مقدمة في إدارة الصحة العامة PDF

Introduction of public health administration BY DR. ZAINAB MOHAMED HASSAN Learning Objectives:  By the end of this lecture, the students will be able to:  1. Define public health.  2. Define health services administration.  3. Differences clinical approac...

Introduction of public health administration BY DR. ZAINAB MOHAMED HASSAN Learning Objectives:  By the end of this lecture, the students will be able to:  1. Define public health.  2. Define health services administration.  3. Differences clinical approach and public health approach to health care.  4. Identify roles of public health professionals.  5. Enumerate importance of public health administration.  6. Identify principles of public health administration.  7. Identify the major disciplines in public health.  8. Describe essential public health services. Introduction:  Growing attention has been paid to the need to create a fully qualified public health workforce as a crucial part of the country's infrastructure for public health.  The workforce is made up of people who work for official public health organizations at all levels of government, community-based and voluntary organizations with a focus on health promotion, the public health-related staff of hospitals and health care systems, as well as a variety of other people in private interests, government, and the nonprofit sector.  Public health administration and practice entails planned initiatives to enhance the health of populations.  These populations can be range from a small local neighborhood to a whole nation or region of the world. Definition of public health:  It is the science that safeguards and enhances the health of individuals and communities by promoting healthy lifestyles, investigating illness, and preventing injury, identifying, and managing infectious diseases. Definition of Public Health Administration:  It is deals with the management of public health programs, which involve the local population in the community or region.  It entails ‫ يتطلب – يتضمن‬management of public health agencies or organizations. Definition of health services administration:  It is the area of public health that focuses on managing people and programs daily to make sure that organizations run efficiently and successfully. Differences clinical approach and public health approach to health care:  Clinical Approach: the major function is the diagnosis, treatment of diseases in individuals, and preventive medicine (such as vaccines, smoking cessation, obesity counseling, and other behavioral/lifestyle problems).  It focuses is still on the individual.  Public Health Approach: The primary responsibility of it is the control and prevention of disease in populations or groups of people; however, some activities (such as diagnosing cases linked to outbreaks and treating patients with communicable diseases like syphilis or tuberculosis) may overlap with those of clinical medicine.  Clinical medicine and public health are two fields that differ significantly from one another. Importance of public health administration: Prevents the spread of disease and epidemics Safeguards against environmental risks Promotes and encourages healthy behavior and prevents injuries Responds to emergencies Helps communities recover Ensures the availability and quality of medical services Major public health disciplines:  Nutrition: it is the study of food, its nutrients, and other ingredients, and how its action, interaction, and balance relate to both health and disease is known as nutrition.  Reproductive health: it is a condition of total physical, mental, and social well-being that includes all aspects of the reproductive system, including its functions and process, in addition to the absence of sickness or disability.  Environmental Health: The fundamental strategy for environmental management starts with the identification of certain biologic, chemical, social, and physical elements that pose risks to health or wellbeing, followed by changes to the environment that protect individuals from hazardous exposures.  Health Education: It is described as a collection of educational opportunities intended to encourage healthy, voluntary behaviors. It is a crucial component of health promotion.  Epidemiology is the study of frequency, distribution, and determinants of diseases and other related states or events in specified populations.  The application of this study to the promotion of health and to the prevention and control of health problems is evident.  Health Economics: It is focused on the effective use of economic resources including personnel, material, and financial resources as well as alternate uses of resources in the health services sector.  Biostatistics: It is the use of statistics to biological problems, particularly medical ones.  Health Service Management: It involves getting individuals to collaborate effectively and use resources wisely to accomplish goals.  Ecology (Natural science): It is the study of how different living things interact with one another and with their physical surroundings.  Research: It is a planned effort to learn more in-depth information or new facts on scientific or technical topics.  It seeks to discover and understand facts, to revise current ideas or laws in light of new facts, or to put such new theories or laws into practice.  Demography: It is the study of populations, particularly their number and diversity, as well as their growth, age distribution, migration, and interactions with societal and economic factors. Roles of public health professionals:  Monitor the health status of a community to identify potential problems  Diagnose and investigate health problems and hazards in the community  Inform, educate, and empower people about health issues, particularly the underserved and those at risk  Mobilize community partnerships to identify and solve health problems  Develop policies and plans that support individual and community health efforts.  Enforce laws and regulations that protect health and ensure safety  Link people to needed personal health services and ensure the provision of health care when otherwise unavailable  Ensure a competent public health and personal health care workforce  Evaluate effectiveness, accessibility, and quality of personal and population-based health services  Research new insights and innovative solutions to health problems. The essential public health services and the activities done by public health agencies:  The essential public health services and the activities done by public health agencies: