Venn diagram Muslims believe Christians Jews and and Muslims Muslims believe believe All believe Christians believe Jews believe Christians and Jews believe The Spread of Islam Muhammad's successors spread Islam  Muhammad's early successors  defended and expanded Islam Many conquered people choose to convert to Islam.  conquered by force (convert or die) Muslim lands split among rival groups  Muslims controlled areas of 3 continents  Abbasids took power in 750 and ruled for 500 years  An Umayyad prince set up a Muslim dynasty in Spain  The Abbasids served as the main religious authority but lost some political control over the vast empire to independent Muslim states  Independent Muslim states sprang up.  Local leaders dominated smaller areas  The Muslin trade network crisscrossed the empire and extended as far as China in the east and below the Sahara in the south The factors that helped hold the Muslim Empire together  Religion  Language  trade  the economy The factors that threatened to break up the Muslim Empire  rise of independent Muslim states  dominance of smaller regions by local leaders Map of the Spread of Islam Expansion of Islam cause and effect chart Muslim Achievement Muslim society during the Abbasid caliphate Four classes of Muslim society ◼ upper - Muslims from birth - lower taxes ◼ converts - higher taxes than upper class ◼ "protected peoples‘” included Christians, and Jews -higher taxes ◼ slaves - many were prisoners of war. all were non-Muslim. most did household work or fought in military  Women in Muslim Society  Women have a limited but vital role in Muslim society - more rights than European women of the time  Muslims worked to preserve scientific learning  M. and later Muslim leaders supported scholarship  Muslims preserved knowledge that might otherwise have been lost after the fall of Rome  Muslim advances in science and the arts  Medical - cleaner air, Comprehensive Book, Treatise on Smallpox and Measles  Math and Science - reliance on scientific observation and experimentation  ability to find mathematical solutions to old problems  al-jabr = algebra  astronomy and optics -> telescopes and microscopes Muslim advances continued  philosophy - tried to harmonize Islam with Greek philosophers  literature, poetry, fairy tales, parables and legends  The Thousand and One Nights stories of Aladdin, Ali Baba and Sindbad the Sailor  calligraphy  architecture