Introduction to Eating Behaviour PDF

Introduction to Eating Behaviour Dr Lee Ching Li [email protected] Food Environment and Eating Behaviour NDT 2126  Lesson Outcomes At the end of this session, you should be able to: Describe the concept of eating and eating...

Introduction to Eating Behaviour Dr Lee Ching Li [email protected] Food Environment and Eating Behaviour NDT 2126  Lesson Outcomes At the end of this session, you should be able to: Describe the concept of eating and eating behaviours Describe the importance of eating and eating behaviours in disease prevention and health promotion  Lesson Outcomes At the end of this session, you should be able to: Describe the concept of eating and eating behaviours Describe the importance of eating and eating behaviours in disease prevention and health promotion What does eating mean to you?  Definitions Eating – Ingestion of food; putting food in the mouth, chewing, swallowing Biological process A physiological need as eating provides energy for living organisms to grow and survive A complex process that involves the brain and other parts of the body.  Definitions Behaviour – the way in which one acts or conducts oneself, especially towards others (Oxford Dictionary) Eating behaviour – a broad term that encompasses food choice and motives, feeding practices, dieting, and eating-related problems such as obesity, eating disorders, and feeding disorders. An environmental phenomenon affecting the dietary preferences and food induced hedonic effect. Factors that influence eating behaviour can be external to self and internal to self  Understanding eating behaviour Why do people eat what they eat? Several approaches to understand eating behaviour  Understanding eating behaviour – developmental model Emphasizes the impact of learning through exposure, social learning, and associative learning Exposure Human beings show a fear and avoidance of novel food: ‘neophobia’ Young children will show ‘neophobia’, but will learn to accept and eat foods 8 – 10 exposures necessary before food preference shift Do we learn which food is safe through exposure?  Understanding eating behaviour – developmental model Emphasizes the impact of learning through exposure, social learning, and associative learning Social learning New behaviors can be acquired by observing and imitating others Social learning (copying) begins when a person has the attentional resources, an ability to retrieve memory, body’s motor control and motivation, to copy a particular person Observational learning or modeling Parental modeling - parental attitudes to food and food choices Peer modeling Television and advertising  Understanding eating behaviour – developmental model Emphasizes the impact of learning through exposure, social learning, and associative learning Associative learning Behaviour can be modified or learned based on a stimulus and a response We are predisposed to learning preference by associating foods with the context and consequences of eating them (Birch, 1999) Rewarding food choice E.g.- If you eat vegetables, we will go to the playground Food as the reward E.g.- If you get an A for your exams, we will celebrate at your favourite restaurant Food and physiological consequences E.g.- I ate something spicy and my mouth hurts. I don’t like spicy food.  Understanding eating behaviour – cognitive model of food choice Emphasizes food choice as the end-product of an individual’s cognitions and explores the extent to which cognition predicts and explains behaviour Health Belief Model  Understanding eating behaviour – cognitive model of food choice Emphasizes food choice as the end-product of an individual’s cognitions and explores the extent to which cognition predicts and explains behaviour  Understanding eating behaviour – psychophysiological model Emphasizes on chemical senses, the impact of psychopharmacological drugs and neurochemicals on hunger and satiety, and the relationships between stress and eating Chemical senses: food appearance and food flavour (smell, taste, spiciness, temperature, texture) Psychopharmacological drugs and neurochemicals: impact of druges on food choice, hunger and satiety E.g.- Nicotine and decrease in food intake, anti-psychotics and weight gain, antidepressants and food cravings, appetite suppressants and reduction in appetite Stress and eating  Understanding eating behaviour – bio-psycho-social-spiritual model Acknowledges the interaction between physical, psychological, social, and spiritual aspects to patient care and patient well-being E.g.- Enjoying a nutrient dense meal with friends/family while exchanging smiles, laughter and kindness, this following a prayer before the meal (bio, psycho, social, spiritual).  Does the developmental model, cognitive model of food choice, psychophysiological model, or bio- psycho-social-spiritual model help you better understand how you eat?  Lesson Outcomes At the end of this session, you should be able to: Describe the concept of eating and eating behaviours Describe the importance of eating and eating behaviours in disease prevention and health promotion  Eating behaviour and health Diet plays a key role in human health and disease prevention. Personal dietary choices involve: What nutrient is consumed E.g.- Macronutrients, micronutrients, phytonutrients What food is consumed E.g.- Food groups, ultra-processed food, organic food, plant-based diet Why, how, under what circumstances food is consumed E.g- Mediterannean Diet, Blue Zone  Eating behaviour and health Understanding eating behaviour helps us observe the complexity of socio- behavioural, economic, environmental, and cultural determinants of the human diet. Many factors influence eating habits and it is important to understand how changes in those factors can affect the human diet, and health.  Eating behaviour and health Obesity System Atlas A visual map of all the relevant factors and their interdependencies that determine the condition of obesity for an individual or a group of people Obesity System Atlas Seven key subsystems Physiology or biology Individual activity Physical activity environment Food consumption Food production Individual psychology Social influences Why does a dietitian need to understand eating behaviour?  Lesson Outcomes Are you able to: Describe the concept of eating and eating behaviours? Describe the importance of eating and eating behaviours in disease prevention and health promotion?