Grade 9 History Mid-Term Study Guide PDF

A black and white logo Description automatically generated **Mid-Term Study Guide** **Grade 9 History** Textbook (Printed Booklet) Sections: +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | ***The Muslim World*** | +======...

A black and white logo Description automatically generated **Mid-Term Study Guide** **Grade 9 History** Textbook (Printed Booklet) Sections: +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | ***The Muslim World*** | +=======================================================================+ | 1. **The Rise of Islam ** | | | | - Origins of Islam  | | | | | | | | - Life of Prophet Muhammad  | | | | - The message of Islam: Tawhid (oneness of God)  | | | | - The Five Pillars of Islam  | | | | | | | | - Spread of Islam after Muhammad's death  | | | | | | | | - The Rashidun Caliphate (632-661)  | | | | - The Umayyad Caliphate (661-750)  | | | | - The Abbasid Caliphate (750-1258)  | | | | | | | | - Key Concepts:  | | | | | | | | - The Qur\'an  | | | | - The Hadith  | | | | - Jihad (Struggle for faith)  | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | 2. **Islam Expands ** | | | | - Expansion under the Caliphates  | | | | | | | | - Military conquest and territorial expansion  | | | | - Trade routes and cultural diffusion  | | | | - The role of Arabic language and Islam as a unifying force  | | | | | | | | - Islamic Golden Age (750-1258)  | | | | | | | | - Achievements in science, medicine, mathematics, and architecture  | | | | - Notable figures: Al-Khwarizmi, Avicenna, Al-Razi  | | | | | | | | - Spread of Islam to Africa, Asia, and Europe  | | | | | | | | - The spread through trade, missionary work, and conquest  | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | 3. **Muslim Cultures ** | | | | - Art and Architecture  | | | | | | | | - The Dome of the Rock, Alhambra, and other architectural | | masterpieces  | | | | - Islamic calligraphy and geometric designs  | | | | | | | | - Intellectual Contributions  | | | | | | | | - Preservation and expansion of ancient knowledge  | | | | - Advances in literature, philosophy, and the sciences  | | | | | | | | - Social Structure and Family Life  | | | | | | | | - The role of women in society (varies by region and period)  | | | | - The importance of scholars, merchants, and the military  | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | ***The Muslim World Expands: The Ottomans and Safavids*** | +=======================================================================+ | 1. **The Ottoman Empire: A Vast Empire ** | | | | - Foundation and Rise  | | | | | | | | - Osman I and the founding of the Ottoman Empire (1299)  | | | | - Expansion under Suleiman the Magnificent  | | | | | | | | - Structure and Administration  | | | | | | | | - Janissaries: The elite military force  | | | | - The role of the sultan and the viziers  | | | | - Millets and religious tolerance  | | | | | | | | - Key Achievements  | | | | | | | | - The conquest of Constantinople (1453) and its significance  | | | | - Architectural and cultural achievements (e.g., the Blue Mosque)  | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | 2. **Culture Blending in the Ottoman Empire ** | | | | - Cultural Synthesis  | | | | | | | | - Interaction with Byzantine, Persian, and Arab cultures  | | | | - Ottoman art, architecture, and cuisine  | | | | | | | | - Religious Tolerance and Diversity  | | | | | | | | - Integration of different ethnicities and religious communities  | | | | - The role of Islam, Christianity, and Judaism in Ottoman society  | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | 3. **The Safavid Empire: A Major Power in Persia ** | | | | - Foundation and Early Development  | | | | | | | | - Shah Ismail I and the establishment of Shiite Islam as the state | | religion  | | | | | | | | - Key Figures and Expansion  | | | | | | | | - Shah Abbas the Great (1588--1629) and the empire\'s peak  | | | | - Military, administrative, and cultural reforms  | | | | | | | | - Safavid Culture  | | | | | | | | - Persian art, poetry, and the role of Shi\'a Islam in culture  | | | | - Architecture: The role of Isfahan as a cultural hub  | | | | - Relations with the Ottoman Empire and the Mughal Empire  | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | ***The Americas: Civilizations Before European Contact*** | +=======================================================================+ | 1. **The Maya Civilization: Kings and Cities ** | | | | - Maya Society and Government  | | | | | | | | - Role of the king (Ahau) and the structure of Maya cities  | | | | - Theocracy and religious influence on politics  | | | | | | | | - Maya Achievements  | | | | | | | | - Advances in astronomy, mathematics (Maya calendar), and writing | | (hieroglyphs)  | | | | - Architecture: Pyramids, temples, and city planning (e.g., Tikal, | | Chichen Itza)  | | | | | | | | - Decline of the Maya Civilization  | | | | | | | | - Theories on the collapse of the Classic Maya period (900 CE)  | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ **[Vocabulary / Key Terms to focus on:]** 1. ***Prophet Muhammad*** *Definition: The founder of Islam, considered by Muslims to be the last prophet sent by God to guide humanity.* 2. ***Tawhid*** *Definition: The concept of the oneness of God in Islam, emphasizing that God (Allah) is singular and unique.* 3. ***The Five Pillars of Islam*** *Definition: The five basic acts of worship and practice that are central to a Muslim\'s faith and actions: Shahada (faith), Salat (prayer), Zakat (charity), Sawm (fasting during Ramadan), and Hajj (pilgrimage to Mecca).* 4. ***The Qur\'an*** *Definition: The holy book of Islam, considered the literal word of God as revealed to Prophet Muhammad.* 5. ***The Hadith*** *Definition: A collection of sayings, actions, and traditions of Prophet Muhammad, which serve as a guide to behavior and Islamic law.* 6. ***Jihad*** *Definition: Literally \"struggle\" or \"striving.\" In Islamic context, it refers to the struggle for faith, which can be both spiritual (inner struggle against sin) and physical (defense of the Muslim community).* 7. ***Caliphates*** *Definition: Islamic states led by a caliph, the political and religious leader considered to be the successor of Prophet Muhammad.* 8. ***Military Conquest*** *Definition: The act of using armed forces to gain control over new territories or regions, a key method of Islamic expansion during the early caliphates.* 9. ***Territorial Expansion*** *Definition: The growth of an empire\'s land through conquest, colonization, or diplomacy.* 10. ***Trade Routes*** *Definition: Established paths used for the exchange of goods, which helped spread Islam and culture through regions like Africa, Asia, and Europe.* 11. ***Cultural Diffusion*** *Definition: The spread of cultural beliefs, practices, and technologies across regions, which occurred as a result of trade and Islamic expansion.* 12. ***Arabic Language*** *Definition: The language of the Qur\'an and a unifying force in the Islamic world, spreading across regions with the rise of Islam.* 13. ***Islamic Golden Age*** *Definition: A period of cultural, scientific, and intellectual flourishing in the Islamic world, marked by advancements in medicine, mathematics, astronomy, and philosophy.* 14. ***Al-Khwarizmi*** *Definition: A Muslim mathematician and scholar who contributed significantly to algebra, as well as introduced the concept of zero.* 15. ***Al-Razi*** *Definition: A Persian physician and chemist known for his work in medicine, including the development of treatments for smallpox and other diseases.* 16. ***Calligraphy*** *Definition: Artistic handwriting, especially the decorative writing of the Qur\'an and other Islamic texts, considered an important form of art in Islamic culture.* 17. ***Theocracy*** *Definition: A system of government in which priests or religious leaders rule in the name of God. In some Islamic empires, rulers were seen as divinely appointed.* 18. ***Scholars*** *Definition: Individuals who study and preserve knowledge, particularly in fields such as science, law, literature, and theology, who played a key role in the intellectual life of Islamic societies.* 19. ***Merchants*** *Definition: Traders or business people who were instrumental in spreading Islam and facilitating cultural exchange across regions through their trade routes.* 20. ***Military*** *Definition: The armed forces, which in the Islamic empires were key to both territorial expansion and the defense of Islamic society.* Part One - Multiple Choice: =========================== 2. **Part Two -- Matching:** Part Three - Short Answer Questions: ==================================== - Students must attempt all questions. - Students must check their work carefully upon completion. - Students will have two hours to complete parts 1, 2 & 3. - At the beginning of each section a suggested time frame will be given -- this is a guide only to help students manage their time effectively. - Come to your exam prepared and **on time.** Please note that in case there are some changes, I will upload the updates. =========================================================================== Good Luck