Infancy Period Objectives PDF

infancy period Objectives 1-Define infancy period 2List physical  and physiological growth of the infant. 3-Summarize motor and social development of the infant 4-Explain infant care. 5-Recognize needs during infancy period 6-Enumerate problems of an infant.  ...

infancy period Objectives 1-Define infancy period 2List physical  and physiological growth of the infant. 3-Summarize motor and social development of the infant 4-Explain infant care. 5-Recognize needs during infancy period 6-Enumerate problems of an infant.   Definition It is a period of growth and development, it starts at the end of the first month up to the first year of age Infant's growth and development during this period characterized by being rapid  Wight Physical growth Birth to 4months 5 mo to 8mo 9 mo to 12 mo ¾ kg/months ½ kg/ month. ¼ kg / month. 3 kilograms = 2 kilograms = 1 kilogram =  N. B The infant will double his birth weight by 5-6 months and triple it by 12 months Another way of calculating the weight for infant aged3 to 12 months : ‫الزم في كل‬ ‫االمتحانات‬  Height Physical growth Birth to 3mo 4 mo to 6mo 7 mo to9 mo 10 mo to 12mo 3cm/mo. 2.5cm / mo 1. 5cm / mo 1cm / month. 9 7.5 4.5 3 Centimeters Centimeters Centimeters centimeters  3 -Head circumference During the first 3 months of age head circumference increase approximately 2 cm per month but it increases 0.5 cm per month during the second 9 months.  4-Chest circumference by the end of the first year, it will be equal to head circumference ‫مهم جدا في االمتحانات‬  Physiological growth 3-Blood 1-Pulse 2-Respiration:- pressure:- 110-150 35 ± 10 c/ - 80/50 ±20/10 beats/min. min mmhg  Teething:- N.B Teeth eruption starts by 5 to 6 months of age. It is called "temporary teeth" or "milky teeth" or "deciduous teeth" or "primary teeth". ‫مهم جدا في االمتحانات‬  Average age for teeth eruption: Lower Upper Upper Lower central central lateral lateral incisors incisors incisors incisors Erupt at 7.5 Erupt at 11 Erupt at 6 months Erupt at 9 months months months  Average age for teeth eruption: Lower first Upper first Lower second Upper second molar molar molars molars Erupt at 12 Erupt at 14 Erupt at 20 Erupt at 24 months months months months  Average age for teeth eruption Lower Upper cuspids cuspids (canine) (canine) Erupt at 16 months Erupt at 18 months  N.B By the age of one year most of children have 6-8 ‫مكرر في االمتحانات‬ teeth Quick formula for teeth calculation during the first 2 years-: number of teeth = age of the child in months -4  Side effect that may occur during teething: It should be emphasized that teething is a physiological process Although it may cause excessive disturbed painful slight raise of irritability gums salivation sleep temperature.  Motor development At the second month of age the infant can: Turn from side to back Hold head erect in mid position  At the third month of age the infant can : holds object and put in hand Sits with support, his back is rounded, knees are flexed At the fourth month of age the infant can: Sits with adequate -Hold head erect and steady support. while in sitting position.  At the fifth month of age the infant can:- -Sits with light support. -Balance his head well.  At the 6-7 months of age the infant can:- Sits momentarily without support at 6 months and briefly by 7 months. -Turns over completely from Transfer a toy from hand to stomach to stomach hand.  At 8 months of age the infant can Sits alone steadily Hands -eye coordination is perfect. ‫مهم في‬ ‫االمتحانات‬  At 9-10 months of age the infant can:- Crawls at 9 months of age Creeps use hands and legs by 10 months  At 11-12 months of age the infant can:- Walks holding on Stand erect with the help of some furniture one Sits down from standing position without help  Social development By7-8 months of agethe By 2 month of age: infant can:- Distinguishes mother as primary care giver from other. Show fear of stranger (stranger anxiety Learns that crying bring attention Responds socially to his own name By 9-10months of ag By 3-4 months of age: play simple games with adult, e.g. byebye Smiles in response to smile of others -Imitate facial expression at 10months  ‫‪Social development‬‬ ‫‪By 11-12 months of agethe infant can:-‬‬ ‫‪Say mama and dada and 2 words besides.‬‬ ‫‪-Imitate animal sounds‬‬ ‫‪-Know his own name‬‬ ‫شفرة لتسهيل الحفظ‬ ‫امي قدوه لي مشت بكتني‪....‬جاتني ضحكتني‪.....‬جابت‬ ‫خالتي خوفتني‪.......‬مشتها فقلت لها باي باي وغمزت لها‬ ‫كلمت ابويا وامي وقلت لهم عرفت اسمي‬  Infant care 3- Observation 1-Bathing for of infant's cleanliness 2-Exercise body and skin  Infant care 4-Clothing for comfort, it should be suitable for his age and sex, weather and activity 5-Expose infant to fresh air and sunshine 6-Sleep: The amount of sleep dependson the infants'need, perfect position for sleep is either prone position with head to one side or lying on one side. At the 3rdmonth of age infant sleeps about 15-16 hours/day and one or two naps. 7-Safety measures should be followed for each procedure, bathing, clothing, selection of toys and furniture (his crib, mattress, pillows, and clothes.) 8-Feeding and weaning 9-Immunization  Needs of an Infant 1-Infants need for sucking pleasure, he uses sucking to relive his tension and induce comfort and peace 2-Infants need for warmth and comfort, he enjoys warmth and comfort of the mother's body, he also enjoys rhythmic rocking and gentle movement by his mother. 3-Infants need for sensory stimulation 4-Infants need for love and security, he needs love as being cuddled, played during the daily activity.  Problems of infants I-Psychological problems II-Health problems 1 Frustration in feeding 1-Malnutrition 2-Frustration in sucking 2Infection 3-Lack of parental love and frustration 4-Stranger anxiety and loss of mother (maternal deprivation) 5-Malnutrition due to disturbed mother child relation 6-Child abuse ‫نشكركم علي متابعتكم في الكورس وسنظل دائما في تطور‬ ‫‪Alaa hamada‬‬