Introduction to Biology PDF

WEEK 1 Early and Modern Discoveries in Biology Prepared by Ms. Rose Meryl C. Sengco Objectives At the end of the lesson, you are expected to: identify the branches of biology; trace the significant history of early and modern discoveries in...

WEEK 1 Early and Modern Discoveries in Biology Prepared by Ms. Rose Meryl C. Sengco Objectives At the end of the lesson, you are expected to: identify the branches of biology; trace the significant history of early and modern discoveries in biology; and appreciate biology in daily lives.  BIOLOGY The word biology is derived from the Greek words “bios”, means “life” and “logos” meaning “study.” A branch of science that deals with living organisms.  ificant History in Sign BIOLOGY ARISTOTLE He is a famous Greek Philosopher He is regarded as the Father of Biology and also known as the Father of Zoology He widely studied all the aspects of life and its origin, including animal and plant classification. HIPPOCRATES He is the Greek father of medicine The first person to believe that diseases were caused naturally, not because of superstitions and Gods. Hippocratic Oath for doctors (part of his life-long legacy) CLAUDIUS GALEN Claudius Galen, a Greek physician, described the anatomy of the human body by dissecting apes and pigs. His most contributions were in anatomy. He showed that arteries carry blood, not air, as had been taught for 400 years. ANDREAS VESALIUS He is known as the Father of Anatomy He made the first studies on human anatomy by dissecting corpses. He wrote one of the most influential books in human anatomy, titled “De Humani Corposis Fabrica.” WILLIAM HARVEY An English physician who was the first person to describe the circulation of blood in the body. By observing the notion of the heart, he discovered the function of the heart and circulation of blood. MARCELO MALPIGHI An Italian physician and anatomist. In 1661, he discovered the capillaries, shedding light to the element in Harvey’s theory of blood circulation. He observed the microscopic components of liver, brain, kidney, and etc. ANTON VAN LEEUWENHOEK He discovered the microscopic life. He was the first to discover and describe microorganisms, including bacteria, protists, sperm cells, and blood cells. Father of microbiology CAROLUS LINNAEUS He is known as the Father of Taxonomy He was the scientist who initially gave the binomial system of nomenclature. It is the biological system of classifying and naming organisms based to their characteristics. CHARLES DARWIN He is considered as the Father of Evolution His book “Origin of Species” (1859) present the theory of evolution by natural selection. His work provided a unifying organizing framework for the field of biology. GREGOR MENDEL The Father of Genetics He discovered how traits are passed from one generation to the next by experimenting on garden peas (Pisum sativum) Mendel developed three principles of inheritance that described the transmission of genetic traits. JOSEPH LISTER He is known as the Father of Aseptic Surgery In 1865, Lister found a way to prevent infections in wound during and after surgery. He promoted the idea of sterilization in surgery using carbolic acid (phenol). ALEXANDER FLEMING In 1928, Alexander Fleming accidentally discovered the first antibiotic called Penicillin. After this discovery, antibiotics were introduced to reduce infections. SALK and SABIN In 1955, Jonas Edward Salk discovered the first effective vaccine injection for polio. In 1959, Albert Bruce Sabin developed oral polio vaccine. WATSON and CRICK In 1953, James Watson and Francis Crick discovered the double helix structure of DNA B R A N C H E S O F B i o l o g y -MUM  ANATOMY This branch focuses on the study of the internal structure of living things and their parts. -OTS -LK  BOTANY The scientific study of plants, including their structure, growth, and reproduction. -OK -NIE  CYTOLOGY The branch of biology that deals with the study of the structure and functions of cells. -PICCO  ECOLOGY The study of organisms and how they interact with the environment around them.  EVOLUTION The study of how organisms have changed over time. -S  GENETICS The study of genes, genetic variation, and heredity in living organisms. -TORY -W -RAFFE  HISTOLOGY The branch of biology that focuses on the study of tissues. -SCOPE -N  MICROBIOLOGY The study of living organisms at microscopic level. -SE -MOM  TAXONOMY The study of the classification and naming of living things. -VE  ZOOLOGY The scientific study of animals.