19th Century Industrialization PDF
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Uploaded by AutonomousLouisville
Thomas S. Wootton High School
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This document details information about the 19th century Industrial Revolution. It covers topics such as the causes, development, technological advancements, social effects, and consequences of the industrialization period from 1760 to 1840. It also includes discussion questions on the topic.
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19th Century Industrialization 1760 - 1840 What is Industrialization? Industrialization is the process of transforming economies from agriculture-based to industry-based. It involves the development of factories and mass production. This shift impacts so...
19th Century Industrialization 1760 - 1840 What is Industrialization? Industrialization is the process of transforming economies from agriculture-based to industry-based. It involves the development of factories and mass production. This shift impacts society, economy, and technology. Development of Industrialization Cottage Industry: Small-scale production in homes (Putting-out system). Factory System: Centralized production in large facilities. Transition from manual labor to mechanized processes. Cottage Industry Factory System Causes of Industrialization in Great Britain Agricultural Revolution: Improved farming techniques increased food supply. e.g. Three Field System Rapid population growth: More workers available for factories. Three Field System Natural resources: Abundant coal and iron fueled industrial growth. Government policies (e.g. Enclosure Movement) and banking facilities supported entrepreneurs. Key Figures in Capitalism Adam Smith: Advocated for free markets in "Wealth of Nations." Laissez-Faire economics: Minimal government intervention in the economy. David Ricardo: Introduced the "Iron Law of Wages." Thomas Malthus: Warned about population growth exceeding resources. Spread of Industrialization Industrialization spread to other countries by 1850. Challenges included resistance to change and lack of resources. Countries like Belgium, France, and the United States began industrializing. Technological Advancements Textile Industry innovations: Flying shuttle and Spinning Jenny. Steam Engine improvement by James Watt revolutionized transportation and production. Iron Industry advancements supported infrastructure development. Railroads transformed movement of goods and people. Living Conditions Large supply of workers kept wages low ○ Worker exploitation No rules or laws to protect anyone ○ Child labor ○ Abuse of women and children ○ Urban living conditions Pollution Disease Crime Poor construction Efforts for Change Trade Unions: Advocated for workers' rights and better conditions. Luddites: Opposed mechanization, fearing job loss. Chartists: Sought political reforms like: ○ universal male suffrage ○ Secret voting (ballot) ○ Payment for MPs Factory and Mines Acts: ○ Legislation aimed at reducing working hours and improving conditions. ○ Protect women and children first Consequences of Industrialization Short-term: Urbanization and rapid growth of cities. Long-term: Environmental issues like pollution and social changes. New middle class emerged, along with a distinct working class. Impact on family dynamics and working conditions for children and women. Discussion Questions How did the Agricultural Revolution contribute to industrialization? What were the social impacts of urbanization during this period? In what ways did technological advancements change daily life? How did different groups respond to the challenges of industrialization?
