Cellular Respiration and Photosynthesis Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What molecule is the primary product of glycolysis that proceeds into the Krebs cycle, given the presence of oxygen?

  • Lactic acid
  • Pyruvic acid (correct)
  • Acetyl CoA
  • Ethanol

Which type of cellular respiration requires the presence of oxygen?

  • Lactic acid fermentation
  • Anaerobic respiration
  • Aerobic respiration (correct)
  • Fermentation

What is the approximate net ATP production from cellular respiration using one molecule of glucose?

  • 18 ATP molecules
  • 2 ATP molecules
  • 36 ATP molecules (correct)
  • 4 ATP molecules

Which molecule does pyruvate convert into in the mitochondria, after undergoing glycolysis?

<p>Acetyl CoA (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of anaerobic respiration when there is insufficient oxygen available?

<p>Production of lactic acid (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the initial molecule that is broken down to start the process of glycolysis?

<p>Glucose (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the primary products generated through alcoholic fermentation?

<p>Ethanol and carbon dioxide (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the thylakoid membranes in photosynthesis?

<p>To house the light-dependent reactions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reason for fermentation to occur during cellular respiration?

<p>To regenerate NAD+ for glycolysis to continue (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which molecules directly deliver high-energy electrons to the electron transport chain?

<p>NADH and FADH2 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where does the electron transport chain occur within the cell?

<p>In the inner mitochondrial membrane (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does ATP stand for, and what is its main function within cells?

<p>Adenosine triphosphate; energy for cellular processes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the end product of pyruvate conversion during lactic acid fermentation?

<p>Lactic acid (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is lactic acid fermentation classified as an anaerobic process?

<p>It does not require oxygen (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain during aerobic respiration?

<p>Oxygen (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of photosynthesis, what is the ultimate product of the Calvin cycle?

<p>Glucose (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for oxygen debt accumulation in muscle cells?

<p>The body's inability to provide enough oxygen for aerobic respiration (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of guard cells in a plant's leaves?

<p>Regulating the opening and closing of stomata (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where does the Krebs cycle occur within a cell?

<p>Mitochondria (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these processes directly uses the proton gradient to produce ATP?

<p>Oxidative phosphorylation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the end products of cellular respiration?

<p>Carbon dioxide, water, and ATP (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the electron transport chain in cellular respiration?

<p>Generate a proton gradient across the mitochondrial membrane (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about stomata is correct?

<p>They are responsible for gas exchange (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many main stages are involved in aerobic cellular respiration?

<p>Four (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the fluid-filled space inside the chloroplast called?

<p>Stroma (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the process of cellular respiration, what molecule is represented by letter A in the diagram?

<p>Glucose (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the end product of alcoholic fermentation?

<p>Ethyl alcohol (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what organelle does the process of cellular respiration take place?

<p>Mitochondria (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of NAD+ in cellular respiration?

<p>Electron carrier (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following equations correctly represents cellular respiration?

<p>6O2 + C6H12O6 + Energy → 6CO2 + 6H2O (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which process uses carbon dioxide and water to produce glucose and oxygen?

<p>Photosynthesis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main energy currency that cells need for their survival?

<p>ATP (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the proton gradient established during cellular respiration?

<p>To provide the energy required for ATP synthesis. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the initial step in cellular respiration?

<p>Glycolysis, which breaks down glucose in the cell cytoplasm. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of bromothymol blue in the context of photosynthesis?

<p>It serves to measure the change in pH due to carbon dioxide consumption. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where do the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis primarily occur?

<p>Within the thylakoid membranes. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements accurately reflects the main function of ATP synthase?

<p>It produces ATP by utilizing a proton gradient. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain of aerobic cellular respiration?

<p>Oxygen. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is produced by glycolysis, that is further used in the Krebs cycle if oxygen is available?

<p>Pyruvic acid. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the net gain of ATP molecules and pyruvate at the end of glycolysis?

<p>2 ATP and 2 pyruvate (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of stomata during the day?

<p>To facilitate gas exchange, taking in carbon dioxide and releasing oxygen. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the graph interpretation, which pigment absorbs light most effectively between 400-500 nm?

<p>Chlorophyll <em>a</em> (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which chemical equation accurately represents the process of photosynthesis?

<p>$6CO_2 + 6H_2O + light energy → C_6H_{12}O_6 + 6O_2$ (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the chemical equation for photosynthesis, what are the reactants?

<p>Carbon Dioxide and Water (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is produced by the process of photosynthesis?

<p>Glucose and Oxygen (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Aerobic vs Anaerobic Respiration

Aerobic respiration requires the presence of oxygen to produce energy from glucose, while anaerobic respiration does not need oxygen and produces less energy.

Cellular Respiration

Cellular respiration is the process by which cells break down glucose in the presence of oxygen to release energy in the form of ATP.

Glycolysis

The first step of cellular respiration where glucose is broken down into pyruvate, generating a small amount of ATP.

Pyruvate to Acetyl-CoA

Pyruvate, produced during glycolysis, is converted into acetyl-CoA, which enters the Krebs cycle.

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Krebs Cycle

The Krebs Cycle, also known as the Citric Acid Cycle, is a series of reactions that oxidize acetyl-CoA to produce ATP, NADH, and FADH2.

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Fermentation

The process by which cells produce ATP in the absence of oxygen, resulting in the production of lactic acid in animals or ethanol in yeast.

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Lactic Acid Fermentation

The process of converting pyruvate to lactic acid in the absence of oxygen.

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Bromothymol Blue

A chemical that allows bromothymol blue to change color, indicating the presence or absence of carbon dioxide.

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Photosynthesis

The process of using sunlight to produce energy (glucose) in plants and some bacteria.

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Oxygen

The final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain, essential for oxidative phosphorylation.

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Oxidative Phosphorylation

The process of generating ATP using oxygen as the final electron acceptor, occurring in the mitochondria.

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Aerobic Respiration

The process of using oxygen to produce ATP, the primary energy currency of cells. Occurs in mitochondria.

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Oxygen Debt

The body's inability to supply enough oxygen to muscles during intense exercise, leading to a buildup of lactate.

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Guard Cells

Specialized cells surrounding stomata, responsible for regulating their opening and closing to control gas exchange.

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Electron Transport Chain

The final stage of cellular respiration, occurring in the mitochondria, uses electron carriers to generate a proton gradient, leading to ATP production.

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Alcoholic Fermentation

A process where yeast converts sugar into ethanol and carbon dioxide. This process is used in bread making, where the carbon dioxide gas creates air bubbles, giving bread a spongy texture.

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ATP

A molecule that stores and releases energy for cellular processes. It is often referred to as the "energy currency" of the cell.

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Electron Carrier

A molecule that carries electrons during cellular respiration. It moves electrons from one process to another, helping to generate energy.

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Stroma

The fluid-filled space inside the chloroplast. It is where the light-independent reactions of photosynthesis take place.

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Glucose

The substance that is the starting molecule in cellular respiration. It is a sugar that is broken down to release energy.

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Pyruvate

The molecule that is the end product of glycolysis and the starting point for the Krebs cycle (if oxygen is present).

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ATP Synthase

The enzyme responsible for producing ATP in the electron transport chain.

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6CO2 + 6H2O + light energy → C6H12O6 + 6O2

A balanced chemical equation representing the process of photosynthesis.

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Chlorophyll a

The pigment that absorbs light between wavelengths of 400-500 nm.

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Stomata

Stomata are tiny pores in plants that open and close for gas exchange, including the intake of CO2 and release of O2.

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Stomata opening and closing

Stomata open during the day to allow for gas exchange and close at night to prevent water loss.

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Study Notes

Cellular Respiration

  • Aerobic respiration requires oxygen, while anaerobic respiration does not.
  • Plants need oxygen for cellular respiration.
  • Organisms need oxygen to perform cellular respiration and produce ATP.
  • Cellular respiration uses one molecule of glucose to produce approximately 36 ATP molecules.
  • Cellular respiration is the process that breaks down food molecules to release energy.
  • Pyruvate is converted to acetyl CoA in the mitochondria after glycolysis.
  • The production of lactic acid is a result of anaerobic respiration.
  • An insufficient amount of oxygen reaching the cells results in anaerobic respiration.
  • Fermentation is a process that produces less ATP than aerobic respiration.

Photosynthesis

  • Chlorophyll a absorbs light in the 400-500 nm range.
  • The balanced chemical equation for photosynthesis is: 6CO2 + 6H2O + light energy → C6H12O6 + 6O2
  • Photosynthesis uses carbon dioxide and water to produce glucose and oxygen.
  • Cellular respiration uses glucose and oxygen to produce carbon dioxide and water.

Other

  • The light-independent reactions of photosynthesis take place within the thylakoid membranes.
  • The final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain is oxygen.
  • The primary purpose of fermentation in cellular respiration is to regenerate NAD+ for glycolysis to continue.
  • The electron transport chain occurs in the inner mitochondrial membrane.
  • ATP stands for adenosine triphosphate and powers many cellular processes.
  • Glycolysis is the first step in cellular respiration and it breaks down glucose into pyruvate.
  • The products of cellular respiration are carbon dioxide, water, and ATP.
  • Glycolysis is the only stage of cellular respiration that does not require oxygen.
  • The two main types of fermentation are alcoholic and lactic acid fermentation.
  • Guard cells control the opening and closing of stomata.
  • The stroma is the fluid-filled space inside the chloroplast.
  • The starting molecule for glycolysis is glucose.
  • The main role of ATP synthase in cellular respiration is to produce ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate.
  • The statement "Guard cells control the opening and closing of stomata" is true.
  • The Citric Acid Cycle is also known as the Krebs Cycle.

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