Introduction to Medicine (L2) Medical Terminology II PDF

Introduc on to medicine {L2} SHAWABKEH Medical Terminology II !!!! ‫اﻻن رح ﻧﻛﻣل ﻋن ﺟداول وﺳﯾﺳﺗﻣﺎت ف ﻓﺗﺣﻠﻲ ﻣﺧك‬ Urinary System: ‫اﻟﺟﮭﺎز اﻟﺑوﻟﻲ‬  Two kidneys ‫ﻛﻠﯾﺗﺎن‬  Two ureters ‫...

Introduc on to medicine {L2} SHAWABKEH Medical Terminology II !!!! ‫اﻻن رح ﻧﻛﻣل ﻋن ﺟداول وﺳﯾﺳﺗﻣﺎت ف ﻓﺗﺣﻠﻲ ﻣﺧك‬ Urinary System: ‫اﻟﺟﮭﺎز اﻟﺑوﻟﻲ‬  Two kidneys ‫ﻛﻠﯾﺗﺎن‬  Two ureters ‫اﻟﺣﺎﻟب‬  Bladder ‫ﻣﺛﺎﻧﮫ ﺑوﻟﯾﮫ‬  Urethra ‫اﻷﺣﻠﯾل‬. Functions of the kidney  Filter nitrogenous wastes to form urine  Maintain proper balance of water, electrolytes and acids  Degrade and eliminate hormones from bloodstream  Release hormones: i.e. Renin, erythropoietin (EPO) and Calcifero Medical terms in urinary system Term Definition Kidney ‫اﻟﻛﻠﯾﺔ‬ Bean-shaped organs that filter nitrogenous waste from the bloodstream to form urine. Figure1 Nephron‫ﻧﻔرون‬ Functional unit of a kidney. Figure2 Reabsorption ‫ اﻋﺎدة‬Process of returning essential elements to the blood stream. ‫اﻻﻣﺗﺻﺎص‬ Renin ‫اﻧزﯾم اﻟرﯾﻧﯾن‬ Enzyme produced in kidneys to regulate filtration rate of blood by increasing blood ‫ﺑﯾرﻓﻊ ﺿﻐط اﻟدم‬ pressure. urea ‫ﯾورﯾﺎ‬ Waste product of nitrogen metabolism excreted in normal adult urine. Urine ‫ﺑول‬ Fluid excreted by urinary system. Cortex Outer region of kidney. Figure1 Bowman’s Capsule surrounding a glomerulus and serving as a collection site for urine. Figure3 capsule Filtration ‫ﻓﻠﺗرة‬ Process of separating solids from a liquid by passing it through a porous substance. Figure3 Glomerulus Group of capillaries in a nephron. Figure3 (glomeruli) ‫اﻟﻛﺑﺔ‬ Electrolyte Chemical element that carries an electrical charge when dissolved in water. Catheter Tube for injecting or removing fluids. Medulla Inner region of an organ.‫ اﻟﺟزء اﻟداﺧﻠﻲ ﺑﺎﻟﻛﻠﯾﺔ‬Figure1 Creatinine ‫ ﻛرﯾﺎﺗﯾﻧﯾن‬Nitrogenous waste excreted in urine. Bladder ‫اﻟﻣﺛﺎﻧﺔ‬ Organ where urine collects before being excreted from the body. Potassium (K+) An electrolyte regulated by the kidney. Sodium (Na+) An electrolyte regulated in the blood and urine by the kidney. Renal artery ‫ ﺷرﯾﺎن‬Blood vessel that carries blood to the kidney. Figure1 ‫اﻟﻛﻠﯾﺔ‬ Renal tubules Microscopic tubes in the kidney where urine is formed after filtration. Renal veins Blood vessel that carries blood away from the kidney. Figure1 Some of combining form in urinary system Combining Form Meaning Example Ureter(o) Ureter ‫اﻟﺣﺎﻟب‬ Ureterostenosis (narrowing of a ureter) Urethr(o) Urethra Urethrorrhea (abnormal discharge from the urethra) Uria Of urine Anuria (lack of urine formation). Vesic(o) Bladder ‫اﻟﻣﺛﺎﻧﺔ‬ Vesicoabdominal (relating to the urinary bladder and abdominal wall). Cyst(o) Bladder Cystitis (bladder inflammation). Glomerul(o) Glomerulus Glomerulitis (inflammation of the glomerulus ‫اﻟﻛﺑﺔ‬ Nephr(o) Kidney Nephritis (kidney inflammation). Ren(o) Kidney Renomegaly (enlargement of kidney). Ur(o), urin(o) Urine Uremia (excess of urea and other nitrogenous wastes in blood). Digestive System:  Consists of:  Oral cavity ‫اﻟﻔم‬  Pharynx ‫اﻟﺑﻠﻌوم‬  Esophagus‫اﻟﻣرئ‬  Stomach‫اﻟﻣﻌدة‬  Liver ‫اﻟﻛﺑد‬  pancreas‫اﻟﺑﻧﻛرﯾﺎس‬  gallbladder ‫اﻟﻣرارة‬  Small intestine & Large intestine ‫اﻷﻣﻌﺎء اﻟﻐﻠﯾظﺔ واﻟدﻗﯾﻘﮫ‬  Performs four main functions: ✓ Ingestion‫اﻟﺑﻠﻊ‬. ✓ Digestion ‫اﻟﮭﺿم‬. ✓ Absorption.‫ ✓ اﻻﻣﺗﺻﺎص‬Elimination ‫اﺧراﺟﮭﺎ ﻣن اﻟﺟﺳم‬ Digestive System-Terms Term: Definition: Amino Small building blocks of proteins; released when proteins are digested. Figure4 acids ‫اﺣﻣﺎض‬ ‫اﻣﯾﻧﯾﺔ‬ Amylase Enzyme secreted by pancreas and salivary glands to digest starch. Figure4 ‫اﻧزﯾم ﯾﻔرزه‬ ‫اﻟﺑﻧﻛرﯾﺎس واﻟﻐدد اﻟﻠﻌﺎﺑﯾﺔ ﻟﮭﺿم اﻟﻧﺷﺎ‬ Absorption Passage of materials through walls of the small intestine into bloodstream. ( ‫ﻋﻣﻠﯾﺔ اﻻﻣﺗﺻﺎص)ﻣرور اﻟﻣواد ﺧﻼل ﺟدران اﻷﻣﻌﺎء اﻟدﻗﯾﻘﺔ ﺑﺎﺗﺟﺎه اﻟدم‬ Bile ‫اﻟﻌﺻﺎرة‬ Yellowish-brown to greenish fluid secreted by liver and stored in gallbladder; aids in ‫اﻟﺻﻔراوﯾﺔ‬ fat digestion. Figure5‫ﺳﺎﺋل اﺻﻔر ﻣﺎﺋل اﻟﻰ اﻟﻠون اﻟﺑﻧﻲ ﯾﻔرز ﻣن اﻟﻛﺑد وﯾﺧزن ﻓﻲ اﻟﻣرارة وﻟﮫ دور ﻓﻲ ھﺿم اﻟدھون‬ Bilirubin Pigment contained in bile. ‫اﻟﺻﺑﻐﺔ اﻟﻣوﺟودة ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﺻﺎرة اﻟﺻﻔراوﯾﺔ‬