Cellular Respiration and Photosynthesis PDF

## Cellular Respiration and Photosynthesis ### Cellular Respiration Questions #### The product of glycolysis that enters the Krebs cycle if oxygen is present is pyruvic acid. - **Answer:** Pyruvic acid. #### Aerobic respiration requires oxygen, anaerobic does not. - **Answer:** Aerobic. #### Pl...

## Cellular Respiration and Photosynthesis ### Cellular Respiration Questions #### The product of glycolysis that enters the Krebs cycle if oxygen is present is pyruvic acid. - **Answer:** Pyruvic acid. #### Aerobic respiration requires oxygen, anaerobic does not. - **Answer:** Aerobic. #### Plants need oxygen for cellular respiration. - **Answer:** Cellular respiration. #### Organisms need oxygen to perform cellular respiration and produce ATP. - **Answer:** Cellular respiration. #### Cellular respiration uses 1 molecule of glucose to produce approximately 36 ATP molecules. - **Answer:** 36 ATP molecules. #### Cellular respiration is the process that breaks down food molecules to release energy. - **Answer:** Cellular respiration. #### Pyruvate is converted to acetyl CoA in the mitochondria after glycolysis. - **Answer:** Acetyl CoA. #### The production of lactic acid is a result of anaerobic respiration. Anaerobic respiration occurs when there is not enough oxygen available for aerobic respiration. - **Answer:** Anaerobic respiration. #### An insufficient amount of oxygen reaching the cells. - **Answer:** Oxygen debt. #### The production of lactic acid is a result of anaerobic respiration. Anaerobic respiration occurs when there is not enough oxygen available for aerobic respiration. - **Answer:** Anaerobic respiration. #### The starting molecule for glycolysis is glucose. - **Answer:** Glucose. #### Glycolysis is the first step in cellular respiration, and it begins with the breakdown of glucose. - **Answer:** Glycolysis. #### Alcoholic fermentation is a process that converts sugar into ethanol and carbon dioxide. - **Answer:** Ethanol and carbon dioxide. #### The two main types of fermentation are alcoholic and lactic acid fermentation. - **Answer:** Alcoholic and lactic acid fermentation. #### A solution with bromothymol blue will turn yellow if photosynthesis is occurring. - **Answer:** False. #### Photosynthesis uses carbon dioxide and releases oxygen. Carbon dioxide is acidic and oxygen is basic. When carbon dioxide is used up, the solution becomes more basic and turns blue. - **Answer:** False. #### The primary purpose of fermentation in cellular respiration is to regenerate NAD+ for glycolysis to continue. - **Answer:** Regeneration of NAD+. #### Fermentation is an anaerobic process that allows glycolysis to continue in the absence of oxygen. - **Answer:** Anaerobic. #### Aerobic cellular respiration is a process that occurs in the presence of oxygen. It involves four main stages: glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, the electron transport chain, and oxidative phosphorylation. Fermentation is an anaerobic process that occurs in the absence of oxygen. - **Answer:** Fermentation. #### The light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis take place within the thylakoid membranes. - **Answer:** Thylakoid membranes. #### Which of the following pass high-energy electrons to the electron transport chain? - **Answer:** NADH and FADH2. #### Electron transport occurs in the inner mitochondrial membrane. - **Answer:** Inner mitochondrial membrane. #### ATP stands for adenosine triphosphate and powers many cellular processes. - **Answer:** Adenosine triphosphate. #### During lactic acid fermentation, pyruvate is converted into lactic acid. - **Answer:** Lactic acid. #### Lactic acid fermentation is a metabolic process that occurs in some bacteria and animal cells, including muscle cells. It is an anaerobic process, meaning that it does not require oxygen. - **Answer:** Anaerobic. #### During lactic acid fermentation, pyruvate is converted into lactic acid by the enzyme lactate dehydrogenase. This process regenerates NAD+, which is required for glycolysis to continue. - **Answer:** Lactic acid. #### The final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain is oxygen. - **Answer:** Oxygen. #### The light-independent reactions, also known as the Calvin cycle, occur in the stroma of chloroplasts. They use the energy stored in ATP and NADPH from the light-dependent reactions to convert carbon dioxide into glucose. - **Answer:** Glucose. #### The Calvin cycle produces glucose, which is a sugar. - **Answer:** Sugar. #### The process that allows cells to produce ATP without oxygen is fermentation. - **Answer:** Fermentation. #### Fermentation is a metabolic process that converts sugar to acids, gases, or alcohol. It occurs in the absence of oxygen and is used by many organisms, including bacteria, yeast, and some animals. - **Answer:** Fermentation. #### Aerobic respiration is the process of using oxygen to produce ATP. - **Answer:** Aerobic respiration. #### Photosynthesis is the process of using sunlight to produce energy. - **Answer:** Photosynthesis. #### Oxidative phosphorylation is the process of using oxygen to produce ATP. - **Answer:** Oxidative phosphorylation. #### Muscle cells switch to lactic acid fermentation when there is an oxygen debt during intense exercise. This happens because the body cannot supply enough oxygen to the muscle cells to sustain aerobic respiration. - **Answer:** Oxygen debt. #### The image shows the process of photosynthesis. Photosynthesis is the process by which plants use sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide to create their own food (carbohydrates) and release oxygen as a byproduct. The image accurately represents this process. - **Answer:** True. #### The guard cells are the cells that surround the stomata. The stomata are the small openings on the surface of leaves that allow for gas exchange. The guard cells are responsible for opening and closing the stomata. - **Answer:** Guard cells. #### In the image, the guard cells are represented by letter B and the arrow pointing to it. - **Answer:** B. #### Aerobic cellular respiration is the process by which cells use oxygen to break down glucose and produce energy in the form of ATP. It occurs in four main stages: glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, the electron transport chain, and oxidative phosphorylation. - **Answer:** 4 stages. #### Glycolysis occurs in the cytoplasm and breaks down glucose into pyruvate, producing a small amount of ATP and NADH. - **Answer:** Glycolysis. #### The Krebs cycle takes place in the mitochondria and further breaks down pyruvate, producing more ATP, NADH, and FADH2. - **Answer:** Krebs cycle. #### The electron transport chain also occurs in the mitochondria and uses the electrons from NADH and FADH2 to generate a proton gradient across the mitochondrial membrane. - **Answer:** Electron Transport Chain. #### Oxidative phosphorylation uses the proton gradient to produce ATP. - **Answer:** Oxidative phosphorylation. #### The electron transport chain is the final stage of cellular respiration. It occurs in the mitochondria and involves the transfer of electrons from NADH and FADH2 to oxygen, which is reduced to water. This process releases energy that is used to generate ATP. - **Answer:** Electron transport chain. #### Plants need oxygen for cellular respiration. Cellular respiration is the process by which plants break down glucose to release energy. This process requires oxygen. - **Answer:** Cellular respiration. #### The statement "Stomata are found only on the upper surface of leaves" is false. - **Answer:** False. #### Cellular respiration is the process of breaking down glucose to produce energy in the form of ATP. The products of cellular respiration are carbon dioxide, water, and ATP. - **Answer:** Carbon dioxide, water, and ATP. #### The Citric Acid Cycle is also known as the Krebs Cycle. - **Answer:** Krebs cycle. #### The stroma is the fluid-filled space inside the chloroplast. In the image, the stroma is represented by letter B. - **Answer:** Stroma. #### The diagram shows the process of cellular respiration. Letter A represents glucose, which is the starting molecule for cellular respiration. - **Answer:** Glucose. #### The diagram shows the process of alcoholic fermentation. The letter D indicates the product of this process, which is ethyl alcohol. - **Answer:** Ethyl alcohol. #### Photosynthesis is the process by which plants use sunlight to create energy. This process takes place in chloroplasts. Cellular respiration is the process by which cells break down glucose to create energy. This process takes place in mitochondria. - **Answer:** Mitochondria. #### NAD+ is an electron carrier that plays a role in cellular respiration. - **Answer:** Electron carrier. #### The correct equation for cellular respiration is: 6O2 + C6H12O6 + Energy → 6CO2 + 6H2O - **Answer:** 6O2 + C6H12O6 + Energy → 6CO2 + 6H2O #### Cellular respiration is the process by which organisms break down glucose to release energy. This process requires oxygen and produces carbon dioxide and water as byproducts. - **Answer:** Cellular respiration. #### Photosynthesis uses carbon dioxide and water to produce glucose and oxygen. Cellular respiration uses glucose and oxygen to produce carbon dioxide and water. So the answer is B. - **Answer:** Photosynthesis. #### The main energy currency that cells need is ATP. - **Answer:** ATP. #### ATP is a molecule that stores and releases energy for cellular processes. It is often referred to as the "energy currency" of the cell. - **Answer:** ATP. #### DNA and RNA are nucleic acids that carry genetic information, while glucose is a sugar that is used as a source of energy. - **Answer:** DNA and RNA. #### The air bubbles and spongy texture of bread are due to alcoholic fermentation. - **Answer:** Alcoholic fermentation. #### Alcoholic fermentation is a process where yeast converts sugar into ethanol and carbon dioxide. The carbon dioxide gas produced during this process is what creates the air bubbles in bread, giving it its spongy texture. - **Answer:** Alcoholic fermentation. #### The electron transport chain uses the energy released from the movement of electrons to pump protons across the inner mitochondrial membrane. This creates a proton gradient, which is a difference in the concentration of protons across the membrane. The proton gradient is then used to generate ATP, the energy currency of the cell. - **Answer:** True. #### Organisms get energy by breaking down food molecules and capturing their chemical energy. - **Answer:** Chemical energy. #### The statement "Guard cells control the opening and closing of stomata" is True. - **Answer:** True. #### Glycolysis is the first step in cellular respiration. It occurs in the cytoplasm of the cell and does not require oxygen. During glycolysis, a molecule of glucose is broken down into two molecules of pyruvate. This process also produces a net gain of two ATP molecules and two NADH molecules. - **Answer:** 2 ATP and 2 pyruvate. #### Bromthymol blue is a pH indicator. It turns yellow in acidic conditions and blue in basic conditions. Photosynthesis consumes carbon dioxide, which is acidic. Therefore, if photosynthesis is occurring, the solution will become more basic and the bromothymol blue will turn blue. - **Answer:** False. #### Light-dependent reactions take place within the thylakoid membranes. - **Answer:** Thylakoid membranes. #### Electron transport chain occurs in the inner mitochondrial membrane. - **Answer:** Inner mitochondrial membrane. #### The two main types of fermentation are called alcoholic and lactic acid fermentation. - **Answer:** Alcoholic and lactic acid fermentation. #### The final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain is oxygen. - **Answer:** Oxygen. #### The correct sequence of events in aerobic cellular respiration is: 1. Glycolysis 2. Krebs cycle 3. Electron transport - **Answer:** 1. Glycolysis 2. Krebs cycle 3. Electron transport #### Cellular respiration uses 1 molecule of glucose to produce approximately 36 ATP molecules. - **Answer:** 36 ATP molecules. #### The pyruvic acid produced in glycolysis enters the Krebs cycle if oxygen is present. - **Answer:** Pyruvic acid. #### Pyruvate is the end product of glycolysis. After glycolysis, pyruvate is transported into the mitochondria, where it is converted to acetyl CoA. - **Answer:** Acetyl CoA. #### Glycolysis is the first stage of cellular respiration. It occurs in the cytoplasm of the cell. - **Answer:** Glycolysis. #### The main role of ATP synthase in cellular respiration is to produce ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate. - **Answer:** ATP synthase. #### Stomata open during the day to allow for gas exchange, specifically the intake of carbon dioxide and the release of oxygen. At night, stomata close to prevent water loss. - **Answer:** False. ### Photosynthesis Questions #### The graph shows the light absorption of different pigments. The question asks which pigment absorbs light with a wavelength between 400-500 nm. - The answer is Chlorophyll *a*. #### Looking at the graph, we can see that chlorophyll *a* absorbs light in this range. - The answer is Chlorophyll *a*. #### Use sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide to create glucose and oxygen. The balanced chemical equation for photosynthesis is: *6CO2 + 6H2O + light energy → C6H12O6 602* - The answer is **6CO2 + 6H2O + light energy → C6H12O6 602**. #### This equation shows that six molecules of carbon dioxide (CO2) and six molecules of water (H2O) react in the presence of light energy to produce one molecule of glucose (C6H12O6) and six molecules of oxygen (02). - The answer is **6CO2 + 6H2O + light energy → C6H12O6 602**. #### The equation in option B is the only one that correctly represents the balanced chemical equation for photosynthesis. The other options are incorrect because they either have the wrong number of molecules or the wrong products. - The answer is **6CO2 + 6H2O + light energy → C6H12O6 602**. <start_of_image> It describes the process of photosynthesis and how light is absorbed by different pigments to produce glucose and oxygen. It also includes a chemical formula for the process which is: *6CO2 + 6H2O + light energy → C6H12O6 602* This formula shows six molecules of carbon dioxide and six molecules of water reacting in the presence of light energy to produce one molecule of glucose and six molecules of oxygen.