Introduction to Microbiology Lecture Notes PDF

INTRODUCTION TO MICROBIOLOGY Dr. Mohammad Hassan  What is microbiology ?  History of microbiology ?  Branches of microbiology ?  Application of microbiology ? What is microbiology?  The science that studies very small living things they cannot be seen with the naked eye.  derived it...

INTRODUCTION TO MICROBIOLOGY Dr. Mohammad Hassan  What is microbiology ?  History of microbiology ?  Branches of microbiology ?  Application of microbiology ? What is microbiology?  The science that studies very small living things they cannot be seen with the naked eye.  derived its name from three Greek words: 1- micros “small”, 2- bios “life”, 3- logos “science”.  Usually requires a magnification tool – the microscope Characteristics of microorganisms Their size is very small (cannot be seen with the naked eye) They are unicellular (one cell is capable of performing all the functions) Present everywhere 1. on the bodies of animals and humans 2. on plant surfaces 3. in the air, water, dust, soil 4. Inside the intestinal of insects, birds, animals and human.  Brief History of Microbiology  Humans realized that microbes were linked to disease long time ago and could be developed from none living material (Spontaneous generation)  Several scientist contributed to the discovery of microorganisms.  Antony van Leeuwenhoek (1632) Fathers of microbiology Made the first useful microscopes (optical lenses)  Robert Hooke (1665) see and draw details of the structure of plant cells and some microbes.  Paul Ehrlich Synthesized the first successful (but very toxic) drug against a disease (syphilis-disease)  Gerhardt Domagk developed the first useful drug against a variety of bacterial infections, the first sulfa drug  Robert Koch and his colleagues Developed technique (solid media) for obtaining pure culture of colonies of bacteria and fungi  Sir Alexander Fleming (1881) ✓ discovered the first relatively safe and effective antibiotics isolated from microorganisms (Penicillin)  Waksman (1888) ✓ discovered streptomycin and a number of others antibiotics.  Louis Pasteur (1822) demonstrated that microorganisms are present in the air ✓ Nutrient broth proved in flask heated and not sealed (microbial growth) ✓ Nutrient broth proved in flask heated and sealed (no microbial growth)  Branches of microbiology Bacteriology Mycology Phycology Parasitology Virology Immunology  Microbes = disease ??  When think of microbial organisms we immediately think of disease Majority of microorganisms are beneficial to use Of all known species of bacteria 87% are beneficial 10 % are opportunistic pathogen ( cause disease only under certain conditions) Only 3% are true pathogens Beneficial 87 % Opportunistic10% Pathogens 3 %  Bacteriology Bacteriology is the branch of microbiology concerned with the study of Bacteria Example: 1. Medical bacteriology, 2. Industrial bacteriology, 3. Agricultural bacteriology, Studying types of bacteria and their characteristics, diseases, and application Mycology Mycology is the branch of microbiology concerned with the studying of Fungi and Yeast Example: 1. Medical mycology 2. industrial mycology  Studying types of fungi and their characteristics, diseases, and application as  Antibiotics production  Baking industry  Dairy products Phycology Phycology is the branch of microbiology concerned with the studying of Algae  algae can be found in different types of environment.  found floating in the ocean, and aquatic environments. Parasitology  Parasitology is the branch of microbiology concerned with the studying of parasites (relationship between host and parasite) Examples 1- Protozoa (amoeba ) 2- Helminths (worms)  These parasites are mainly responsible for causing infection in humans and animals. Virology  Virology is the branch of microbiology that is concerned with the study of viruses.  Viruses are very small and can be seen only under an electron microscope  viruses are a cellular microbe with simple structures a small amount of DNA or RNA wrapped in protein  viruses Not independently, multiply only on living cells  Viruses are capable to infect all types of cells from bacteria to a human.  such as (AIDS, common cold, SARS, hepatitis, COVID etc.), Immunology  Immunology is a branch of Pathogen microbiology that is concerned with the study of Immune system of all Host organism.  relationships between host body, pathogen and immunity Immunity Applied Microbiology  Air and Environmental Microbiology  Water Microbiology  Food microbiology  Soil Microbiology  Industry Microbiology  Medical Microbiology  Geomicrobiology  Biotechnology  Agricultural microbiology Thank you